高一語法：主謂一致【2015全新升級版】課件

Subject-Verbagreement主謂一致Subject-Verbagreement定義：

所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動詞之間保持?jǐn)?shù)量和人稱方面的一致,即主語的單復(fù)數(shù)和人稱決定著謂語動詞的形式。什么是主語和謂語注意：形意有別樹干?句子樹枝?句子成分Look,thetree!詞匯樹葉?主語謂語賓語狀語定語補語表語句子的成分表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”主語

GinaisfromAustralia.Sheoftengoestothemovies.Threeisenough.Doingtheworkishardforhim.

Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Therich

shouldhelpthepoor.-名詞-代詞-數(shù)詞-動名詞-不定式-主語從句-名詞化adj.主語一般位于句首！關(guān)注形式主語it!主語在哪兒1.

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.Thestudents

ofourclassoftenspeakEnglish.3.

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.

Theyoung

aretolookuptotheold.7.

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.10.Whenandwheretomeetisunknown.練習(xí)：在下面句子的主語下劃橫線，并說出由什么充當(dāng)是句子的核心動詞，說明主語“做什么”或“怎么樣”,詞形有“四位一體”的變化。主謂要一致謂語

WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.謂語動詞變形要遵循“四位一體”的要求：時態(tài)+語態(tài)+主謂一致+語氣

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.謂語在哪兒

TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助動詞或情態(tài)動詞須和實義動詞/系表結(jié)構(gòu)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語

Helooksaftertwoboys.

Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.？主語必須在句首嗎？？主語和謂語必須挨著嗎？？主語必須在謂語前面嗎？Theboy___diving.They

____diving.Both

Jack

and

Tim

___diving.Allof

them____diving.Neither

Jack

nor

Tim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Diving

____veryinteresting.is牛刀小試BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBoth

Mike

and

Bob____workers.areNeither

Mike

nor

Bob___ateacher.isBillNeither

of

them_________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knowsAllof

them______workers.Noneof

them____________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/

know找準(zhǔn)主語Eachofus___(have)thatbook.

Weeach_____(have)thatbook.hashaveTheholidaywehavebeenlookingforwardto________(come)es斷定謂語1或不可數(shù)≧2主語三個原則語法一致意義一致就近原則穩(wěn)！準(zhǔn)！謂語夯實基礎(chǔ)語法一致原則：主語為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞以及相當(dāng)于它們的結(jié)構(gòu)（動名詞、不定式、主語從句等）時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)詞形；而主語為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或多主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法一致原則Collectingstamps

ishishobby.集郵是他的愛好。Waterandair

are

needed.水和空氣都是必需的。解題關(guān)鍵：形Part1關(guān)注“特殊”名詞常用的絕對不可數(shù)名詞：clothing,equipment,baggage,fun,news,furniture,weather,advice,progress,information,jewelry等。1.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,shorts等以及goods,stairs,wages,surroundings,thanks,suburbs等,通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)（被apairof修飾時除外）。如:Theshoesare

dirty.鞋子臟了。

Thepair

ofshoesis

dirty.這雙鞋臟了。語法一致原則的幾種特殊情況：Fewofthecars_______checked.這些車幾乎都沒有被檢查過。Neitherofthestudents_____here.兩名學(xué)生都沒在這里。

were

is2.主語為不定代詞both,many,(a)few時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語為不定代詞each,either,neither,every-,some-,any-,no-時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。3.manya(n),morethanone與單數(shù)名詞組成短語作主語,謂語用單數(shù)。

Manyachild

hasseenit.許多孩子都看到了。

Morethanonemeans

hasbeentried.不只一種方法被嘗試過了。我是單數(shù)！意義一致原則意義一致原則：謂語形式不取決于主語的語法形式,而是其實際意義。有的名詞作主語在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的名詞作主語在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。解題關(guān)鍵：義Part2形意有別1.不定代詞all,most,some,any,none,half,partof,lotsof,plentyof,therest(of),thelast(of)以及名詞性物主代詞或分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語,謂語動詞視主語含義而定或與of后面的名詞保持一致。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整個蘋果都爛了。

are

is意義一致原則的幾種特殊情況：即學(xué)即練(語法填空)：1.Halfofthestudents________________(finish)

their

compositions.

