2023年職稱英語考試理工類A級閱讀理解練習題及答案

２02３年職稱英語考試理工類A級-閱讀理解練習題及答案APhoneThatKnowｓYou＇reBuｓｙIt＇samodｅｒｎｐroｂｌem:yoｕ'ｒetｏｏbｕsyｔobedisｔurbedbyincｅsｓant(連續(xù)不斷的）ｐｈonｅcallsｓｏyoｕtuｒｎyｏurcelｌｐhonｅｏff.Butiｆyｏudｏn＇treｍemｂｅｒtoｔurnitbackoｎwhenyou＇relessbusｙ．yoｕcouldｍisssoｍeｉｍpｏrtaｎtcaｌlsｉfonlythephoneｋneｗｗｈenitwaｓｗiｓeｔoｉntｅrｒｕptyou,yoｕｗouldn'ｔｈaｖetotｕrnｉtｏffａt(yī)all.Insｔead，ｉｔcouldletｃａｌｌsthｒoｕghwｈｅｎyｏｕａrenottｏobusｙAbｕnchofbehａviorseｎｓors(傳感器)ａｎdacleverｐieceofｓoftwaｒeｃｏuｌｄdoｊustthat,byａｎalｙzｉngyouｒbehaviortodｅｔerｍｉneifit'saｇooｄtimetｏinterruptyou.Ifｂuiltｉntoaphｏne,thｅｓyｓtｅmmaydecｉｄeyｏu＇reｔoobｕsyａndasktｈeｃallertoleaveamｅssａgeｏrringbacklａt(yī)er.JamesFogaｒtｙａnｄScｏttHudsoｎatCameｇiｅMeｌlonUniｖersｉtyiｎPeｎnsｙlvａniａbasｅdthｅirsｙsｔemoiｌtinymicｒoｐhｏnes,cａmeｒasandtｏuchseｎsorsｔhａt(yī)ｒevｅalｂodyｌaｎguageaｎdactivity.FｉrｓttheyhａdtostｕdydifｆereｎtbehaviｏｒstofiｎdoutwhｉcｈonｅssｔonglypredｉctwhetherｙourｍiｎdｉsinterruptｅｄＴhｅpｏtenｔiaｌ＂ｂｕsyness＂signalｓｔhｅyfｏcuseｄｏｎincｌuｄedwｈethｅｒｔheoffｉcedoｏrsｗerelefｔoｐｅnoｒcｌｏseｄ，thetiｍeｏｆｄａy,ifｏｔheｒpeｏplewｅrewiｔhtｈeｐeｒsonｉｎquestion,ｈoｗｃlosethｅywerｅtoeａcｈotｈer，andwhetｈerornotｔｈecomｐutｅrwaｓｉnuse．Tｈeseｎsorsmｏｎｉｔｏredtheｓeandｍanyothｅｒｆactoｒswhilefｏｕｒsubjectswereatwork．Ａｔｒandomｉntｅrｖalｓ,thesｕbｊecｔsratedｈowinterrupｔibｌeｔheywerｅonasｃaｌeranginｇfｒom"ｈigｈｌyｉntｅrruptiｂle''tｏ"highlynoｔ－iｎｔeｒｒupｔibｌe".Theｉrratingswｅｒetｈencorrelaｔedwｉthtｈevａrｉousbehａviorｓ.＂Ｉtisａｓhotｇun（隨意的)ａpprｏach：weｕseｄａllｔheindicatorswecouldthｉnkofandtｈenletsｔatisｔicsfindoｕtwhｉchwereimpoｒｔanｔ,"saysHudsonＴhemｏdelsｈoweｄthａｔusｉｎgthekｅybｏarｄ，aｎｄtalｋｉnｇｏｎalaｎdlineｏｒtosｏmeonｅeｌseiｎtｈｅofficecorrelａt(yī)edmostsｔrｏnglywitｈhowintｅｒｒｕptiｂｌetheｓubjectsjudgeｄthemseｌvestobe.Inｔerestｉngly,thecｏmｐuterwaｓacｔuａlｌｙbetｔeｒthanｐeoplｅatpredictiｎgwhensomｅonewａstoobusyｔｏbｅiｎｔerrｕpted.Thecomputｅrgｏｔitrｉgｈt８２peｒceｎtoftheｔime，humanｓ77percｅnt.Ｆoｇａrtｙspeculateｓｔｈatｔhisｍightbebecausepeoｐleｄoingｔheｉｎｔｅrｒuptingareinｅvitablｙbiaseｄtoｗaｒdsｄelｉｖeriｎｇthｅirmessage,wheｒeascomputｅrｓdoｎ'tcaｒe．ＴhefirstapplicatiｏnforＨｕdsonandFoｇａrty＇ssystemislikｅlyｔobeinaｎiｎｓtanｔｍeｓsａｇingsystem，folｌowedbyoｆficephoｎesandcellphｏｎes．"Ｔheｒｅisnoｔechnoloｇｉｃａlｒｏadblocｋ(障礙）toitbeｉngdeｐloyeｄｉｎacoｕpleoｆyｅars，"sayｓHudｓon36Abiｇprobｌｅmfaciｎgｐeoplｅtodayisthａt(yī)Atheymuｓttoｌeｒatephoｎedistｕrbancesoｒmｉｓsimportantcａlls.Btｈeymｕｓtｔｕrnofｆtheirphｏnestokeepｔheｉrｈomeｓｑｕｉet.Ctｈeyhａvetosｗitchｆｒｏmadesｋtoppｈoneｔｏａｃellpｈonｅ.Ｄｔhｅｙaretoｏｂusytｏmakephonecalls.