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初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及操練?一.冠詞:冠詞用在名詞的前面,有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a;an”之分。定冠詞表達(dá)“確指”,譯作“這(那)個(gè)”;不定冠詞表達(dá)“泛指”,譯作“一個(gè)”。例題解析:()__(dá)___ladyoverthereis_____universityteacher.A)A,the B)The,an C)The,a D)The,the“overthere”意為“那邊的”,是后置定語,它表達(dá)前面名詞“l(fā)ady”(女士)是“確指”的說法,因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”,是泛指的說法,因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”,因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Heprefersplaying___(dá)__pianotoplaying___(dá)__hockey.A)the,the B)the,/ C)/,/?D)/,the“piano”意為“鋼琴”,屬于樂器,規(guī)定前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”,屬于球類活動(dòng),規(guī)定不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。()Mr.Blackwasmade___(dá)__managerofourcompany.A)/?B)a?C)an?D)the“manager”表達(dá)被選的職位,前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。此外,冠詞尚有許多特殊的用法:1.由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前,要加定冠詞,如:theGreatWall(長(zhǎng)城)2.在拼音名詞前,一般不加任何冠詞,如:ThomasGreen;Changfeng3.在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名詞,也要加定冠詞“the”,如:theDongting4.一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a’;復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來表達(dá)“泛指”的意思。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?用A、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Thereis__(dá)___(dá)“u”in____(dá)_word“uniform.”.A)an,a B)an,the?C)a,a?? D)a,the()2._____signherestandsfor___(dá)__mistake.A)A,a B)A,the C)The,a?D)The,the()3.WemadeJoyce_____monitor____herexperience.A)a,because?B)the,because?C)/,becauseof?D)the,becauseof()4.TwomonthsagoMr.Greenwrote____articleonShanghaiInternationalArtFestival.A)the B)an C)a?D)/()5.Q:IsMr.White_____(dá)teacherofyourschool?A:Yes.___(dá)__teacherisfromAustralia.A)a,A?B)a,The?C)the,The?D)the,A()6.Paulis_____Europeanstudent.Helikestostudy__(dá)___historyofChina.A)a,the?B)a,/ C)an,the?D)an,/()7.Thisis__(dá)___(dá)honey.Asweallknow,_____(dá)honeyissweet.A)/,the?B)/,/?C)the,/ D)the,the()8.Theydidn'tcatchthelasttrainbecauseof__(dá)__(dá)_.A)someheavytraffics?B)anyheavytrafficC)heavytraffic?D)aheavytraffic()9.Itwon'ttakelong,it'sonly___(dá)__walk.A)ten-minutes B)tenminutes'?C)tenminutes D)ten-minute's二.名詞:名詞表達(dá)人或物體的名稱,有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter;Party)、集合名詞(family,class,police)、縮寫名詞(SARS,CEO,WTO)……等??傮w上說,它們可以提成兩大類;即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌?guī)定和變化。例題解析:()Hisgrandfat(yī)heris___(dá)__.A)RobertBobB)TomBlackC)KateWhiteD)BlackGreen英語中,人的姓名排列是倒過來的;先是名,即“firstname”,后為姓,即“secondname”,也可叫做“familyname”或“surname”。做這類題目,必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表達(dá)名字,哪個(gè)單詞是表達(dá)姓氏,名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說的是“爺爺”,是男名,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。()_____areplayingtennisintheplayground.A)TheBrownsB)TheBrown'sC)BrownsD)Brown's英語中,姓氏前加定冠詞“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()Becareful.Thereisa___(dá)__(dá)holeintheground.A)two-foot-deep?B)two-fee(cuò)t-dee(cuò)p?C)two-footdee(cuò)p?D)two-feetdee(cuò)p這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù)形式,在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞,因此,在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中,“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“at(yī)wo-foot-dee(cuò)phole”,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()He’sgotbadtoothache.He’dbettergoto_____.A)dentist?B)thedentist C)thedentist’s?D)seethedentists“去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“gotoseethedentist”或“gotothedentist’s”。