一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。2.Morethan70%ofthesurfaceoftheearth____________(cover)withwater.

大于70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。3.Aboutonethirdofthebook____________(miss).

這本書的大約三分之一缺失了。havefinishediscoveredismissing2.單數(shù)形式集合名詞作主語,動詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，主要由句子的意思決定：強調(diào)整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；強調(diào)內(nèi)部成員時,謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有：

public,family,class,crowd,team,population,army,group,audience,club,company,union,government等。

Hisfamily

____hisgreatestconcern.

家人是他最大的牽掛。

His

family

____allmusiclovers.他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳窅酆谜?。但要注意：people（人們、人民）,police,cattle等集合名詞作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

Thepolice

were

presentatthespot,butonlyonepolicewoman

was

amongthem.

The

cattle

areeatinggrassonthehill.is

are

3.某些名詞以s結(jié)尾，表示學(xué)科、國名、書刊名、組織機構(gòu)名稱等，如：politics,physics,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations

等，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Physicsis

averyinterestingsubject.物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。

Rootsis

afamousAmericannovel.我是單數(shù)！4.有些名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)同形,作主語時,其謂語動詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:

means,works,series,species,crossroads;deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。

Noteverymeans

is

useful.

不是每種方法都好使。

Notallmeans

are

useful.

不是所有的方法都好使。5.時間、距離、價格、度量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時常表示一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Thirtyyears

is

notalongtime.

Tendollars

is

enough.

我是單數(shù)！6.主語是the+形容詞(或分詞)結(jié)構(gòu),表示類指，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，如:thepoor,therich,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,theblind,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed

等;但表示特指時（指個別）,

謂語形式則視語境而定。例如：Theblindstudy

in

specialschools.Thedeparted(死者)

was

awell-knownengineer.7.what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever)等引導(dǎo)的主語從句，其對應(yīng)的主句謂語應(yīng)視語境而定。如：

Whatweneedis

moreequipment.

Whatweneed

are

moreworkers.either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso

…,whether...or,or,not…but…在句子中連接并列主語時或者在therebe句型中出現(xiàn)并列主語時,謂語動詞要和臨近的主語保持一致。就近原則Eitherthechildorhisparents

arewrong.Iseitherthechildorhisparentswrong?解題關(guān)鍵：位Part3近水樓臺先得月！1.Notonlythestudentsbutalso

theteacherwishes

foraholiday.2.EitheryouorJane

is

tobesenttoChina.3.NeitherRichardnor

I

am

going.4.NotyoubutIam

wrong.5.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Sentencesasexamples:特殊句式/結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致問題

A.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時的主謂一致1.就近原則（略）2.

and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：1）指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：※bothAandB,※冠詞+Aand冠詞+B,※冠詞+AandB(A、B不兼容),Part4or(1)TheChineseandtheEnglishdictionary________(belong)tome.(2)Bothwaterandair_____(be)

needed.(3)Adoctorandnurse_________________(send)theresofar.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：belongarehavebeensent2）但如果連接兩個或以上的名詞共指同一個人或物,或者指同一概念時,謂語要用單數(shù)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：※冠詞+AandB(A、B兼容)

※冠詞+AandB（表示一套/副用具）※冠詞+AandB（表示混合物）我是單數(shù)！

Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.

那個歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。

Theknifeandfork____onthetable.

刀叉在桌子上。

Lotsofsandandmud____washedawaybyfloodseveryyear.每年大量的泥沙被洪水沖走。

isisis用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~形式填空：注意：兩個或兩個以上的不定式、動名詞或是從句做主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但是如果這個結(jié)構(gòu)指一個共同概念，仍然用單數(shù)。Whathesaysandwhathedoes

do

notagree.Earlytogotobedandearlytorise

makesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.即學(xué)即練：Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_____yet.A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided3.every/each/no/manya(n)…

+

and+[every/each/no/manya(n)]…結(jié)構(gòu)中，and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語,謂語動詞常使用單數(shù)。Everyboyand(every)girl

intheclassisdiligent.班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundand(no)voice

isheard.聽不到任何聲音。我是單數(shù)！找準(zhǔn)主語！

AliceisoneofthestudentswhoIamsurealways

dotheirbestinmostdifficultsituations.

