牛津深圳版英語九年級(jí)上冊(cè)u(píng)nit1知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)與練習(xí)題(無答案)

牛津深圳版英語九年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit1wisemeninhistoryArchimedes[.ɑ:ki’mi:di:z]公元前287年，阿基米德出生于西西里島(Sicilia)的敘拉古(Syracuse)(今意大利錫拉庫(kù)薩)。他出生于貴族，與敘拉古的赫農(nóng)王有親戚關(guān)系，家庭十分富有。阿基米德是古希臘偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家、力學(xué)家。他確立了杠桿定律，并稱“給我一個(gè)支點(diǎn)，我將移動(dòng)地球”；“GiveMeaPlacetoStand,andIWillMovetheEarth.”發(fā)現(xiàn)了流體靜力學(xué)的基本原理—阿基米德原理，并用來鑒別皇冠的真假；曾設(shè)計(jì)了許多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)械，對(duì)抗敵人的進(jìn)攻……浮力原理浮力原理簡(jiǎn)述：物體在液體中所獲得的浮力，等于它所排出液體的重量，即：F=G（式中F為物體所受浮力，G為物體排開液體所受重力）。該式變形可得（式中ρ為被排開液體密度，g為當(dāng)?shù)刂亓铀俣?，V為排開液體體積）相傳敘拉古赫農(nóng)王讓工匠替他做了一頂純金的王冠。但是在做好后，國(guó)王疑心工匠做的金冠并非純金，工匠私吞了黃金，但又不能破壞王冠，而這頂金冠確又與當(dāng)初交給金匠的純金一樣重。這個(gè)問題不僅難倒了國(guó)王，也使諸大臣們面面相覷。經(jīng)一大臣建議，國(guó)王請(qǐng)來阿基米德檢驗(yàn)。最初阿基米德對(duì)這個(gè)問題無計(jì)可施······有一天，他在家洗澡，當(dāng)他坐進(jìn)澡盆里時(shí)，看到水往外溢，突然想到可以用測(cè)定固體在水中排水量的辦法，來確定金冠的體積。他興奮地跳出澡盆，連衣服都顧不得穿上就跑了出去，大聲喊著“尤里卡！尤里卡！”（ερηκα，意思是“找到了”。）他經(jīng)過了進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)以后，便來到了王宮，他把王冠和同等重量的純金放在盛滿水的兩個(gè)盆里，比較兩盆溢出來的水，發(fā)現(xiàn)放王冠的盆里溢出來的水比另一盆多。這就說明王冠的體積比相同重量的純金的體積大，密度不相同，所以證明了王冠里摻進(jìn)了其他金屬。這次試驗(yàn)的意義遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大過查出金匠欺騙國(guó)王，阿基米德從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了浮力定律（阿基米德原理）：物體在液體中所獲得的浮力，等于它所排出液體的重量。（即廣為人知的排水法）Archimedesandthegoldencrown翻譯文章粗體的單詞或詞組OnedayinancientGreece,KingHieroaskedacrownmakertomakehimagoldencrown（wasveryhappywith（）it.“It’sanicecrown,isn’tit?”heaskedhismen.Later,however,hebegantodoubt（）.Atfirst,he）thatitwasareal（）goldencrown.“Isitmadecompletelyofgold?”hewondered.HesentittoArchimedesandaskedhimtofindoutthetruth（“Thisproblemseems（）.）difficulttosolve（）.WhatshouldIdo?”thoughtArchimedes.）hisbathwithwater.WhenhegotintoArchimedeswasstillthinkingaboutthisproblemashefilled（thebath,somewaterranover（）.“That’sit!”shoutedArchimedes.“Iknowhowtosolve（）theking’sproblem!”Archimedeswentstraighttothepalacetoseetheking.First,heweighedthecrownandaskedthekingforsomegoldofthesameweight.Next,heputtwopots（）intotwobigbowls（）andfilledbothpotswithwater.Heputthegoldintoonepotandsomewaterranintothebowl.Thenheputthecrownintotheotherpot.Thistime,evenmorewaterranintothebowl.“Lookatthis,”saidArchimedestoKingHiero.“Acrownmadecompletelyofgolddisplaces（）waterthanacrownmadeofgoldandanothermetal（）.Thiscrowndisplacedmorewaterthangold）thatit’snotcompletelymadeofgold.”）less（ofthesameweight,soI’mcertain（“Thecrownmakertrickedme,didn’the?Whatabadmanheis!”shoutedKingHiero.Hethensentthecrownmakertoprison（）.Newwords：名詞1.crownn.王冠；皇冠（s）2.Olympicsn.奧運(yùn)會(huì)Olympicgames奧運(yùn)會(huì)3.agreementn.同意；應(yīng)允Olympicadj.