后一個(gè)詞語中的“thedentist’s”表達(dá)“thedentist’sclinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()The_____teacherswonderedifthe_____studentswereintrouble.A)woman,boy B)woman,boys C)women,boy D)women,boys英語中,“女教師們”應(yīng)當(dāng)譯為“womenteachers”,而“男學(xué)生們”應(yīng)當(dāng)譯為“boystudents”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()___(dá)__(dá)camethatHoustonRocketwonagainandYaoMinggotthemostscores.A)Anews B)Message?C)Wo(hù)rd D)Words“據(jù)說”在英語中有多種說法:“Itwassaidthat”、“Wordcamethat”、“Newscamethat”、“Amessagecamethat”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Allofasudden,somethingonthegroundcaught_____(dá).A)hiseye B)hiseyes C)hisowneyes?D)eyesofhisown“catchone’seye”是固定詞組,意為“引起某人注意”;即“benoticedbysb.”。此句中,“eye”是“視線”之意,由“eyesight”演變而來。隨著語言的發(fā)展,一些詞語會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變,大體上都是朝“簡(jiǎn)樸化”方向發(fā)展,如:“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、“campsite”→“camp”、“inthedaytime”→“intheday”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()Theladywithlong_____foundherhusbandhadalreadygotthree(cuò)gray___(dá)__.A)hair,hair B)hair,hairs C)hairs,hair D)hairs,hair要掌握英語中哪些是可數(shù)名詞,哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì),要靠具體說法來判別。如這道題中的“hair”(頭發(fā))就是這類詞。前半句說的是“一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)”,是不可數(shù)名詞;后半句說的是“三根白發(fā)”,是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Hehasgot____(dá)_totellyou.A)agoodnews?B)somenewsC)alotnewsD)manynews()2.It’sseveno’clock.__(dá)___(dá)aresittingattable.A)Mr.Greens?B)TheGreen's C)TheGreens?D)Greens()3.Yourbrotheristhesame___(dá)___mine.A)oldas ??B)ageas ?C)oldlike ?D)agelike()4.Ourbodiesneedfoodtogiveus__(dá)____.A)health ?B)strong ?C)energy?? D)taste()5.Alemonisthesame_____(dá)_asabanana.A)yellow??B)colour ?C)fresh???D)sweet()6.Whatkindof___(dá)___doyoulikebest?A)watermelon B)thewatermelonC)awat(yī)ermelon D)watermelons()7.Lookatthismagazine.Let’sdothe______abouteatinghabits.A)quiz B)list?? C)cooking ?D)dinner三.代詞:代詞是名詞的代用詞,有指示代詞(this,those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I,me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either,others,anything,nobody)。其中,不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中,它們的變化和規(guī)定都不同樣,這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充足的結(jié)識(shí),不能掉以輕心。例題解析:()Wouldyoupleasegive___(dá)__?A)himit?B)ithim C)tohimit?D)ittohim英語中,當(dāng)直接賓語(人)與間接賓語(物)都用人稱代詞時(shí),一定要先講間接賓語(物)后講直接賓語(人),并且要在直接賓語(人)前加上介詞“to”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Shealwaysthinksof___(dá)__morethan_____(dá).A)others,her?B)theothers,she?C)others,herself?D)theothers,herself在英語中,“別人”屬于“泛指”,應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語。由于這里的“她”與主語的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人,因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語,要用反身代詞作賓語才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Somepeoplelikewatchingthesportsnews,____(dá)_preferTVseries.A)theothers B)theother C)others D)another在英語中,“一些……,另一些……”有兩種譯法:“Some…,theothers…”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況,而“Some…,others…”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息,而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”,顯然尚有其別人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Thelightintheroomwastoopoorfor_____(dá)toseeitclearly.A)everyone?B)someone?C)anyone D)none英語中,“too…to”意為“太……而不能”,具有否認(rèn)的含義。因此,“forsb.”