AliceistheveryoneofthestudentswhoIamsurealwaysdoesherbestinmostdifficultsituations.B.其他特殊句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂一致

1.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。

Those

whoenjoy

singingmayjoinus.

Tom,whois

yourfriend,shouldhelpyou.2.強調(diào)句型中如果強調(diào)主語，要注意that/who后面的謂語形式與被強調(diào)的主語保持一致。Itis

I

that/whoam

yourbestfriend.我才是你最好的朋友。Itiswhatyoudo

ratherthanwhatyousaythat

matters.正是你做了什么而不是你說了什么才重要。3.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后面的主語一致。例如:

Betweenthetwowindows

hangs

apicture.

Onthemapexist

twocitiesbothcalledBirmingham.主語主語4.

主語后有介詞：with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,including,without,except,but,ratherthan等構(gòu)成的短語，謂語動詞的形式隨介詞前面的主語變化。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.

老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。主語

A.

Marytogetherwithherfriends_____（live)abroad.

B.

Allbutone______(be)herejustnow.

C.

Sheaswellastheotherteachers_____(be)goingtoanotherpark.

D.

Hisparents,

ratherthantheboy,

_____(be)toblame.

E.

Thepassengersincludingtheboy_____(be)excitedthen.

F.

Nooneexcept/butme______(know)aboutit.即學(xué)即練：liveswereisarewereknows1）a/this/that/

each/every+kind/sort/type/pair/seriesof…作主語,其謂語用單數(shù);several/these/those/all/different/various+kinds/sorts/types/pairs/seriesof…作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，men

ofthiskind結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

Thiskind

ofmenis

dangerous.

Men

ofthiskindare

dangerous.5.應(yīng)該注意的幾個主語修飾語:2）

a(n)number/total/variety/average

of+pl.

作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);thenumber/total/variety/averageof+pl.

作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。試比較：

Anumberofnewbooks

are

onthedesk.Thenumber/totalofstudentsinourclass

is

50.3）a(large)quantityof和

(large)quantitiesof均可修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時,前者謂語動詞依語境而定,后者謂語動詞只用復(fù)數(shù)。Alargequantityofmoney

is

neededhere.Alargequantityofnewbookswerepublishedlastyear.試對比:Quantities

offood/papers

were

onthetable.

Alargeamountof(=Agreatdealof)damagewas

doneinaveryshorttime.

Largeamountsofmoneywere

spentontheproject.4）alargeamountof和largeamountsof均修飾不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時,前者的謂語動詞用單數(shù);后者的謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Thenumberofteachershere_____(be)about300.Anumberofteachers_____(be)workinghardeveryday.Largequantitiesofwater______(be)sentthere.Alargequantityofbooks______(be)soldout.Heisoneoftheboyswho_____(have)beenthere.Heistheoneoftheboyswho_____(have)been

there.isarewereare

havehas即學(xué)即練：主謂一致問題解題思路解析結(jié)構(gòu)，明確主謂；三個原則，具體分析；謂語變形，四項兼顧；

定語從句、強調(diào)句、倒裝句、主語后有介詞短語或有定語、狀語、同位語語法一致意義一致就近原則主謂一致時態(tài)語態(tài)語氣Let'spractise!語法填空：1.Thegirllikeboys_____(like)playingfootball.2.

To

learn

two

languages

_____

(be)

not

easy.3.

______

(

be)

there

any

police

around?4.

What

he

gaveme

_____

(be)

someusefuladvice.5.

Three

months

___________(pass)sincethen.6.

Bread

and

butter

___

(be)

daily

food

in

the

west.7.