３7ThebehaviｏrｓensoraｎdｓofｔwａrｅsystｅmbuilｔｉnaphｏneAｃｏuｌdｈｅｌpsｔoｒｅmesｓaｇes．ＢcouldsendmessageｓinsｔａntｌｙCcouldtｅllwhenitiswiｓetoinｔerｒｕｐtyou.Dcouｌdidｅｎtｉｆｙｉｍpｏｒｔａntpｈｏnecalｌs.3８ScieｎtｉstｓatCarｎegieAｗhｙoffｉcedｏorｓｗereoften1ｅftｏｐen.Ｂwｈeｎiｔwaｓagoodtimetoｔurｎoffthecoｍpｕteｒ.Cｗhatqｕｅｓｔｉｏnsoffｉceｗorkersweｒebotherｅdwｉtｈ.Ｄwhichbehａvioｒsｃouldtelｌwhｅtheｒapeｒsｏnwasｂusｙ39Duｒingtheｅxperiment，ｔheｓubjectsｗereaskedAｔocｏｎｔｒoltheseｎsorsandtheｃamera.Bｔｏrａt(yī)ｅthedｅgｒeestｏｗhichtｈeycouｌdbeｉnterruｐted.Ｃtocoｍｐａｒetheiｒbeｈaviorswiｔｈoｔhers'.Dtoanalyzealltheindｉcaｔorsoｆｉｎtｅｒrupｔiｏn.40TｈecompｕtｅrperformedbｅtteｒthaｎpeｏpleinthestudyｂecauseAthecompｕterｗoｒkeｄhardeｒ.BthecｏmpuｔｅrwasnｏtｂusyCpeopｌetendedtoｂｅｂｉaｓeｄ．Dpeoｐlewerenotｇoodａｔstａt(yī)isｔics.參考答案:３6A該題問的是：當今人們面臨的一個大的問題是什么?文章第~句就給出了答案:人們太忙了,不能被連續(xù)不斷的電話騷擾。要么關閉手機。37c第二段中的ｔｈat是代詞，指上段最后兩旬句子的內(nèi)容。而答案在第一句的后半部分:擬定何時適合打擾你。３８D本題題干的意思是在CamｅｇieMelｌon大學的科學家試圖找出……?答案在第三段最后一句,第四段第一句也給出了部分答案。３9B本題問的是實驗中,受試者被規(guī)定干什么?答案在第五段第二句：受試者對是否可被打斷工作做出評估,評估范圍從"完全可以被打斷"到"完全不能被打斷".40c本題和倒數(shù)第二段第一句有關,說的是實驗中電腦比人表現(xiàn)得好，問因素是什么？這段最后一句說了，peｏpledoiｎgtheinterrｕptingａreiｎevitablｙbiasｅd…,即人有偏見，故c為答案。ThｅＥｘｐlodiｎgLakｅｓofCaｍerｏoｎWhatcomeｓtｏmindwhenｙouthiｎkofalａkｅ?Youpｒｏｂａblyimaｇｉnｅａｐｒeｔｔysｃenewithbｌuｅwatｅr,birds,anｄfish.ＦortｈepｅopleｉｎｔｈｅnｏrthwestｅrnCameｒoon,howevｅr,theimaｇｅisverydｉｆfereｎt.Fｏrthｅｍ,lａkeｓmaymｅaｎtｅrrｉｂleｄｉsasters．Iｎ1９84，poisonouｓgasesexｐlｏｄedoｕtｏfＬakeＭonounanｄｃａmeｄoｗninｔotｈeｎearbｙviｌlageｓ，kilｌinｇtｈirty－seｖｅnpeoｐle.Twoｙeａrsｌateｒ，LakｅＮｙoseｒuptedAcloudｏｆgasｅsrolleddownthｅhiｌlsanｄintothevａlｌeysanｄｋillｅd１，700peoｐle．LakｅNyoｓandＬakeMonoｕnaｒｅcrａt(yī)er(火山口）lakｅsThｅｙｗｅrｅfｏrmedwhenwatercolleｃtedｉnthｅcrateｒsofｏldvolｃanｏesＴｈevolcanoeｓuｎdeｒＬakeNyｏｓaｎｄLakｅMonｏunarenoｔａctｉveaｎymorｅ.Hｏweveｒ,ｐoiｓｏnousgaｓｅｓfｒｏmtｈeceｎteroftheeａrthcontinｕetoｆｌowupｔhroughｃrａcksiｎtheｂｏttomｏftheｌａke．Thisisnoｒmaｌｉnaｃｒatｅrlaｋe.Ｉnmostｃraterｌakeｓ，ｔhesegasesarereｌeasedofｔeｎｂecausｅｔheｗａt(yī)er'tuｒｎｓover'rｅgulａrly.Thaｔiｓ，tｈewatｅｒfromtｈｅbottomｏftｈelａkｅｒiseｓandmｉxｅｓwiththewateｒaｔtｈｅｔop，allｏｗingthegasestoeｓｃaｐesｌowｌy.Hｏweｖer，iｎＬakeｓＮyoｓａndＭoｎoun,ｔhｅreisｎoregularｔurnｉngovｅｒ.Nｏoｎeknｏwｓtｈereaｓｏnforthisfａct，bｕtasaresuｌｔ，ｔhｅselakeshavemｏｒｅgasｅｓtappedａt(yī)theboｔtomthａnothｅrｃｒaterlａkｅｓ.Infact，scienｔistswhohａvｅstｕdｉedLakesNyosａndMonoｕnhａvefound16,000tiｍesmoreｇａses.Ｗhｅnａstｒongwind,ｃoolｗeaｔherａｓtoｒm,ｏralanｄsｌｉde(滑坡)cauｓesthｅwatertoturnｏvｅrsuddenｌy，thegasesｅscapeinａｖｉｏｌenteｘplｏsion．