中應(yīng)當(dāng)選運(yùn)用在否認(rèn)句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()_____thefuelhereisfromforeigncountries,sowemustmakefulluseofit.A)Some?B)Much C)Themostof D)Mostof帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前,應(yīng)當(dāng)用代詞詞組:“someof”(意為“其中一些”)、“muchof”(意為“其中許多”)、“mostof”(意為“其中大多數(shù)”)……等。“themoseof”(意為“其中最多的”)在本句中的譯法欠妥,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()CanyoucallonmymotheronSat(yī)urdayorSunday?I’mafraid__(dá)___dayispossibleA)either?B)each C)both?D)neither在英語中,有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語說法:“both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neither”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“noone”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“betwee(cuò)n”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意,答句應(yīng)當(dāng)是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Therearethreebathroomsinthehouse.Oneisupstairs,__(dá)___twoaredownstairs.A)other?B)theother?C)others D)theothers在英語中,“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種:“theothertwo”、“theothers”、“therest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室,“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)當(dāng)是“確指”的,因此,必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”,因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。()ThedishesonTableOnearemuchfewerthan___(dá)__onTableTwo.A)that B)those C)dishes?D)/要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性:這句是“thedishesonTableOne”(一桌上的菜)和“thedishesonTableTwo”(二桌上的菜)作比較,因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略?!埃鬶at”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù),因此,要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。()Therearemorepeopleinthisroomthan___(dá)__inthatone.A)that B)those?C)people?D)/要注旨在“Thereis…”或“Thereare…”的比較級(jí)句型中,習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?,用A、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Showyourwatch______me._____(dá)_isslow.A)to,Mine??B)to,My? C)for,Mine D)for,My()2.___(dá)___doyoulike__(dá)___(dá)_,thesummerholidaysorthewinterholidays?A)What,better B)What,best ?C)Which,better?D)Which,best()3.Shewrotealetterandenclosedaphotoof_____takeninherhousingestate.A)herself?B)her?C)her’s D)myself()4.ShetoldJack,Tomandmeto__(dá)___among__(dá)___.A)talkitover,us B)talkoverit,usC)talkitover,ourselves?D)talkoverit,ourselves()5.I’lldoitbymyself.Iwon’tneed____(dá)_help.A)anyone’selse?B)anyoneelse’s?C)anyoneothers’?D)otheranyone’s()6.Iheard__(dá)___untilmyfriendtoldmeaboutit.A)everything B)something?C)nothing?D)anything()7.Wouldyoulike_____(dá)morebread,Jack?A)any B)another?C)little?D)alittle()8.Onlyonestudentgottherightanswer.But_____(dá)didn’t.A)theother?B)another C)others?D)therest()9.Hedoesn'tthink__(dá)___ofthemwillgotherewithyou.A)none ?B)some ??C)many??D)much()10.Thefilmisdulland___(dá)__peoplelikeit.A)afew B)few??C)alittle D)little()11.Haveyouall_____?A)gotreadyeverything ? B)goteverythingreadyforC)goteverythingready D)gotreadyforeverything()12.Help__(dá)___tosomesweets,everyone.A)yourselves ?B)yourown C)yourself ?D)byyourself()13.Hehassixuncles.Fiveofthemaredoctorsand__(dá)___isadriver.A)another B)thesixth ?C)other D)theother()14.Believeornot,Ididitallby_______.A)me?B)us?C)myselfD)ourselves()15.A:Arethesetwobooksyours?B:No,____(dá)_ofthemismine.A)either B)none?C)bothD)neither()16.Neitherofthetwins__(dá)___thetoytrain.A)like B)likes?C)islike D)arelike四.數(shù)詞:數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分:基數(shù)詞表達(dá)數(shù)量概念;序數(shù)詞表達(dá)順序概念。