More

than

one

boy

__________

(be)

therebefore.8.

Bikes

of

this

new

type

_________

(make)

in

China.9.

Insidethewalls

_______

(stand)

atalltree.10.

The

agreeable

____

(be)

not

always

the

useful.likesisAreishaspassedishasbeenaremadestandsare單句改錯1:（1）Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar，talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.（2）Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.（3）Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.（4）Butthentherewasalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.（5）

Notall

informationaregoodtosociety.weregivesarewereis單句改錯2:（1）HerparentswereinShanghai,andsowashis.（2）Asisknowntousall,rememberingEnglishwordsarenoteasy.（3）Thepolicewaslookingforthemurderereverywhereinthecity.（4）WritingEnglishandspeakingitisdifferentthings.（5）Itistheparentsandtheirsonwhowantstobuythebicycle.（6）Whathesaidatthemeetingwereveryimportanttous.（7）

HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoTibet.單項選擇：1.

Asurveyoftheexperts’opinions______thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek________goodforone’shealth.A.

show；areB.

shows；isC.

show；isD.

shows；are

解析：“asurvey”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；表時間，距離，金錢的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。

答案：B2.

Welivedaybyday，butinthegreatthings，thetimeofdaysandweeks________sosmallthatadayisunimportant.A.

isB.

areC.

hasbeen

D.

havebeen

解析：主語是“thetime”，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

答案：A3.NotonlyIbutJaneandMary________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.

is

B.

are

C.am

D.be

解析：notonly...but(also)...連接并列主語要采取就近原則，此句主語應(yīng)是JaneandMary，故謂語為復(fù)數(shù)。

答案：B4.

MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths________alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.

areB.

isC.

being

D.

tobe

解析：主語為“大部分對Smith夫婦的說法”，看成單數(shù)，謂語動詞用is。

答案：B5.

Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.

isB.

areC.

wasD.

were

解析：apoetandartist指一個人，既是詩人，也是藝術(shù)家。

答案：A6.

Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.

isgoing

B.

goC.

goesD.

aregoing

解析：主語仍為thefather，單數(shù)形式；aswellashisthreechildren作句子的狀語，不影響謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

答案：C7.

________ofthelandinthatdistrict________coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.

Twofifth；isB.

Twofifth；areC.

Twofifths；isD.

Twofifths；are

解析：表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分子大于一，分母(序數(shù)詞形式)加s；主語為land，不可數(shù)，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

答案：C8.

Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.

isusedB.

areusedC.

hasbeenusedD.

havebeenused

解析：everypossiblemeans每一種可行的方式；means單復(fù)數(shù)同形，此句中為單數(shù)；表示“每種辦法都用過了”，用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。

答案：C9.

Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests，alarge________ofdesert________coveredtheland.A.

number；hasB.

quantity；hasC.

number；haveD.

quantity；have

解析：alargenumberof不修飾不可數(shù)名詞；alargequantityof＋不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。

答案：B10.

Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________thewinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.

is

B.

areC.

havebeen

D.

hasbeen

解析：有theonly修飾先行詞，其后的定語從句中謂語用單數(shù)。

答案：D11.

ThepopulationofChina________over1.3billionandeightypercentofitspopulation________peasants.A.

is；areB.

are；isC.

is；isD.

are；are

解析：population表示“人口”。當(dāng)表示人口數(shù)為多少時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果有分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。

答案：A12.Whoever________tosavethedrowninggirl________worthpraising.A.hashelped；isB.havelelped；isC.havehelped；are

D.hashelped；are

解析：whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句強調(diào)個體含義，故謂語也用單數(shù)。

答案：A

13.

Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother________toattendthemeetingtomorrowafternoon.A.

areB.

haveC.

isD.

had

解析：either...or...遵循就近一致的原則，因yourelderbrother為單數(shù)，句中謂語也用單數(shù)。

答案：C14.

30%ofthecattle________thin，buttherest________fat.A.

are；are

B.

is；isC.

is；areD.

are；is

解析：句中主語分別為thecattle/therestofthecattle，即“牛/余下的牛”