Ｉｎtheｐaｓt，nｏoｎeknewwhｅnthegａｓｅsmightｅｘplode，sothｅrｅｗaｓｎｏｗayforthevｉllagerstoescapedisastｅr.ＮｏwsciｅntistｓｆromｔhｅUniｔedStａt(yī)ｅs，F(xiàn)rａnce，aｎdＣaｍeroonhavefoundaｗaytｏｒeｄｕcetｈｅｇaｓprｅssuｒeatthebｏttoｍoｆＬakeＮyoｓ.Thｅyｓtｏoｄa６7２－footpｌastｉcpｉpｅinthemiｄdleofｔhelaｋe，witｈoneendoｆtｈepipeｎｅarthebｏttomandtｈeｏtｈｅrendｉntｈeaiｒ.Neaｒtheｔｏｐoｆtheｐipe,theｔeａｍpｕtsevｅralｈoｌesthａt(yī)cｏuldｂeopenedorcloｓeｄbyａcomputeｒ.Nｏw,wheｎthegａsprｅsｓuregetsｔoohｉgh,tｈeｈｏleｓarｅopenedandｓｏmeofthegas-ｆilleｄwａt(yī)eｒｓｈootｓｕpthｒoｕghｔhepipeiｎtoｔheａirlｉkｅafouｎtaiｎ.Witｈlessｐressure，ａｄｉsastroｕseｘplosionismｕchｌｅsｓｌｉｋｅｌy.However,ｔhescieｎtiｓｔｓaｒeｎｏtsuｒethatoneｐipewilｌbeenｏｕghｔoprｅvenｔｅxplosionｓ．TheyｈopｅｔｏputiｎｏｔherssoｏｎandtheｙｐlantｏinstallasｉmilａrｐiｐｅａndacomputersyｓtemａｔＬakeMoｎoｕnaｓｗell.Tｏｐrotectpeopｌeｎeaｒｂyuntiｌaｌlｏfthｅpｉpｅsａｒeｉnplace．thescｉentiｓtshａｖeiｎstaｌledｅａｒlｙwａｒnｉｎgsysteｍsaｔbotｈlaｋes.Ifthegａsｐreｓsuｒerisestｏadanｇerouslevｅl,compｕｔerswilｌsetｏffｌoｕｄsｉrｅｎs(警報)ａndｂrighｔligｈｔsｔowaｒnthepeopｌeｉnthevillaｇｅs．Thａt(yī)way,thｅywillhａveｔiｍｅtｏescapefroｍthedangerousgaseｓ.41WｈatｗiｌlｈaｐpenｗheｎLakeＮyoｓandＬaｋeAWａt(yī)erwｉｌlflowdownthehｉｌｌsBPoisonｏusgａｓeswillbeｒeleaｓedsｕddenly．CAstrｏｎgｗindwilｌriseｆroｍthelakｅsDTｈevolcaｎoesｗiｌlcｏmetｏｌife.42WhichofthefｏlloｗｉｎgsｔatｅmｅｎｔsａboutＬakeNyoｓanｄLakｅATheyweｒeformedin19８４.ＢTheyareatthetoｐｏftwoacｔｉvevolcaｎoｅs．CTheyaｒenｏtliｋemoｓtothercrａt(yī)erｌakes.DＷａt(yī)ｅｒinthemturｎsoverrｅgularly.43LａkeNｙosandLakeAthｅgａsesrｉsｅｔｏｔheｔopaｎｄmixwithａir.Ｂpeoｐｌefromthｅｖillagesｔurnoｖｅrtｈeｗater.Cscieｎtｉｓtshaｖeｐuｔinａcoｍpuｔersystem.Ｄｔheyhaｖemoｒｅgaｓｅstrapｐｅdatthebotｔomｔhanｏthｅrcｒaterｌakes4４AteamｏfｓciｅntistshasＡerｅctｅdapressuｒe-ｒｅleasｉngpipeｉnthｅlaｋeBｉdentifiｅdtheｇasｅｓaｔthebottｏｍoｆthelakeCbｕiltabｅａutifulfoｕntaiｎneａrthｅlakesDremoveｄaｌｌdａngerouｓgasesfrｏｍtｈｅlaｋｅs45Whａt(yī)dｏｗeｌearnfroｍtｈelasｔparagｒａｐｈ?AScienｔｉstsareｐｌanniｎgtoinｓtａlｌpipesinａｌlcｒaterlａkeｓ.BScientisｔｓstilｌdoｎotkｎｏwhoｗtopreｖeｎtｇasｅxploｓiｏnｓCＥxplosiｏndisasｔeｒscｏｕldbeavoidediｎtｈefutuｒeＤWarnｉngsｙstemshavebeensｅtupinthevilｌagesnｅarｂｙ．參考答案：41B該題問的是Nｙos和Monｏｕn兩湖噴發(fā)時會出現(xiàn)什么情況?第一段第五句提到，Mｏnouｎ噴發(fā)時有毒氣體隨之而出。兩年后，Nyos湖噴發(fā)時也出現(xiàn)類似情況。故B為答案。42c本題為細節(jié)題。問的是關于Nyos和Monoｕｎ兩湖哪句陳述是對的的?選項Ａ說的是兩湖于１984年形成的,不符合原文意思。選項B的意思是:他們坐落在兩座活活火山上，也與原文意思不符。選項D說的是湖中的水定期翻滾，均與原文不符。只有選項c對的。４３Ｄ題句的意思是：Nyｏs和Mｏnｏun兩湖發(fā)生噴發(fā)的因素是什么?前三個選項均與原文意思不符，答案見第三段第二句。４4A本題問的是一隊科學家干了什么工作？第四段第三句提到他們在湖里立了一根釋放湖底氣壓的管子。故Ａ為答案。45c本題問的是在文章最后一段我們了解到了什么?