一方面要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化,如:forty;ninth;twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓?。例題解析:()About_____studentswenttothepictureshowthatday.A)hundredsof B)twohundreds?C)twohundredof?D)twohundred“about”意為“大約”,是指具體數(shù)量,因此,不能用表達(dá)不定數(shù)量的詞語“hundredsof”(意為“成百個(gè)”)。在表達(dá)擬定數(shù)量時(shí),英語中的“hundred”不加“s”,即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒有定冠詞“the”,不是“其中”之意,因此,也不能加介詞“of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()___(dá)__of__(dá)___ClassFourstudentshavejoinedthesinginggroup.A)Three-fifths,the?B)Three-fifth,the C)Three-fifths,/ D)Three-fifth,/英語中,“幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞,中間用短橫“–”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí),分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組,即意為“其中的五分之三”,因此后面的名詞“students”必然是“確指”的,要加定冠詞“the”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是:不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“ClassFour”就不敢加定冠詞“the”,要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣,“theEnglishlanguage”詞語的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?用A、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.JohnhastwelvecoinsandJoanhas____(dá)_ones,three(cuò)timesasmanyasJohn.A)thirteen?B)fiftee(cuò)n?C)thirty-six D)forty-eight()2.Thepostcodeusedinourneighbourhoodis_____(dá).A)56348574?B)202333 C)aquarter?D)adozen()3.Todayisherbrother’sbirthday._____(dá)ison_____.A)She,fifthofMayB)She,Mayfifth?C)Hers,Mayfifth?D)Hers,Maythefifth()4.____(dá)_ofthestudentsgotoschoolbybike.A)Two-three? B)Two-thirds C)Two-three(cuò)s D)Two-third()5.Thereareabout____(dá)_seatsinthehall.A)twohundreds B)twohundred C)hundredsof? D)twohundredof()6.A:Howoftenshouldwepublishthepaper?B:_____.A)Inonewee(cuò)k’stime B)Onceamonth C)Aftertwoweeks D)Forhalfamonth()7.About___(dá)__thestudentswenttotheScienceA)hundredsof B)twohundredC)twohundredofD)twohundreds五.介詞:介詞是一種虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)使用,后面要跟名詞、人稱代詞賓格或動(dòng)名詞。同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,搭配不同的介詞,可以衍變出各種不同含義的詞組來,并且在不同場(chǎng)合所用介詞也各不相同。因此,介詞的用法是比較復(fù)雜的,規(guī)定我們?nèi)ブ饌€(gè)記住。只有在看懂、理解整個(gè)句意的前提下,才干選對(duì)對(duì)的的介詞。例題解析:()Mr.BrownflewtoWashington_____thenightbeforelast.?A)in B)on C)at D)/在表達(dá)某一天的具體時(shí)間時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞“on”。但是本句是表達(dá)“在前天的夜里”,與“在前天”(thedaybeforeyesterday)相仿,前面不該用任何介詞,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Theschoolgateis____(dá)__thenorthoftheclassroombuilding.A)in B)to?C)on D)at(yī)在英語中,表達(dá)“東、南、西、北”的方位介詞常見有三個(gè):表達(dá)在方位區(qū)域的內(nèi)部時(shí),用介詞“in”。如:Theplaygroundisinthesouthoftheschool.(操場(chǎng)在學(xué)校的南面。)表達(dá)在與方位區(qū)域連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞“on”。如:Room203isonthewestofRoom205.(203室在205室的西面。)表達(dá)在與方位區(qū)域不連壤的外部時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞“to”。如:ShanghaiistotheeastofNanjing.(上海在南京的東面。)本題的“校門”在“教學(xué)大樓”的北面,應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞“to”,所以答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”()You’llgetonethousanddollars_____.A)afterall?B)at(yī)all?C)inall D)alltogether“afterall”意為“到底”、“畢竟”、“終于”;“atall”通常與“not”連用,意為“完全不”、“一點(diǎn)也不”;“inall”通常用于數(shù)量詞后面,意為“總共”,同義詞是“altogether”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Thisbuscanrun_____70milesanhour.A)for B)with?C)at?D)in在表達(dá)“速度”、“溫度”、“價(jià)格”意思時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)用介詞“at”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()It’ssaidhestayedtherequietly_____(dá)twoo’clockthatafternoon.?A)on B)at(yī) C)until D)by“at(yī)twoo’clockthatafternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去進(jìn)行時(shí)”;“bytwoo’clockthat(yī)afternoon”意為“在昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘前”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“過去完畢時(shí)”;“untiltwoo’clockthatafternoon”意為“直到昨天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘”,時(shí)態(tài)通常用“一般過去時(shí)”。