2023版高三英語一輪復習第1部分基礎知識解讀Unit2Heroes教師用書北師大版必修1

Unit2Heroes(對應學生用書第13頁)[單詞拼寫應用]Ⅰ.考綱單詞——會拼寫、要識記1．calmadj.鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的2．peacefullyadv. 和平地，平靜地3．reportern. 記者，通訊員4．wavevi.揮手示意，致意5．foundvt.建立，創(chuàng)立6．opinionn. 意見，看法，主張7．strugglen. 斗爭，拼搏8．unusualadj. 不平常的9．eventn. 競賽；事件10．qualityn. 質量；品質11．spaceship n. 太空船12．astronaut n. 宇航員13．flight n. 飛行；航班14．republic n. 共和國15．relationship n. 關系16．atmosphere n. 大氣；氣氛17．revolution n. 革命18．province n. 省19．march vi.&n. 游行示威；行軍20．brilliant adj. 卓越的21．athlete n. 運發(fā)動22．commit vt.犯(錯誤)，干(壞事)Ⅱ.派生單詞——能區(qū)分1．generousadj. 慷慨的，大方的→generouslyadv. 慷慨地，寬大地→generosityn. 慷慨，大方2．violentadj. 暴力的→violentlyadv. 猛烈地→violencen. 暴力3．charactern. 人物；性格→characteristicadj. 典型的；特有的4．explorevt.探測；勘探→explorationn. 探測；探究；探索5．personaladj. 個人的，私人的→personallyadv. 就自己而言6．equaladj. 平等的→equallyadv. 平等地→equalityn. 相等；平等7．skilln. 技巧→skilfuladj. 靈巧的，熟練的→skilfullyadv. 熟練地8．competevi.比賽，競爭→competitionn. 比賽→competitorn. 競爭者，對手→competitiveadj. 競爭的；比賽的9．amazevt.使驚異→amazedadj. 驚奇的，吃驚的→amazingadj. 令人驚異的10．fortunen. 運氣；財富；命運→fortunateadj. 幸運的→fortunatelyadv. 幸運地11．promotevt.促進，提升→promotionn. 提升；晉升；推銷12．injurevt.傷害，損害→injuryn. 傷害，損害→injuredadj. 受傷的13．reactvi.反響→reactionn. 反響14．disablevt.使殘疾，使不能→disabledadj. 殘疾的→disabilityn. 殘疾15．confidentadj. 自信的→confidentlyadv. 自信地→confidencen. 自信，信任16．admirevt.欽佩，羨慕→admirationn. 欽佩，羨慕17．absoluteadj. 絕對的→absolutelyadv. 當然；絕對地Ⅲ.語境應用(用所給詞的適當形式填空)1．Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife，collegesetsthestageforthatexploration．(explore)(2023·全國卷Ⅰ)2．TheInternethasmadedataabundant，all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition(compete)．(2023·江蘇高考)3．Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjured(injure)partsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.(2023·全國卷Ⅱ)4．Itisdifficulttopredicthisreaction(react)becauseheissomoody.5．Fortunately(fortunate)，theoldmanwassavedbyalittleboypassingby.6．Chinafirmlyadvocatestheequality(equal)ofallnations.7．TheviolentpicturesinwhichsomeJapanesesoldierswereviolentlyshootingtheChinesecivilianscalleduptheviolenceoftheinvaders.(violent)8．WhatamazedmemostwasthattheboyhadanamazingappetiteforAmericancountrymusic.(amaze)9．AsfarasI'mconcerned，theboyalwaysdoeseverythingconfidently，forheshowsstrongconfidenceindoingeverything.(confident)10．Heisakindandgenerousmanandhegenerouslycontributedalotofmoneytothevillageschoollastweek.Hisgenerosityisworthadmiring.(generous)[拓展聯(lián)想]“性格〞相關形容詞集錦①generous 慷慨的②intelligent 聰明的③devoted 有獻身精神的④energetic 有活力的⑤creative 富有創(chuàng)造力的⑥calm 鎮(zhèn)靜的“職場經歷〞相關動詞全掃描①appoint任命；委派②dismiss/fire 開除；解雇③interview 面試；采訪④resign 辭職⑤apply 申請⑥resume 簡歷[短語多維應用]Ⅰ.