文章最后一段重要講的是在所有的湖里豎起緩解湖底氣壓的管子后，就不會有危險。故選項c為對的答案。WhenWeAｒeAsｌeｅｐＥvｅryonedreａｍs，buｔｓomepeｏplｅneverrecaｌｌｔheｉrdreamｓ，orｄosoveｒyrarelｙ.Othｅrpeoｐlealwaysｗａkｅｕpwiｔｈｖｉvidｒecollｅctｉonｓ(記憶)ｏｆｔｈeirｄreaｍｓ，thougｈtheyfoｒgettｈｅmverｙｑuiｃkly．Iｎaｎaｖeragenｉｇｈtｏfeigｈthours＇ｓｌeeｐ，ａnaｖeｒaｇeaduｌtｗｉlｌdreamfｏrａｒｏuｎｄｏneｈuｎdreｄｍiｎｕtｅｓ，probablｙｈaｖｉngthｒeetofivｅdreams，eachlastingfroｍtentｏthｉrtｙｍinuteｓ.Sｃienｔisｔsｃaｎdｅtｅcｔwｈenｓomeｏnｅiｓhａｖinｇａｄreambyusｉｎganinstrumentｗhichmeasｕrestｈｅelｅcｔricalwavesｉnthebrain．Duｒinｇdreamｉng,thｅｓeｗavesmoveｍorequiｃkly.Ｂreａt(yī)hinｇandｐulseraｔealsoiｎｃrｅaｓe,andtherearｅrapideyemｏvｅmentsｕnｄｅrｔhelｉds,jｕstａsthoughthedreaｍerｗererｅallylｏｏｋingatｍovｉｎgobｊecｔｓ.Theｓeｓignsofdreaminｇhaｖebeｅndetecteｄinaｌlmａｍmａｌs(哺乳動物)sｔudied,iｎcｌudingdogｓ,ｍｏｎkeyｓ,catｓ,andeleｐhantｓ,ａnｄaｌsosomｅbｉrｄsanｄreｐtilｅs（爬行動物）.Thisperｉodofsｌｅepiscalledthe"Ｄ"sｔａｔeforａround５0%oftheｉrｓleep;ｔhepeｒiodｒedｕｃｅｓtｏaｒound25%bytheageof１0．Drｅａmstakｅtheformofｓtorｉｅs，bｕｔthｅyｍａybeｓtranｇeandwｉthinｃｉｄenｔsnotｃｏnｎｅｃted，whichmaｋelitｔlesensｅ.Drｅamsａreseldｏmwithouｔｐeｏｐｌｅintｈemａndtheｙareusualｌｙａboutpeｏpｌewｅknow．Oneestimatesａystｈattwo－thirdsoftｈe"ｃast"ofouｒdｒeamdramaｓarefriendsａndｒelａt(yī)ioｎs.Visｉonsｅemsanessｅｎtｉalpartoｆdreａms，exceptforpｅｏｐleｂlindｆroｍbirth．Sｏundaｎｄｔouchareｓenｓesalsoｏfteｎarousｅｄ，bｕtsmｅlｌanｄtasｔearｅnotfｒeｑｕeｎtlyinvolｖed.In＂nｏrmal"dreams，ｔｈedrｅaｍermaybｅtaｋingｐarｔ,orｂeonlyanobｓｅrｖｅr.Butheorshｅcannoｔcｏnｔrolwhａt(yī)happeｎsiｎthedreａm．Ｈowｅver,theｄreａmerdoesｈａvecontroloｖｅroneｔypeofdrｅａｍ.Thistypeofdreaｍiscaｌｌｅda"luciｄ＂(清醒的）ｄrｅam.Ｎｏteｖeryoneｉsalｕｃidｄreamer.Someｐｅopleａｒeoccasiｏｎalｌuｃｉddreａmｅrs.Otｈerscａndreaｍｌuｃidlymoreｏｒlesｓａｌlthｅtｉme.Iｎaluciｄdreaｍ，tｈｅdrｅamerknｏwsｔhatheｉｓdreａｍinｇ.1６.Somepｅｏpｌedreaｍｂutｃannotreｍembｅrthｅirｄrｅａms．A.RｉgｈtＢ.WrongC.Noｔmenｔioｎｅｄ17．Inanavｅｒageniｇhｔ，malｅsdｒｅaｍｌongerthａnfemales.Ａ.ＲigｈtB.WrongC.Noｔmｅｎtioｎeｄ1８．Wheｎwedream,ｔherｅisｌeｓsｍovｅmenｔofｅlecｔｒｉcalwａvｅsinouｒbrains.A.RigｈｔＢ.WrongＣ．Nｏtmentioned19．Babiesｄｒeaｍlessｔhanolｄeｒcｈiｌdren.A.ＲighｔB．WrongＣ.Nｏtmｅntioｎed２0．Mostdreamsinvolveｔheｐeoｐleweplａｙｅdwithwhenｗewereｙoung．A.ＲｉghtB.WrongＣ.Notmｅntioned21.Weraｒelysmellthingsindreams.A.RｉｇｈtB.WroｎgＣ.Notmentiｏned2２.ＩnａluciddreａmweｃaｎｕseＭｏｒｓｅcｏdeｔocommunicatewithotｈers.A．RighｔB.WrongC.Nｏtmｅntioned參考答案：16.A1７．C1８.B1９.Ｂ20.Ｃ2１.A22.CMonaｒcｈwｉtｈｏutaKiｎｇｄomThisNｏvember,ahundｒedmiｌlionbuｔterfliｅswilldropfｒomtheskyoverMexico,lｉkeautｕｍｎｌｅaves.Butfｏrhowlonｇ?Gｅnetiｃaｌlyｍoｄiｆiｅdmaiｚe(玉米)ｃouldmeaｎextinｃtionfoｒｔhiｓbeauｔiｆｕlbuttｅrｆｌy,RafaeｌRｕizｒeports.Althouｇｈｉｔsbodｙiｓabout3cmloｎｇanｄitoｎlyweｉghs1gin，theMｏnarcｈbutｔerｆlymａｎａgｅstotravel５,００0kmeacｈyeaｒ.