本句中“stay”是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞,因此可用“until”句型;假如句中謂語是瞬間動(dòng)詞的話,就應(yīng)當(dāng)用“not…until”句型了。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Tomdidn’tattendthelectureyesterdayevening__(dá)___(dá)hisillness.A)as B)for?C)because?D)becauseof在本句中,“由于生病”是一個(gè)詞語,而不是因素狀語從句,因此,不能選連詞“as”、“for”或“because”來連接,而要用介詞詞組“becauseof”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Nowit’squiteimportant_____ustomakefulluseoftime.A)for?B)to?C)of?D)with“It’simportanttosb.”(意為“它對(duì)某人來說很重要”)是詞語搭配,“It’s…forsb.todo…”(意為“做某事對(duì)某人來說是如何的”)是句型。當(dāng)兩者交叉、重疊使用時(shí),詞語要讓位于句型。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。同樣,“Ilikeitsomuchthat…”句型中用“so”、而不用“very”,也屬于這種類型的表達(dá)方式。()It’snice_____youtogettheticket__(dá)___(dá)F1.It’ssaidthecar-raceisveryexciting.A)of,for B)for,for C)of,of D)for,of這句是“It’s…ofsb.todo”句型,意為“某人真是怎么樣,做了某事”。后半句中“ticketfor”是固定詞語,意為“什么內(nèi)容的票子”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?用A、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.Youcandrawit_____(dá)_paintsandbrushes.A)by B)with ?C)in ??D)use()2.Whatdidyouhave__(dá)____(dá)breakfast?A)as ??B)with???C)about???D)for()3.Thepolice__(dá)___h(yuǎn)elpingtomakeourcityasafeplacetoliveandwork_____.A)is,in? B)are,in ?C)is,/ D)are,/()4.I’vegotthreequestion_____youtothinkabout.A)of? ?B)for?? C)give ??D)toshow()5.Wecanaskpeople____(dá)_theFestivaltodothequiz.A)in? ?B)on? ?C)at? ?D)for()6.Whathappenswhenweputsomesugar_____aglassofwarmwater?A)on ?B)off? C)out D)into()7._____theyarrivedatthevillageafterall.A)Attheend B)Intheend C)Last?D)Attentively()8.Theclassteacherwassent__(dá)___Christmascards__(dá)__(dá)_someofthestudents.A)to,by B)/,by?C)to,from D)/,to()9.Q:Whatisthatfilm_____?A:It’sasciencefilm.A)like?B)about?C)on?D)for()10.Whynotaskyourfriend_____someadviceifyou’rereallyintrouble?A)offer B)togive C)to?D)for()11.Thebeautifulhouseis_____(dá)sale.Butitwon’tbe__(dá)___sale.A)on,for B)for,on?C)with,for?D)with,on()12.Theweatherherewas_____(dá)coldlastweek.A)akind B)akindof?C)kindof D)kindsof()13.Thesinginggroupismade_____(dá)fourhandsomelads.A)of B)from?C)upof?D)upfrom()14.Something____(dá)_wrong_____mywatch,I'mafraid.A)is,with B)is,in C)are,with D)are,in()15.There__(dá)___amanandtwowomen____(dá)_thepicture.A)is,on ?B)are,in??C)are,on?D)is,in()16.Marydoesn’tknowwhatliesahead.__(dá)___,she’sonly12.A)AtallB)InallC)AfterallD)Forall()17.Shouldwe____(dá)_thepostage___(dá)__theparcelbyourselves?A)pay,on?B)pay,of?C)payfor,on D)payfor,of()18.Alice____(dá)_h(yuǎn)erservicetothepublic.A)wasawardedtheprizefor B)wasdeservedtogettheprizeforC)wasproudfor D)waspleasedfor六.