奧運(yùn)會(huì)的BeijingheldOlympicgamesin2008.agreev.同意（反義詞：disagree反對(duì)）用法：agreetodosthagreeto\onsth(計(jì)劃、建議…)agreewithsb4.confirmationn.證實(shí)confirmv.確認(rèn)，確定5.potn.罐（s）6.truthn.真相；實(shí)情tellthetruth說實(shí)話Hetoldatruestory.trueadj正確的，真實(shí)的cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)（realize）Ibelievemydreamwillcometrue.trulyadv.Itrulybelievewhathesaid.7.bowln.碗；盆（s）8.metaln.金屬9.prisonn.監(jiān)獄10.mistaken.(--error)錯(cuò)誤（s）makeamistake\mistakes犯錯(cuò)動(dòng)詞1.doubt（beunsureofsth.）v.不能肯定；懷疑1.）doubt+（of\about）名詞、代詞Idoubthisword.我懷疑他說的話?！皯岩伞盩heydoubtedhim.他們懷疑他。2.）doubt+從句懷疑A.Idoubtthat…=Idon’tbelievethat…我不相信Idoubtthathestolethatnecklace.B.Idoubtif\whether+從句我拿不準(zhǔn)Idoubtif\whethershewillkeepherword.2.seemv.好像；似乎1.)seem(tobe)+名詞\形容詞.Heseemed(tobe)verytired.Thatseems(tobe)agoodidea.2.)seem+動(dòng)詞不定式Heseemstohaveknownthetruth.3)Itseems\seemed+thatItseemedthathewasverytired.Itseemsthathehasknownthetruth.3.solvev.解決；處理(findthecorrectanswer)solvetheproblem解決這個(gè)問題solutionn.解決4.fillv.裝滿；注滿fillAwithB用B裝滿AHefilledthebottlewithwater.fulladj.滿的befullof裝滿；充滿Thebottleisfullofwater.形容詞1.goldenadj.金色的，金的goldn.金子Thecrownismadeofgold2.realadj.真的；正宗的【反：假的】arealgun一支真槍reallyadv.真正地Heisreallyill.I’mreallysorry.3.lessadj.（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）較少的little–less–leastlittle+不可數(shù)名詞“幾乎沒有”alittle+不可數(shù)名詞“有一點(diǎn)”few+可數(shù)名詞“幾乎沒有”few—fewer—fewestafew+可數(shù)名詞“有幾個(gè)”4.certainadj.確定的；肯定的(1)后接that/whether/if從句。Iamsure\certainthatheishonest.我肯定他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的(2)后接不定式。He’scertain\suretowin.他一定會(huì)成功。(3)后接of\aboutsthHeiscertain\sureofsuccess.他確信會(huì)成功。(4)后接ofdoingsthOurteamiscertain\sureofwinning我們隊(duì)有把贏。=Heissure[certain]thathewillwin.他自信會(huì)贏。certainlyadv.當(dāng)然可以=ofcourse5.correctadj.(right)正確的v.改正correctthemistakesUnit1課后練習(xí)【牛刀小試】一、根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成單詞。1.I’mquitein________(同意)withyourdecision.2.Thepolicesenthimto________(監(jiān)獄).3.Heisweakingrammar,andoftenmakesm_______.4.Ican’ts______theproblemalone.Canyouhelpme?5.Isthis_______(真的)gold?6.However,hebegantod________thatitwasarealgoldencrown.7.Shedesirestheg_______ringforherself.8.Iamc_____thatit’snotcompletelymadeofgold.9.Althoughmuchlessexperienced,hewontheb_____match.10.Thiscrownd_____morewaterthangoldofthesameweight.11.Howdoweknowyouaretellingthe_______?(true，truth，truly)12.Yourdreamwillcome_______(true，truth),ifyoustudyhard.13.Ican_____(true，truth，truly)sayI’veneverenjoyedmyselfsomuch.14.It’s_____(true，truth，truly)possiblethatrobotteacherswillbepopularinschoolssomeday.15.Couldyouhelpme_______thismathsproblem?(solve,solution)16.Ittakesmehalfanhourtofinda_______totheproblem.(solve，solution)Phrases：1.atfirst起初2.beveryhappywithsb.