短語回憶——會默寫1．geton融洽相處；進展2．fartoo 太，極為3．comeoffit 別胡扯；別吹牛了；住口4．liftoff 發(fā)射，起飛，升空5．cometoanend 結束6．letout 解脫；放出去，發(fā)出；泄露7．inthecourseof 在……的過程中8．competeagainst 與……競爭9．millionsof 數百萬10．inmyopinion 在我看來11．onone'sown 單獨地，獨立地；靠自己12．giveup 放棄13．cometodosomething 開始(認識、理解)14．pullthrough 渡過難關；使從(受傷)中活下來Ⅱ.語境應用(用上述短語的適當形式填空)1．Shecan'tfinishthejobonherown．Itisquitedifficult.2．Thedoctorsdideverythingtheycouldtopullthroughthepatient.3．It'safartoolongjourneytomakeinoneday.4．Howdoweexplainwhenbabiescometoknowthingsthattheydidn'toriginallyknow?5．Eachtimeshemovedherleg，sheletoutasuddenscream.6．Thedoctormanagedtopersuademyuncletogiveupdrinkingsohishealthisalotbetter.7．Aliceisgoingtocompeteagainstheroldfriendinthesecondround.8．Theyhaveexpressedakeeninterestinworkingondesignaftertheirtenniscareerscometoanend．[拓展聯(lián)想]“依我看〞表達種種①asfarasIknow ②accordingtome③asfarasI'mconcerned ④personallyspeaking⑤frommypointofview ⑥asIseeit“參加，參與〞短語大團圓①takepartin②participatein③joinin ④haveahandin⑤goinfor[句式結構仿寫]教材原句——會背誦句式仿寫——能應用1.bedoing...when...“正在做……這時/那時……〞Weweredrivingalongacountrylanewhensuddenlyacardrovepastus.1.我正在看電視，這時有人敲門。IwaswatchingTVwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.2.with復合結構作狀語Jenniferwasinthekitchen，withherhandsinabowlofflour，whenshesawasmallboyclimbintoatruck.2.20分鐘之后，他眼里含著淚離開了。Twentyminuteslater，heleftwithtearsinhiseyes.3.狀語從句的省略Brandi，thesisters'mother，taughtherdaughtersathomesothattheycompletedtheirhighschoolwhiledevelopingtheirtenniscareers.3.當談到她的首次太空之旅時，女宇航員劉洋顯得很沖動。Whenreferringto/talkingaboutherfirstspacetravel，thefemaleastronautLiuYangbecameveryexcited.4.祈使句＋and＋陳述句GivemeachallengeandI'llmeetitwithjoy.4.如果把你所有的錢給我，我就讓你去。GivemeallyourmoneyandIwillletyougo.(對應學生用書第15頁)精講7個考綱單詞charactern．品格，品質；特征，特性；(小說、戲劇中的)人物，角色；(漢)字，字體；性格[高考佳句]Wewererespectfulofcraftandfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.(2023·全國卷Ⅱ)我們尊重技藝并潛心鉆研我們要表演的角色。(1)in/outofone'scharacter符合/不符合某人的性格inthecharacterof 以……的資格；扮演……的角色incharacterwithsth. (與……)風格相同(2)characteristicadj.特有的；表示特性的；典型的n. 特性；特征①Ican'tbelievesheliedtome—itissooutofhercharacter.我想不到她會對我撒謊，這不符合她的個性。②Hescoredagreatsuccessinthecharacterofaworkman.他在扮演工人的角色上取得了很大成功。③Dudokaloneshapedmostof20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsstillbearitsuniquecharacteristics(character)．杜多克一個人設計了二十世紀希爾弗瑟姆大局部建筑物，大約75座建筑物仍然有它獨特的特點。[語境助記]Onemayonlyhaveacharacter，butmayhavemanycharacteristics，allofwhichmakeupone'scharacter.一個人可能只有一種性格，但可能有多種特征或特點，所有這些特征或特點便構成了一個人的品質。equaladj.平等的；相等的；勝任的n．(地位等)相同的人；對手；相等的事物vt.等于，比得上[教材原句]Kingdidn'twanttobecausehebelievedblackandwhitepeopleshouldenjoyequalrights.