動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞八種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和幾種變化形式八種時(shí)態(tài)積極語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(經(jīng)常,反復(fù),愛好,特點(diǎn),條件,真理)do;doesam;is;aredone一般過去時(shí)(過去發(fā)生的事,不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)did;-edwas;weredone一般將來時(shí)(將要發(fā)生的事)willdowillbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事)am;is;aredoingam;is;arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事)was;weredoingwas;werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)(過去發(fā)生的事,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)have;hasdonehave;hasbeendone過去完畢時(shí)(過去完畢的事;過去以前發(fā)生的事)haddonehadbeendone過去將來時(shí)(過去將要發(fā)生的事)woulddowouldbedone**************不定式:do;notdo;todo;nottodo命令式:do;don'tdo現(xiàn)在分詞:doing動(dòng)名詞:doing過去分詞:done例題解析:()Look.Mary__(dá)__(dá)_anicedog.She____(dá)_itjustnow.A)hasdrawn,drew B)drew,hasdrawn?C)isdrawing,drew D)isdrawing,hasdrawn在“Look”、“It’sevening”、“Whereissb.…?”等句子后面,也許要用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”,也有也許要用“現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)”。反正,要根據(jù)具體情況來具體分析,考慮問題一定要從整體情況著眼。本題后半句“justnow”意為“剛才”,很明顯要用“一般過去時(shí)”,因此前句如用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”就不妥,導(dǎo)致句意邏輯上的錯(cuò)誤。前句用“現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()Thiskindoffridge_____(dá)verywell.A)sellB)sellsC)aresold?D)issold在英語中,表達(dá)某物銷路不錯(cuò),要用表達(dá)“特點(diǎn)”的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,而不能用“被賣”這種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表達(dá)。由于本句主語“thiskindoffridge”是單數(shù)第三人稱,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“B”。()What_____(dá)Mr.Smith?Helooksworriedsomuch.A)happenswith?B)happensto C)happenedwith?D)happenedto在英語中,“發(fā)生”通常可譯為“happened”或“tookplace”,要注意它不能變“被動(dòng)語態(tài)”。本題之意是“史密斯先生發(fā)生了什么事?他顯得很焦急?!币虼?,“發(fā)生”不能用表達(dá)經(jīng)常行為的“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”形式,應(yīng)當(dāng)用“一般過去時(shí)”的“happenedtosb.”固定詞組來表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Mary:ShallItellMichaelaboutthenews?Jack:No,you_____(dá)_____(dá).He’salreadyknownit.A)can’t???B)?mustn’t?C)needn’t?D)don’t本題是考核情態(tài)動(dòng)詞句型的對(duì)的回答。在“MustIdo…?”、“ShallIdo…?”、“Wouldyoulikemetodo…?”問句后面都可以用“No,youneedn’t.”(不必要)來回答。本題根據(jù)后句的句意應(yīng)當(dāng)選此回答為妥。所以答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。在“MayI…?”問句后面,通常有以下幾種否認(rèn)回答:1.No,youmustn’t.2.No,youmaynot.3.Sorry,youcan’t.4.I’mafraidyoucan’t.5.No,youcan’t.()__(dá)__(dá)_clothesareusually_____nearafireinwinter.A)Washed,hung?B)Washed,hanged?C)Washing,hung?D)Washing,hanged“washed”意為“被洗過的”,可以修飾“衣服”;“washing”意為“正在洗的”,它該修飾人、不該修飾“衣服”。后句意為“被掛在火爐旁”,該用過去分詞“hung”才對(duì)?!癶anged”也是“hang”的過去分詞,但是它的意思是“被絞死”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()Thebook_____(dá)byme.I_____ittoafriendofmine.A)iswritten,sent? B)iswritten,havesentC)waswritten,sent??D)waswritten,havesent“書是被某人寫的”、“書是在某地方被寫的”都是表達(dá)發(fā)生在以前的動(dòng)作,該用一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如過說“書是被用英語寫的”,那就是指書的特點(diǎn)了,就該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)了。后半句意為“我把它寄給朋友了”是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在書不在我這里。不是強(qiáng)調(diào)過去寄的,不該用一般過去時(shí),而該用現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)。這種類型的時(shí)態(tài),學(xué)生最容易錯(cuò),千萬要注意。英語中有許多動(dòng)作是以前發(fā)生的、但沒有時(shí)間狀語的句子都用“現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。()Mr.Jackson___(dá)__thecityquitewellsincehe___(dá)__inthecityforacoupleofyears.A)knows,was?B)hasknown,was C)knows,hasbeen D)hasknown,hasbee(cuò)n本句中的“since”不是“自從”之意,因此,前半句與后半句用“現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)”和“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”的形式做是錯(cuò)誤的。本句中的“since”意為“由于”,與“as”近義。根據(jù)句意,“熟悉城市”是表達(dá)杰克遜先生的“特點(diǎn)”,要用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表達(dá);“他來到這個(gè)城市有兩、三年了”是表達(dá)成現(xiàn)在為止的結(jié)果情況,要用“現(xiàn)在完畢時(shí)”表達(dá)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”。