Ｉtｓeemstｏbｅsofragｉｌe,butitslongｊouｒｎeyｓarｅpｒｏofofitsaｍaｚｉｎgabilitytosuｒvive．Thisautumn,thｅMonarchbuｔterfｌｙｗillｏｎcemoresetoutonｉtsjｏurneyfｒomtｈeＵS.ItｗilｌkeｅpgoinguntilitｒeachesMexiｃｏ.Ｉｔtrａvelｓthesehugedistａncestoｅscapｅｔhecoldweaｔｈerinｔhｅｎorth．InNoveｍｂer,mｉｌliｏnsofMｏnarchsfallｌikｅbright,gｏｌｄenｒainoｎｔothｅｆorｅstsiｎtｈemｏｕntaｉnsofceｎtralMｅxico.Iｎtｈesiｌeｎｃeofｔhｅsemoｕnｔaｉnsyｏucａｎhearaｓtrangeflaｐｐinｇ(拍動)ｏfwinｇs,aｓthｅMｏnarcｈsarrｉveattheirdeｓｔinａt(yī)iｏn.Inthemountaiｎs,ｗhiｃｈreaｃhaheightof３,0０0metres,thebｕttｅｒfliesaresafe．Beｆoｒereaｃhingtheirjｏｕrney'ｓｅndtｈｅyhaveｆaceｄstronｇｗinds，rａinandsｎowsｔｏrmsａndtheydonｏｔallｍanagetorｅachtheirｄestiｎatiｏn.Wheｎｔｈeｗintersaｒｅreａｌlｙｂａｄ,pｅrhaps70percｅntoftｈemwillnotsurviｖe．TheirｌongjouｒneytoMｅｘicoisｔhouｇhttobeonｅofｔhｅｍｏstamａziｎgeｖeｎtsinthewholeｏfｔhｅＡmerｉcanｃontiｎｅnｔ.ＷｈeｎthｅygｅtｔｈeretheywｉllstaｙuntilthebeginninｇofAprｉｌ,ｗｈeｎtｈeirinterｎalcalendartellsthemtｈatitisｔiｍeｔｏｇobaｃk.Thelongjourｎey,withallitsdａnｇers,beginｓagaｉn.Thｅsedelｉcatｅcreatureｓnowｆaｃedaｎgｅｒｏｆａnotherkｉnd-ｆromsｃｉeｎtifiｃｐｒogｒeｓs．ＩnthｅUS，milｌiｏnsoffarmｓgrowgeneticallyｍodifieｄmaizｅｗｈicｈiｓpurｅpoｉｓｏnfoｒｔhebuttｅrfly．Lａｂoratoryexperｉmenｔshaｖeｓｈowntｈａｔｈaｌfｏfthebuｔterflieｓwhiｃhfeedｏnthelｅａvesｏｆgｅneｔicallymodｉfiedmaｉｚedieｗithiｎ48hｏuｒs.NotａｌlexpｅrtsagｒｅeｔhatthisvarietyｏfmaizｅiｓｒeｓponsiblｅｆorｔhethreatｔothｅMonaｒcｈｓ．Inｓpiteofthesedｏubｔs,theEuropeａnUniｏnｈaｓreｆuseｄtｏappｒovｅｎeｗｃropsofｇeneticallymｏdｉfｉedmａizeunｔilfurｔherinｖestｉｇaｔｉonshaｖｅbeｅncarriedout.Gｒeenpeaceisｃampaiｇｎiｎgagaｉｎstgｅnｅｔicallymｏdｉfieｄｐroducts(inSpaiｎ,ｔhereａｒealrｅａdy2０,000ｈectａresofｍodｉｆiedｍaize)．Tｈeenviroｎｍentalorｇａｎiｚａt(yī)iｏnｒecenｔｌypｕblishｅdaｌiｓtof100speciｅsoｆbuｔterflｙｉnＥｕrｏpeaｌonewhiｃhａreｔｈreatｅnedwitheｘtｉｎction.16TheMoｎarcｈbuｔterflyｔrａvels5,000kmeaｃhyear.ＡRiｇhtBWroｎｇＣNｏｔmentiｏnｅd17TheMonarchｂｕtｔｅrfｌｙｌｏoksfｒaｇiｌe.ＡRightＢWronｇCNotmenｔiｏｎed1８TheＭｅｘicaｎslikebutterflｉｅsverymｕch.ARighｔBWronｇCＮｏtmentioneｄ１9inbadwｉntｅrs,ａbouｔ70ｐercentｏｆthebuttｅrfliescaｎｓtayaliｖｅARｉｇhtBWrongCNoｔmentｉoｎｅd20InearlyApriｌ，thebｕtｔerｆliesleavetheirｗinｔerhoｍesflｙｉnｇbackｎｏrthARiｇｈtBWrｏngCＮotmentioneｄ２1Genetｉcallｙmｏｄｉｆieｄmaiｚｅisn'tｐｏisonouｓtotｈebuｔterfliｅs.AＲｉgｈtBWｒｏnｇCNotmentionｅd２2GｅneticalｌymoｄifiedｐrｏduｃtsａrenｏtｐopuｌarinＭexｉcoARigｈtBＷronｇCNotmentｉoneｄ參考答案：１６A１7Ａ1８C19B２0A21Ｂ22CIstｈeＴieaＮeｃeｓｓity?Ties,orneckties,haｖebeenａsyｍｂｏｌofpoliｔenesｓandelｅganceinBriｔainｆorｃｅnｔuｒｉｅs.BｕtthecasｕalＰrimeMinｉsterToｎyBlａirhａsprobｌｅmswｉththeｍ.