初中被動語態(tài)講解.教學內(nèi)容

被動語態(tài)ThePassiveVoiceCindy第一頁，共27頁。英語動詞(dòngcí)有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)(theActiveVoice)被動語態(tài)(thePassiveVoice)A.主動(zhǔdòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B.被動語態(tài)表示(biǎoshì)主語是動作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.注：后面能接賓語的動詞才有被動語態(tài)第二頁，共27頁。WespeakEnglish.主語(zhǔyǔ)謂語(wèiyǔ)賓語(bīnyǔ)Englishis

spoken

by

us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They

cleaned

theclassroomyesterday.

昨天他們打掃了教室。Theclassroom

wascleaned

by

them

yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。第三頁，共27頁。1.一般現(xiàn)在時：is/am/are+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞2.一般過去(guòqù)時：was/were+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞3.現(xiàn)在/過去(guòqù)完成時：has/have/had+been+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞4.一般將來時：will+be+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞5.含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞6.現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去(guòqù)分詞歌訣(gējué)：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面找一找規(guī)律(guīlǜ)第四頁，共27頁。(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:當句子的主語是動作(dòngzuò)的執(zhí)行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當句子的主語是動作(dòngzuò)的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。第五頁，共27頁。be+過去分詞(二)被動語態(tài)的基本(jīběn)結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)(shítài)的變化第六頁，共27頁。1.規(guī)則(guīzé)動詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動詞(dòngcí)原形后加-edwatch---watched2)以不發(fā)音(fāyīn)e結(jié)尾的加-dpractice---practiced3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的，去y變i加-edstudy---studied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop---stopped2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone動詞過去分詞的變化:第七頁，共27頁。[1].NowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheword.

A.speaks

B.isspoken

C.wasspoken一般現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)時的被動語態(tài)：主語+am/is/are+PP第八頁，共27頁。[2].Thelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.

A.wasfound

B.isfound

C.waslookedfor一般(yībān)過去時的被動語態(tài)：主語+was/were+PP第九頁，共27頁。[3].Moreman-madesatellites____inthefuture.

A.willsendup

B.willbesentup

C.aresentup一般(yībān)將來時的被動語態(tài)：主語+will+be+PP主語+begoingto+be+PP第十頁，共27頁。[4].Threebridges____sincelastyear.

A.havebuilt

B.werebuilt

C.havebeenbuilt現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語+have/has+been+PP第十一頁，共27頁。[5].Flowers____everyday.

A.hasbeenwatered

B.shouldbewatered

C.shouldwater含有(hányǒu)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+PP第十二頁，共27頁。(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài):(1)把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;(2)把謂語動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞)(根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式(xíngshì))。(3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如：Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesinthefactory.aremadethemby第十三頁，共27頁。主變被步驟(bùzhòu):1.找賓語:即動作(dòngzuò)的承受者(改為主語)He

washed

hiscaryesterday.

Hiscar3.判斷新主語(zhǔyǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù):確定be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù).be4.判斷動詞的時態(tài):即be動詞的時態(tài).2.修改謂語的語態(tài):即be+原V.過去分詞

washed5.修改原句的主語:即by+主語(變賓格).

(byhim)

yesterday.iswaswas第十四頁，共27頁。1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

2.She

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

3.He

cleans

theclassroomeveryday.

TheclassroomwasbrokenbyTom.werebrokenbyher.iscleanedbyhimbe動詞(dòngcí)的單復(fù)數(shù)變化:everyday.第十五頁，共27頁。

1.Theywill

finishtheworkintendays.Theworkintendays.willbefinished(bythem)2.Theyaregoingtohaveashow

tomorrow.Ashowisgoingtobehad(bythem)tomorrow.第十六頁，共27頁。1.Amycantakegoodcareofthecat．Thecatcanbetakengoodcare

ofbyAmy.2.Theyshouldsingsomebeautifulsongs.Somebeautifulsongsbythem.shouldbesung

第十七頁，共27頁。(四)被動語態(tài)的特殊(tèshū)情況:1.在主動語態(tài)中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等詞,其后跟省略to的動詞(dòngcí)不定式(動詞(dòngcí)原形),在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須還原動詞(dòngcí)不定式符號to.如:1)Weheardhimsingthissongintheroom.Hewasheardtosingthissongintheroom.2)Thebossmadehimwork14hoursaday.Hewasmadetowork14hoursaday.3)Iseehimwalktoschool.Heisseentowalktoschool.第十八頁，共27頁。Atrafficaccident_________(happen)justnow.happened2.連系動詞(dòngcí)（Link.v.)如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds3.當此動詞表示(biǎoshì)事物的自然屬性的時候:Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells1.不及物動詞(jíwùdònɡcí)（vi.)如:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,…不用被動語態(tài)的動詞：第十九頁，共27頁。(表示主語的自然屬性特征(tèzhēng))+副詞(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常見動詞：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashed第二十頁，共27頁。1.Manyaccidents____bycarelessdriverslastyear.A.arecausedB.werecausedC.havecausedD.willcause2.Anofficial_____bysomereportersonfoodproblemsinShanghaiyesterday.A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed3.Todayalotofinformationcan_____online.A.receiveB.bereceivedC.isreceivedD.receiving4.I’mgladtofindthatmanytrees_______inourcitylastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted第二十一頁，共27頁。5.Drivingafterdrinkingwine

inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed6.Don'tworry.Yourpackage

hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A.willkeepB.haskeptC.willbekeptD.hasbeenkept7.It’struethatShakespeare’splay______bysomanypeopleeveryyear.A.seeB.willseeC.areseeingD.areseen第二十二頁，共27頁。CorrectingmistakeCorrectthemistake(s)ineachsentenceifany:1)Twoboyshurtwhileplayingaball．2)ThesingerlivedinLondonuntilhewassendingtouniversity．3)Howlongdoyouthinkthemeetingwillbelasted?第二十三頁，共27頁。4)Classisbegunat7:30everyday．5)Hisplanissoundedgood．第二十四頁，共27頁。1.樹要在春天(chūntiān)種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深;3.把樹放進坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍子插直了;6.用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水.根據(jù)提示寫一篇以HowtoPlantaTree?為題目(tímù)的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用被動語態(tài)，80詞左右。Writing第二十五頁，共27頁。1.樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得