()Couldyoutellme_____?A)howtodoit?B)whydoit??C)howtodo ?D)whattodoit由于“do”通常用作及物動(dòng)詞,因此要注意它有否賓語。要避免“C”的沒有賓語和“D”的重疊賓語的錯(cuò)誤?!癇”是不定式漏掉了“to”,所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。關(guān)于“do”的這種特點(diǎn)很重要,為了熟記它,可以背一句口訣:“howtodoit,whattodo”。()Englishishisfavouritesubject.Hecan_____itveryfluently.A)say?B)talk?C)speak D)tell由于后句“it”指的是“English”,因此要用動(dòng)詞“speak”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“C”?!埃鬭lk”是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面不跟賓語。“speak”既可作不及物動(dòng)詞用,也可作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語只能是語言?!皌ell”的賓語有限;有“astory”、“thedifference”、“thetruth”、“alie”、“thetime”等?!埃螅醳”可跟的賓語最多,不再一一例舉。由此句我們得到啟示;即我們?cè)谧隽?xí)題時(shí)不要被單詞的表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑,一定要看清楚它的內(nèi)涵,即注意到它的真正含義是什么。再舉兩個(gè)例子來說明注意內(nèi)涵的重要性:例1.ArecorderisusedtolearnEnglishinourclass.例2.HisspokenEnglishispoor.Heonlyspeaksawordofit.()Mr.Blackisthemanagerofthiscompany.He__(dá)___thiscompany.A)takeschargeof?B)isresponsibleto?C)isinthechargeof?D)hasthedutyfrom在英語中,“他負(fù)責(zé)這家公司”有多種說法,如:1.Heisinchargeofthiscompany.2.Hisjobistobeinchargeofthiscompany.3.Thiscompanyisinthechargeofhim.4.Heisresponsibleforthiscompany.5.Hehasthedutyofthiscompany.6.Hetakeschargeofthiscompany.在這里要注意動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系,不要記錯(cuò)了。本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“A”。()10.Please___(dá)__thecitymapbeforeyougosightsee(cuò)ing.A)lookat?B)havealook C)watch D)read在英語中,“看”在不同場(chǎng)合有不同的譯法?!發(fā)ookat”意為“粗略地看”;“havealook”意為“看一下”,其后不能跟賓語;“wat(yī)ch”意為“注視、仔細(xì)地看”,雖然可以跟“地圖”搭配,但是,它只是表達(dá)一種“看”的狀態(tài),沒有“查看路線”之意?!翱磿薄ⅰ翱吹貓D”都要用動(dòng)詞“read”,意為“閱讀”、“查看”。所以本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)選“D”。習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福茫?、B、C或D表達(dá),填入空格內(nèi)):()1.They____(dá)_anyfood.They’vegotplentyof_____forthepicnic.A)needn’t,it ?B)needn’t,them?C)don’tneed,it?D)don’tneed,them()2.Hisfavourite_____is__(dá)___ataxidriver.A)job,tobe ?B)job,/ ? C)work,tobe? D)work,/()3.Whydoes_____like_____(dá)thisuniform?A)henot,wearing?B)nothe,wearing?C)henot,wear?D)nothe,wear()4.Youcannotonlylearn_____(dá)makethedeliciousdrink,youcanalso___(dá)__it.A)to,eat B)to,eat ?C)howto,enjoy D)howto,enjoy()5.Haveyouall_____(dá)yourpensyet?A)prepared??B)preparedfor?C)preparation??D)preparationfor()6.Dannypractises_____twice____(dá)_week.A)toswim,a B)toswim,every?C)swimming,a D)swimming,every()7.Youmust_____(dá)tocatchfishherenearthepond.A)nottry??B)trynot???C)nottotry? D)totrynot()8.Whenwe_____ontheair-conditionerinsummer,wefee(cuò)lmorecomfortable.A)sit? ?B)put ??C)turn ?D)open()9.Wouldyoumind_____(dá)thewindow?A)myclosing B)myclose C)toclose?D)forclose()10.Theteacherkeptthepupils______forfivehours.A)waiting B)towait C)towaiting?D)waits()11.Mr.Green_____(dá)Chinaforsixyears.A)hasbee(cuò)nin B)hasbee(cuò)nto C)hascometo D)hasgoneto()12.Theycouldhardlyunderstandwhattheengineersaid,______(dá)?A)couldn'tthey B)didn'tthey?C)couldthey?D)didthey()13.Tellhim_____afraidofdogs.A)notbe B)nottobe?C)don'tbe?D)won'tbe()14.Ifhe_____heretomorrow,pleasetellhimwhenhisuncle__(dá)___.A)willcome,comesB)comes,comesC)comes,wileD)willcome,willcome()15.Thepostageontheparcel____(dá)_mealotofmoney.A)took B)spend C)paid D)cost()16.Haveyou_____whotookawayyourkey?A)found B)foundoutC)lookedfor D)got()17.Parisisn'tthecapitalofBritain,isit?