Ｒeporｔsｓuｇｇestthａt(yī)eｖenthecｉｖiｌservantｓmaysｔoｐweａringties.Ｓo，arethｅfaｍouｓｌyforｍａlBｒiｔisｈｒｅallygoｉｎgｔｏabａnｄｏnｔhｅnｅckties?Ｍayｂe.Ｌａｓtｗeeｋ,theＵK'ｓCabiｎeｔSｅｃｒｅtarｙAnｄrewTｕｒｎｂulｌopｅnlｙwｅlcomｅdatiｅlessera.Heｈintedthａt(yī)ｃｉvｉｌseｒvanｔswoｕｌｄsoonbeｔｒｅeofｔhecosｔliｅst12incｈesofｆabricｔhaｔmostmeneverｂｕｙｉntｈeirｌives.Infacｔ,Ｂｌairｓhowedｔｈｉｓattitｕdｅwｈenｈehadhisｆirstgueststoacｏｃktaiｌｐａrty．Ｍanyoｆthemｗｅreｃelｅbｒities（知名人士)wiｔhｏｕttiｅs,whichwouｌdｈavebｅｅnｕnｉｍaｇinａbleeｖeｎｉntheｒｅcentpast．FｏrsomemoreconsｅrvativeBrｉtiｓｈ，ｔhetｉeisaｍuｓｔforpｒopｅrａpｐearanｃe.Ｅａrlier,ＬａｂorleaderＪimCalｌagｈansａidhewｏuldhａvediedraｔｈｅrtｈanhavehisｃhildrenｓｅenｉnｐｕbｌicwｉthｏｕｔaｔie.ＦoｒpeoｐlｅlｉｋeCaｌｌaghan，thetilｅwａsａsignｏｆbeiｎgcoｍｐlete,ｏｆｓｈowinｇreｓpecｔ.Mｅnweresupposedtｏwearaｔiewhengoｉngtochurch,tｏworｋiｎtｈeoffice，toaparty-almostevｅrysocｉaｌoccasｉon.Ｂｕttoday,peｏpｌｅhaveｂegｕｎtｏacｃｅptａcasｕalstyｌeevｅnｆorｆormalocｃasioｎｓ．Ｔheｏrigiｎｏｆｔｈｅtiｅisｔｒｉcｋy.Ｉtsｔａrtedassomethｉｎgcａlledｓimplya"ｂand＂.Ｔｈｅtｅrｍcｏuｌdmeanａｎｙtｈingａrｏunｄamａn'ｓneck．Itappｅaｒediｎｆinｅrwaｙsinthｅ1６30s.Ｆrenchmenshｏwｅdaloveofthisparｔｉcularfａshｉonstatement.Thｅirｎeckweａｒ(頸飾)iｍｐrｅｓsedChaｒlｅsII,thｅkingofEnglaｎdwｈｏwaｓeｘilｅｄ(流放）tｏFｒａnceatthａｔｔimｅ.WhｅｎhｅrｅtuｒnｅｄｔoEｎgｌanｄin1660,ｈeｂｒoｕghｔthisnewｆasｈioｎitemａｌｏｎgwｉthhim．Iｔwaｓｎ＇ｔ,hoｗeveｒ,unｔilthｅlａt(yī)ｅ18thcenturyｔhａt(yī)fａnｃｙｙｏungmeniｎtｒｏｄuｃeｄamorecｏlorfuｌ,floｗinｇｐｉeｃeofcｌothtｈatｅveｎtuａllybｅｃamｅknownasthetiｅ.Then,cｌuｂsmilitaｒyｉｎｓtiｔｕtionｓａndscｈoolsbｅｇaｎｔｏusecoloredaｎdpａt(yī)ternedtｉestoiｎdicａt(yī)eｔhewｅａreｒ'smemｂerｓhipiｎｔheｌatｅ19thcｅｎtury.Afterthaｔ,thetiｅbecａmeａneｃessａryiteｍｏfｃｌｏthingfoｒBｒitｉshgentleｍen.Ｂｕtｎｏｗ，eｖengｅntlｅmｅnａｒegettingtiredoｆties.Anywaｙ,thedayｆeelsabiｔeasieｒwｈenyoｕwakeupwｉthｏuthavingｔoｄecｉdewｈicｈtiesｕｉtｓｙouaｎdyｏuｒmｏod.31ThｅtieｓｙmｂolizeｓalｌoｆthefｏlｌowingexｃｅptAresｐeｃtBｅleｇanceCｐoliｔeｎｅssDdeｍocｒacy32ＷhydｏesBｌaiｒsometｉｍｅsshowupinａformaｌeventwiｔhoutaｔie?ABeｃausehewａｎtsｔｏmaｋeasｈoｗＢBeｃａusｅｈeｗａntｓtoattrａｃtatteｎｔion.ＣBecausetiesａreｃosｔly．DBeｃauseheｗanｔstoliｖeｉnaｃaｓuaｌwａy.３3WhicｈｏｆthefolloｗｉngiｓNOTasociａlｏｃcａsｉon?AGoiｎgtochuｒch.BGｏingtoｗｏrkｉntheofｆice．ＣＳtayingaｔhｏmｅ．DGoinｇtoaparty．34WhoｂrｏughttheＦrenchmeｎ'snｅｃｋｗeartoBritａin？ＡTonｙBlaiｒ.BCharleｓll．ＣJimCallaghan.DAndrewTurnbuｌｌ.35WheｎdidBｒitishgentlｅmenbｅｇintｏwｅartiesregularlｙ？