\sth對(duì)某人或某物滿意（beverypleased\satisfiedwithsb.\sth）3.bemadeof+材料（看得見原材料）由...制成bemadefrom+材料（看不見原材料）由...制成4.sendsth.tosb=sendsb.Sth把某物寄\送給某人5.fillsthwithsth（物質(zhì)名詞）=befullofsth.用…把…裝滿6.solvetheproblem解決問題7.gostraighttosp.徑直走向某地8.asksbforsb向某人要某物，要求某人做某事9.one...theother一個(gè)...另一個(gè)10.runover溢出11.send…toprison把…關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄12.findout查明13.thinkabout考慮，思考必背句子1.Later,however,hebegantodoubtthatitwasarealgoldencrown.2.HesentittoArchimedesandaskedhimtofindoutthetruth.3.SoI’mcertainthatit’snotcompletelymadeofgold.4.Hethansentthecrownmakertoprision.5.It’sanicecrown,isn’tit?6.Thisproblemseemsdifficulttosolve.7.Whatabadmanheis!8.Archimedeswasstillthinkingaboutthisproblemashefilledhisbathwithwater9.Iknowhowtosolvetheking’sproblem.howtosolvetheking’sproblem是“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作know的賓語。Idon’tknowwhattosay.10.Archimedeswentstraighttothepalacetoseetheking.toseetheking在句子作目的狀語。翻譯成“為了...”可以放在句子開頭，也可以放在末尾。Shegotupearlytocatchthebus二、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Thebottleisfilledwithoil,sopleasebecareful.A.isfulledwithD.isfulledofB.isfullofC.isfulledwith2.Lucyoftenfoolsheryoungerbrother,whichmakesherparentsangry.A.cheatsB.beatsC.tricksD.forgives3.Itissaidthathisnewbookconsistsofninechapters.A.ismadeupofB.isconnectedtoC.iscoveredwith4.Healwayscheatsher.Idoubtwhetherhewillmarryher.D.islocatedinA.feelsureB.knowC.amnotsureD.makenosure5.Thisproblemistoodifficultformetosolve.A.writedownB.findthecorrectanswerC.understandD.speak6.Histeacherisn’thappy_____hisexplanation.A.toB.inC.fromD.with7.WhenIheardmybabygirlsayherfirstword,myheartwas____withjoy.A.filledB.markedC.coveredD.happy8.Booksaremade____paperwhilepaperismainlymade_____wood.A.of，ofB.from，fromC.of，fromD.from，ofPlease_____theglass_____milk.A.fill;inB.filling;with10.AlltheChinesepeoplemustworkhard_______ChinaDream.A.torealize11.Howkindyouare！Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_____others.B.helpingD.tohelp9.C.fills;toD.fill;withB.realizeC.realizingA.helpC.helps12.Themathsproblemissohard.Ireallydon’tknowwhat_____.A.doB.todoC.doingD.did13.What’sthelow-carbonlifestylelike?Save_____energy,produce____carbon.A.more;more14.Lookatthesmog._____badweatheritis!A.HowB.HowaC.What15.Idon’tdoubt_____he’llcomesoon.A.ifB.howC.thatD.when16.Isentsomepostcards_____myfriends.B.atC.forD.withB.less;moreC.less;lessD.more;lessD.WhataA.to二.英漢互譯(be)happywithsend...toprison__________________________________fill...with...________________one...theother________________bemadeof考慮；思考找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)_________________溢出__________________________________________________解決問題________________向某人要某物________________趣味英語美文賞析：NevergiveupLifedoesn'talwaysgiveusthejoyswewant.