金不想(讓座)是因為他認為黑人與白人應該享有平等的權利。(1)beequalto(doing)sth.等于/勝任(做)某事AequalsBin... A在……方面比得上B(2)equalityn. 平等equallyadv. 相等地；同等地；同樣地①Anymanwillbeequaltothetask，solongasheiscareful.只要細心，任何一個人都能勝任這份工作。②Theislandisequally(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.因為春秋兩個季節(jié)的天氣都非常怡人，所以這個小島在這兩個季節(jié)都很吸引人。鏈接寫作【導學號：33220005】我已成為第十三屆全運會的志愿者，我想我能勝任我的工作。(2023·天津高考)①(普通表達)Ihavealreadybeenavolunteerforthe13thNationalGamesandIthinkIcandowell．②(高級表達)Ihavealreadybeenavolunteerforthe13thNationalGames，which，Ithink，Iwillbeequalto．strugglevi.&n．斗爭；拼搏；努力；掙扎[經典例句]Lisastruggledwithherconsciencebeforetalkingtothepolice.(牛津詞典)莉薩經過一番良心的斗爭，終于對警方說了。strugglefor為……而斗爭strugglewith/againstsb./sth. 與某人/某物作斗爭struggletodosth. 努力做某事struggletoone'sfeet 掙扎著站起來①Shestruggledtogetawayfromtheattacker.她掙扎著想擺脫那個侵犯她的人。②Shestruggledtoherfeetandcontinuedwalking.她掙扎著站起來，繼續(xù)走。③Wehavetostrugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties.我們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭。鏈接寫作孩子們說話的聲音那么大以至于我不得不努力才能讓別人聽見我。ThechildrentalkedsoloudlythatIhadtostruggletobeheard．(struggletodosth.)competevi.比賽，競爭[教材原句]Hehasalwaysbeenverystrictwithhisdaughters，trainingthemhardtocompeteagainsteachother.他一直都嚴格要求他的女兒們，努力地訓練她們去互相競爭。(1)competefor...為……而競爭competewith/against... 與……競爭competein... 在……方面競爭(2)competitionn. 競爭，競賽competitorn. 參賽者；對手competitiveadj.競爭性的①Athletesfrommanycountrieswillcompetewitheachotherforthefirstgoldmedalinthe2023TokyoOlympicGames.來自許多國家的運發(fā)動將會為獲得2023年東京奧運會的第一枚金牌而彼此競爭。②Nobodycanentirelykeepawayfromthiscompetitive(compete)world.沒有人能夠完全遠離這個充滿競爭的世界。③Youngchildrenusuallycompetefortheirmothers'attention.小孩通常都會在母親面前爭寵。promotevt.促進，提升[高考佳句]Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.(2023·浙江高考)政府主張這會更好地幫助外國人融入到社會中并促進跨文化理解。(1)promote...as...把……提升為……promotesb.tosth. 提升/晉升到……(職位)promote...from...to... 把……從……提升到……(2)promotern. 發(fā)起者，贊助者promotionn. 提升；提拔；晉升；促進，推銷①Hefoughtbravelyandwassoonpromotedfromacaptaintoageneral.他作戰(zhàn)勇敢，不久便從上尉提升為將軍。②Herpromotion(promote)toSalesManagertookeveryonebysurprise.竟然提拔她當銷售經理，這讓每個人都感到意外。鏈接寫作【導學號：33220006】①湯姆提出了一個促銷這種產品的好方法。Tomcameupwithagoodideatopromotethesalesoftheproduct.②湯姆得到了晉升。Tomgotpromoted.③將①②合并為含原因狀語從句的復合句Tomgotpromotedbecausehecameupwithagoodideatopromotethesalesoftheproduct.reactvi.反響；發(fā)生作用[高考佳句]Beforeshecouldreact，Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn'tneedtokeepitasecretfromme.(2023·上海高考·短文填詞)她還沒有來得及反響過來，我就緊緊地抱著她并告訴她這件事情不必對我保密。reactto 對……作出反響reactwith 與……起(化學)反響reactagainst 反對；對抗reacton/upon 對……有影響①Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.孩子們通常以違背父母的意愿來對抗他們。②Theriseofthechargesforwaterandelectricitywillreacton/uponlivingexpenses.