ＡＡftｅｒthelate１９thceｎtury.BInthe1６30s.ＣＩｎ1６60.DＩnｔhｅｌａｔｅ18ｔｈcｅｎtｕry.參考答案：31D3２Ｄ3３C３4Ｂ35ＡWｈerｅHaveＡlltｈeFrogｓGone?Intｈe1980s,scienｔｉstｓarｏuｎdthewoｒldbeｇantoｎoｔicesomｅthingstrａnge:Frｏgsweｒedｉsappeａrｉｎｇ.Ｍorerecentreseaｒｃhhasshoｗnthａt(yī)manykindsoｆamｐhibiaｎs(兩棲動物)ａredｅcliningorhavebeｃoｍeexｔincｔ.Theyhaｖeｂeｅnaroundforａlonｇtime-over350mｉllioｎｙｅarｓ.Whyaretｈeyｄyｉｎgｏｕtnow?Scientｉｓtsａｒeseriouｓｌyｃoｎceｒｎedａboutｔhｉsquestioｎ.Firstｏfalｌ,ａmphibｉansareanimporｔantsｏurcｅｏfｓｃiｅntiｆiｃaｎdmedｉｃａlknｏwledgｅ．Bystｕdyingaｍphiｂｉａｎｓ，scｉenｔisｔｓhaveｌearｎedaｂoｕｔnewsubstanｃesthatｃｏulｄｂｅveryusｅfuｌfoｒtreaｔinghumandｉsｅases.Furtｈerrｅsearchｃouldｌeａdtomａnymorｅｄｉscoｖerｉes,butｔhatwillbeimｐossｉｂｌeｉfthｅaｍphiｂiansｄiｓapｐear.Tｈｅｍoｓtsｅriouｓaｓｐｅctｏｆamphibiａｎloss,howeｖｅr,goeｓbeｙondtheａmphｉbiａnsthemselves．Scientｉstｓarｅbeginningtothiｎｋaｂoutwhataｍphiｂiandｅcｌinemeａnｓforthepｌanetasawhole.Ｉfｔheeaｒｔhisｂeｃomingｕnliｖａblｅfoｒamphｉbｉans,ｉsitalsobecomｉngunlivableforｏｔherｋindsofanｉmalsaｎdｈumanbeingsaswell?Scientisｔsｎowbelievｅｔｈａｔａmphibiandｅｃlineｉsdueｔosevｅｒalｅnｖirｏｎmentalfactors.Ｏnｅoftheｓefactｏｒｓistｈedｅｓtructiｏｎｏfhabiｔat,thenａt(yī)ｕrａlａｒeawhereananｉmallｉveｓ.Aｍpｈｉbiａｎｓarｅｖｅrysｅｎｓitivetｏcｈangesinｔheｉrhabiｔat.Iftｈｅｙcanｎｏｔfinｄｔｈeｒightconditiｏｎs，tｈeywillnoｔlaｙtｈeiregｇs.Thesｅdays,aswｉldａreasaｒecoveｒedwｉtｈhoｕseｓ,roads，ｆarｍｓ,oｒfactories,ｍaｎｙkiｎdsｏfａmphibｉansaｒeｎｏlｏnｇeｒlａyｉngegｇｓ．Forexaｍple,tｈearroyotoaｄ（蟾蜍)ｏｆsouｔherｎCａliｆoｒｎiａwｉｌlonlylayｉｔseggｓoｎthesandｙbｏttoｍoｆasｌｏw-ｍovｉngstream．ＴhereａreverｙfewｓｔreａmsｌeftiｎｓouｔｈernCaｌiｆornia,aｎｄthoseｓtreaｍsarｅoｆtenmuddyｂｅｃauｓｅofbuildｉngｐｒojectｓ.Notsｕrｐｒiｓｉｎglｙ,ｔhearroyotｏadisnｏwindａngeroｆeｘtincｔiｏｎ.Ｔｈerｅarｅanuｍberofotherfactorｓinamphiｂiandecｌinｅ.Polｌｕtｉｏｎｉsoneoftheｍ．Ｉnmanyindusｔrialaｒeaｓ,airpollutionhaspoisonｅdtheｒaｉn,ｗhichthenfａllｓonpｏndsａndｋｉlｌstheｆroｇｓａndtｏaｄsthatlｉvｅthｅre.Iｎfaｒmingarｅas,theｈｅavｙuｓｅoｆcheｍicａｌsoncroｐｓhaｓａlsokilledofｆampｈｉbians.Anｏtherfactoｒistｈatａiｒpollutionｈaslｅｄtoincreasedｌｅvelｓofultrａviolet（ＵV)lighｔ.Thisendangersamphibiaｎs,wｈicｈｓeｅｍtｏｂeespecｉallｙseｎsｉtivetoＵVlｉｇｈt.Aｎdfｉnalｌy,scientistsｈavｅｄｉscｏvｅredaｎewdiｓeasethatseeｍｓtobekillｉngmanyspeｃiesofａｍpｈibianｓiｎdiｆfｅrentparｔsoftｈeworld．Aｌltｈesereasonsfｏrthｅdiｓａpｐearanceoｆａmｐhiｂiａnsareaｌsｏgoodｒeａsonsfｏｒmoregeneralconceｒn．Thｅｄestructionoflａｎd,thｅpolluｔiｏnoｆtheａirａndthewateｒ,thｅｃhangｅsiｎoｕｒatmosphｅre，ｔｈespreadｏｆdｉｓeaｓes-ｔhesｅfactoｒｓafｆecｔhuｍaｎbeingｓ,tｏｏ.Ａｍphiｂiaｎsarｅespｅciaｌlyseｎsitivetｏeｎvirｏnmeｎtａlcｈａnge.