_____.A)Yes,itis B)No,itisn't C)Yes,itisn'tD)No,itis()18.Thebossmadetheworkers___(dá)__forhours.A)work B)toworkC)working D)works()19.Myhopeis___(dá)__anengineerin10years'time.A)become B)tobecomeC)becomingD)became()20.Wewillgotothefactorytoworkfor_____.A)sometimes B)sometime?C)sometimes?D)sometime()21.Whichsubjectdoyou_____,Englishormaths?A)likebest B)preferbest C)likemost D)prefer()22.Ifitistrue,it_____manyinterestingquestions.A)israised B)roseC)raisesD)rises()23.Pleaseyourhandsifyou’vegottheanswer.A)putupB)setupC)getupD)makeup()24.Bytheageoften,thelittlegirlherfirstcollectionofpoems.She’snowveryfamous.A)haspublishedB)hadpublishedC)publishedD)wouldpublish()25.Maryshould____(dá)_at(yī)once.A)operateon B)beoperat(yī)edC)beoperatedonD)operate()26.Doyoumindmyusingyourdictionaryforawhile?__(dá)__(dá)_.A)OfcoursenotB)Yes,pleaseC)Itdoesn'tmatterD)Yes,hereyouare()27.Where____(dá)_?Totheteachers'office.A)haveyougone?B)hashegone?C)ishegoingto D)haveyoubeento()28.Please_____makethesamemistakeagain,Tom.A)don’ttryto B)trydon’tto C)trytonot D)trynotto()29.Q:_____you__(dá)___Jimthismorning?A:Yes.I___(dá)__himjustnow.A)Have…seen,saw? B)Did…see,sawC)Have…seen,havesee(cuò)n D)Did…see,haveseen()30.Englishisthelanguage_____inAustralia,isn’tit?A)using B)used?C)speaking?D)isspoken()31.Whenyougoout,don’tforgettokeepthewindows_____.A)open B)opening C)opened D)toopen()32.We___(dá)__(dá)theladywasgoodat(yī)skiing.A)told?B)wondered?C)wereasked?D)weretold()33.Sorry,I_____(dá)understandthebusinessletter.Becauseit__(dá)___writteninEnglish.A)don’t,is B)don’t,was C)didn’t,is D)didn’t,was()34.Someboysweresee(cuò)n_____intothehospital.A)going B)entering C)taking?D)tosend()35.He,withanotherpolicewoman,_____(dá)thestree(cuò)tsinCityCentre.A)walkon??B)walkaround?C)walkson D)walksaround()36.Thesoupbowl_____.___(dá)__it__(dá)__(dá)_yesterday?A)wasbroken,Was…broken B)isbroken,Was…brokenC)wasbroken,Did…break?D)isbroken,Has…broken()37.Unluckily,theywere_____(dá)withabigstormhalfway.A)caught B)comeacross?C)met D)happened()38.HeispooratspokenEnglish.Hecan’teven____(dá)_awordofit.A)say B)talk C)speak?D)tell()39.Jack_____(dá)beabsenttoday.Isawhimplayingintheplaygroundamomentago.?A)mustn’t B)needn’t?C)isn’tableto D)can’t()40.Youshouldgoon____(dá)_thetextuntilyou_____(dá)abletoreciteit.A)reading,are?B)reading,were?C)toread,willbe?D)toread,were()41.Q:Mustwedoeyeexerciseseveryday,MissLiu?A:I’mafraid__(dá)__(dá)_.A)youmustn’t B)youmust C)youneedn’t D)youcan’t()42.Wemay____(dá)_eachothersomewherebefore.A)meet?B)met?C)havemet?D)tomeet()43.Hedoesn’tknow_____next.A)howtodo B)what(yī)todoit C)whentodo?D)wheretogo()44.Theladythinkssheistoofat,andsheisplanning__(dá)___now.A)tokeepfit B)reducehisweight?C)togoonadiet?D)stopherfromeating()45.Thehouseisonfire.Let’sgoand_____thefiretogether.A)putoff?B)putout?C)putdown D)putaway()46.It’s____(dá)_thesedays.You’dbetter__(dá)___yourgreatcoatbeforeyougoout. A)snowing,in?B)snowy,wear C)snowing,haveon?D)snowy,puton()47.Hisfamilyusedto____(dá)_inthepast.A)gohungry B)behungry C)goinghungry?D)beinghungry()48.Neverforget___(dá)__“Excuseme”whenyoutroublesomeone.?A)tospeak?B)tosay?C)speaking?D)saying()49.Themusic____(dá)_sowonderfulthatIlikeditverymuch.A)looked? B)heard? C)listened D)sounded()50.Theflat_____h(yuǎn)imnearlyallhismoney.A)cost ?B)took??C)spent D)paid()51.Youmay____(dá)_thebookforanotherweek.A)borrow B)lend? ?C)keep ?D)hold()52.He____(dá)_gotoworkbybikebutnowhe__(dá)___takingabusA)isusedto,isusedto? ? B)usedto,usedtoC)isusedto,usedto? ???D)usedto,isusedto()53.Themusicisnice.Butit'stooloud.Please__(dá)___theradio.A)turndown B)turnup ?C)turnon??D)turnoff()54.A:___(dá)__Iplayfootbal

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