水電費的提高將對生活費用產生影響。admirevt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕；欣賞，欣賞[高考佳句]HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.(2023·重慶高考·閱讀理解)他覺察荷馬在兩千年之后仍然受人仰慕。(1)admiresb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事仰慕某人(2)admirationn. 欽佩；贊美；羨慕express/haveadmirationforsb./sth.(表示)羨慕/欽佩某人/物in/withadmiration 欽佩地；羨慕地①ManypeoplearoundtheworldadmireChinaforitsgreatcontributionstotheworldpeace.世界各地的許多人欽佩中國對世界和平所做的巨大奉獻。②I'dliketoexpressmyadmirationforthecourageanduncomplainingspiritofthefirefighters.我對消防員們的勇敢和毫無怨言的精神表示欽佩。③ThemomentJackieChanappeared，allthefanslookedathimwithadmiration(admire)．成龍一出現，所有影迷都欽佩地看著他。詮釋3個核心短語giveup放棄；戒除；讓給；停止[經典例句]IgaveupgoingtothetheatrewhenImovedoutofLondon.(朗文辭典)我搬出倫敦以后就不再去看戲了。giveup(doing)sth.放棄/停止/戒除(做)某事giveoneselfup 自首，投降giveaway 贈送；分發(fā)；泄露；出賣givein 屈服，讓步，投降(后接to)giveoff 發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)giveout 分發(fā)；公布；精疲力竭；用完，耗盡①Myfathercouldhardlycontainhisprideinme，andmymothereventuallygaveinbeforemysuccess.父親為我感到十分驕傲，母親在我的成功面前也最終做出了讓步。②Ifshehadonlyonepound，shewouldbeverylikelytogiveawayfiftypenceofit.假設她只有一英鎊的話，她很可能會捐出五十便士。③Ifplasticandrubberareburnt，they'llgiveoffpoisonousgases.如果塑料和橡膠被燃燒，它們會釋放出有毒的氣體。鏈接寫作【導學號：33220007】既然你經?？人裕銘摻錈?。①Yououghttogiveupsmokingsinceyouoftencough.②Yououghttostopsmokingsinceyouoftencough.pullthrough使從(受傷)中活下來；渡過難關(危機)；克服/戰(zhàn)勝(困難)；(大病、手術等后)康復，痊愈[經典例句]Thedoctorsthinkshewillpullthrough.(牛津詞典)醫(yī)生相信她將康復。pullaway 開動；逃走pullback 撤退；退卻；翻盤pullover 讓車，向路邊?？縫ullout 拔掉；離開；(火車)離站pullin 到站；(火車)進站pullup 向上拉；(使)停下pulltogether 齊心協(xié)力pulldown 拆毀；摧毀；推翻①Ourforcepulledbackinordertomisleadtheenemy.我們的部隊撤退是為了迷惑敵人。②Ihadabadtoothpulledoutyesterday.我昨天拔了一顆蛀牙。③WesoonpullupbythehouseandItellherwhatitwaslikehere，thememoriesrushingback，swiftasthetide.我們很快在那座房子前停下了車，我告訴她房子是什么樣子，記憶如潮水般快速涌回腦海。④Wordcamethattheoldbuildingsinthisareawouldbepulleddowntobuildupanamusementpark.消息傳來說這一地區(qū)的舊建筑物將被撤除來建一個游樂場。geton融洽相處；進展；上(車、船等)；繼續(xù)進行下去[教材原句]UnderstandinghiswifehelpsChristophergetonwellwithher.了解妻子有助于克里斯多夫與她更好地相處。getalongwith 進展；與……和睦相處getabout/round 傳播；流傳；四處走動getacross(tosb.) 講清楚；被領會getdownto 開始認真做getover 克服；控制；恢復過來getawaywith 做錯事未受懲罰①Besides，I'measytogetalongwithandIliketomakefriends.而且，我容易相處，也喜歡交朋友。②Imustgetdowntostudytonight，asIhaveanexamnextweek.我今晚必須開始認真學習，因為下周要考試。③Ittookmeanhourtogetacrossmyintentiontoher.我花了一個小時的時間才使她明白了我的意圖。突破2個高考句型(教材P23)MillionsofpeoplealloverChinawerewatchingTVwhenthespaceshiplandedsafely.全中國億萬人民都正在觀看電視直播，這時飛船平安著陸了。werewatching...when...為“bedoing...when...〞句型，意為“正在做……，這時(突然……)〞，when為并列連詞。當when用作并列連詞時，全句重心在when引導的句子上。其中when不能換成while，as，then等。