生活并非總是如你所愿。Wedon'talwaysgetourhopesanddreams,andwedon'talwaysgetourownway.希望有時(shí)會(huì)落空，夢(mèng)想有時(shí)會(huì)破滅，我們不能一切隨心所愿。Butdon'tgiveuphope,becauseyoucanmakeadifferenceonesituationandonepersonatatime.但別放棄希望，因?yàn)槭挛锊⒎且怀刹蛔?；不同時(shí)間，不同場(chǎng)合，你會(huì)呈現(xiàn)不同的面貌。Lookforthebeautyaroundyou--innature,inothers,inyourself--andbelieveintheloveoffriends,family,andhumankind.處處留心你身邊的美吧－－自然中的，別人中的，你自己的－－請(qǐng)相信，美來自朋友、家庭乃至全人類的融融愛意。Youcanfindloveinasmileorahelpinghand,inathoughtfulgestureorakindword.Itisallaround,ifyoujustlookforit.一個(gè)微笑，援助之手，關(guān)心的舉止，友善的世界，無不傳達(dá)著愛。愛無所不在，如果你有尋找的話。Givelove,foringivingityouwillfindthepowerinlifealongwiththejoy,happiness,patience,andunderstanding.奉獻(xiàn)愛心吧，從中你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)生活的力量，感受生活帶來的幸福快樂，學(xué)會(huì)忍耐和理解。Believeinthegoodnessofothersandrememberthatangeranddepressioncanbecounteredbyloveandhope.相信人性本善。記住，愛心和希望能化解一切憤怒和沮喪。Evenwhenyoufeelasthoughthereisn'talotyoucandotochangeunhappinessorproblems,youcanalwaysdoalittle--andalittleatatimeeventuallymakesabigdifference.哪怕生活中揮之不去的不快和困難將你重重包圍，讓你力不從心，但你仍可以盡力而為。累積點(diǎn)滴努力，最終你將扭轉(zhuǎn)乾坤。英譯漢AprivateconversationLastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain.'Ican'thearaword!'Isaidangrily.‘It’snoneofyourbusiness,'theyoungmansaidrudely.'Thisisaprivateconversation!'.完形填空Mikewasreadinginthegardenwhenhismothercame.ShepointedtosomethingandaskedMikewhatitwas.Mikefeltquite46,buthetoldheritwasasparrow(庥雀)andgotbackintoreading.Severalminuteslater,hismotherpointedtothesamesparrowandaskedthesamequestionagain.Mikegotalittleangrybut47answeredherquestion.Afteralittlewhile,hismotherdidthesamethingoncemore.ThistimeMikecouldnot48hisanger.Heshoutedatherfor49himagainandagain.Theoldladysilently50anolddiary,turnedtoapageandshowedittoMike.Thoughalittleimpatient,Mikebegantoreadit."Today,IwaswateringtheflowersinthegardenwhenlittleMikepointedtoa51onthegrassandaskedmewhatitwas.I52athim,saiditwasasparrowandkissedhim.AfterawhileMikeaskedmeagainandIdidthesame.Pointingtothesamesparrow,littleMikeaskedmewhatitwastwentytimesandI53answeringhisquestionandkissinghimeverytime."SomethinggentlytouchedMike's54.Hisfaceturnedredwith55forbeingsoimpatienttohismotherandhehugged(掬抱)hertight.Yourparentshavegivenyoumanythingsintheirlifetime,butyoumaynotrealizethatuntiltheyaregone.46.A.angry47.A.stillB.lonelyB.alwaysB.leaveC.proudC.alreadyC.controlD.surprisedD.seldom48.A.show49.A.refusing50.A.setout51.A.foxD.discoverB.supportingC.encouragingD.disturbingB.tookoutC.putoutD.lookedoutD.rabbitB.frog(青蛙)C.bird52.A.threw53.A.putonB.smiledB.keptonC.shoutedD.laughedC.triedonD.dependedon54.A.faceB.mouthB.fearC.heartD.shoulder(肩膀)55.A.shameC.happinessD.kindness56.Whatdoyoulearnfromthispassage？語法填空DoyouspeakEnglish?Ihadanamusing1.