①Hewaslyinginbedwhensomethinglikeasmokealarmstruckhisears.他正躺在床上，突然聽到了像煙霧警報器之類的聲音。when作并列連詞時的其他常用句型：eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(beabouttodo...when...正打算做……這時……,beonthepointofdoing...when...,正要做……這時……))②Shewasjustabouttoopen(open)thewindowandshoutatthedogtofrightenitwhenshestoppedandstoodquitestill.她正要開窗朝狗大喊來嚇嚇它，突然她停下來，站著不動了。(教材P23)Jenniferwasinthekitchen，withherhandsinabowlofflour...珍妮弗在廚房里，雙手在面盆里和面……withherhandsinabowlofflour是with復合結構，在句中作伴隨狀語?！皐ith＋賓語＋賓語補足語〞構成with復合結構，在句中通常作狀語，表示原因、時間、方式、伴隨等。有時也可以作定語，說明所修飾名詞的特征。其具體構成為：with＋賓語＋賓補eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容詞/副詞/名詞,介詞短語,不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞))①Withhomeworkfinished(finish)，theywenthomehappily.做完作業(yè)后，他們高快樂興地回家了。②Theyoungwoman，withababysleeping(sleep)inherarms，waswanderinginthestreet.那位年輕的婦女，抱著一個熟睡的嬰兒，漫步在大街上。③Withsomanyessaystowrite(write)，hewon'thavetimetogoshoppingthismorning.有那么多文章要寫，他今天早上沒有時間去買東西。[名師點津]在“with＋賓語＋賓補〞結構中，不定式表示將來的動作；現在分詞說明這一動作和前面的賓語之間是主動關系，或者指這一動作正在進行；過去分詞說明這一動作與前面的賓語之間是被動關系，或者指這一動作已完成。鏈接寫作【導學號：33220008】那時我有一個重要的會議要去參加，所以我們必須另約時間。(2023·全國卷Ⅲ)①(普通表達)BecauseIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend，wehavetomakeitforanothertime.②(高級表達)Withanimportantmeetingtoattend，Ihavetomakeitforanothertimewithyou.[多角快練]——練單詞練短語練句型————————————————(對應學生用書第18頁)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Howishegettingon/alongwiththatnovelheiswriting?2．Iwasstillsleepingwhenafirebrokeoutandthenitspreadquickly.3．Evenifinvited(invite)，Iwon'tgotosuchabadlecture.4．Ihavetraveled(travel)tomostofthecitiesinChinasincefiveyearsago.5．Hewasrobbedlastnight，butfortunately(fortunate)hedidn'thavemuchmoneyonhimthen.6．Intimeyouwillcometoknow(know)themeaningofwhatIsaid.7．Asisknowntoall，theyoungmanisaveryskilful(skill)engineer.8．Susanhasjustgotpromoted(promote)，whichmakesherfamilyverypleased.9．Determinedtogiveupsmoking(smoke)，hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.10．Theeconomicsituationwasserious，butwepulledthrough．Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundnomorethan5，500yearsago.found→founded2．Withalotofworkdo，Ihavenotimetogooutwithyou.work后加to3．Largequantitiesofinformationhadbeenofferedsincetheorganizationwasbuilt.had→have4．It'sgenerousforyoutogivemesomuchhelp.for→of5．Inouropinions，thispolicyiscompletelysuitedtoourpresentsituation.opinions→opinion(對應學生用書第19頁)Ⅰ.課文語法填空請根據Lesson1的課文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。China'sfirstmannedspaceshiplifted1.offinJiuquan，GansuProvince.Thespaceship，calledShenzhouV，2.carried(carry)China'sfirstastronaut，YangLiwei，whostartedtrainingforhisspaceflightin1998.Whenthespaceshipwasdoi