Ｐerｈapstheｙarelｉkethecａnarｙ(金絲雀)bｉrdｔhaｔcoalminｅrsonceusedtoｔakeｄownｉntothｅminｅstodeｔｅctpoｉsonouｓgases.Wheｎthecanaryｂｅcameilｌordied,themiｎｅrsknｅwthatｄangerousgａsesｗerｅnearandtｈeｉrｏwｎlｉvesｗereiｎdangeｒ.３6LoｓingａmphibiansmeansloｓｉngAknｏwｌeｄgeaｂｏｕtfａt(yī)alhumanｄiseaｓes.Bknowｌeｄgeaboｕtａｉrａndwatｅrpolluｔｉｏn．Cａｃhａnceｔｏｄiscovernewｍeｄicinｅs.Daｎopportunitytodeteｃtpoisonousgaｓes.３７AmpｈibiaｎｓlａｙtheiｒeggsAinanｙstｒeamtheycanｆiｎd，BinplacｅsｗiｔhouｔUＶlighｔ,Ｃonlyonsand.Dｏnlyinthｅｒightcoｎditions３8TheaｒroyotoaｄisｄisapｐｅariｎgbｅｃauseＡitｈａsbeenthｒeateneｄbyfrogs.Bitｉsｌｏｓingｉtshabitat.Cａｄiseasehasbeeｎｋiｌlingitseggs．Ditｃan'tｂeａrthｅcｏｌｄofwiｎｔeｒ.39CoａｌminersonceuseｄthｅcanarybirdtodetectApoｉsonousgａseｓ．Bairpｏlluｔioｎ.Cwaterｌeakage.Draｄiatｉon．４0Scienｔistｓthinkthａt(yī)thedeclinｅoｆaｍphibianｓcouldAｃausｅenｖｉroｎmentalchaｎgｅ.Bｃａusｅａdｅｃlｉneinotherｋindsofａnｉｍalｓ.Cｂeawarninｇsignalｆorｈｕmａnｂeｉｎgs．Dbeagoｏｄsiｇnfｏrhumａnbeings．參考答案:36C３7D３8B39A40CＣontroｌlingRobotｓwiｔhthｅMindBeｌｌe,ourｔｉnymoｎkey,wasseaｔedinｈersｐecialchairｉｎｓｉdeachａmbｅratourDukｅＢelleｗoreacapｇluedtoherheａd.Ｕnｄerｉtweｒefｏuｒｐｌastiｃconnectors,wｈichfｅｄａrraｙsｏfmicrｏｗiｒｅｓ－eachwｉrefinｅrthanｔhefiｎｅstseｗｉngthread-intoｄｉffereｎtｒegionsofＢelle'ｓmotoｒcorteｘ（腦皮層）,tilebraｉnｔiｓｓuetｈatplaｎsmovemｅntｓaｎdsｅnｄsｉnsｔrｕｃtioｎs.Eachoｆthe1０0microｗirｅslａyｂeｓiｄeasinglemｏtｏrｎeuron(神經(jīng)元）.Whｅnaneuｒonpｒoｄucedａnelｅctｒiｃalｄｉschａrge,ｔheadjacenｔmicrowirｅwouｌdcaｐtuｒeｔhecurrｅｎtａndsｅndｉtuptｈroughaｓmallwiｒingbundlｅtｈaｔranｆromＢeｌlｅ'scａptｏaboxoｆeｌeｃtrｏnicsｏnataｂlenexttothebｏotｈ．Ｔｈebｏx,iｎtuｒn,waslinｋedtoｔｗoｃompuｔeｒｓ，onenextdooranｄtheoｔherhalｆａcountｒyaway．Afteｒmoｎｔhsｏｆｈａrdwoｒk,ｗeweｒeaｂoｕtｔoｔｅｓttｈeideａｔhatwecouldrｅlｉabｌｙtranslａt(yī)etｈeｒawelecｔｒicalacｔivitｙiｎalｉviｎgｂｅing'sbrａin-Bｅlle'ｓmeｒethougｈｔs－intosｉgnalstｈatcoulｄdｉrｅctthｅactionｓofaｒobot.Wｅhadａssｅmblｅdamultijoiｎtedrobotaｒmｉｎthisrｏom,aｗａyfｒｏｍBelle'sviｅｗ，whiｃhshewouldcｏntrolforthefｉrstｔime.ＡssｏonasBｅlle'sbraｉnsensedaｌitsｐoｔonthepaｎel,eleｃtronicｓｉｎｔhebｏxrunningtｗoｒeal-timｅｍatｈeｍaticalｍodelswouｌｄｒapidlyanalyｚeｔｈetinyaｃtionｐoｔenｔiaｌsｐｒｏduceｄbyhｅrbraiｎｃells.Ｏurlａbcompuｔｅrwoｕlｄconｖertｔheeｌeｃtricalｐatterｎsｉｎtｏinsｔructionsｔhatwoｕlｄdirectthｅrobｏtarm．Sixhｕnｄredｍilesnｏｒth,iｎCambridｇe,Ｍａss,adiffereｎtcoｍpｕterwｏulｄproducethｅｓａmeａcｔionｓinaｎoｔhｅrrｏbotarmbｕiltbｙＭaｎｄayａmA.Sriｎiｖaｓan.Ifwehaｄdoｎeｅｖeｒythingcorrectly,tｈeｔwoｒｏｂｏtａrｍswouldbｅhａｖeａsBelle＇saｒmdid,atｅxａctｌｙthesamｅtimｅ.Ｆinａlｌytｈemoｍentcaｍe.ＷｅrandomｌyｓｗitchedonｌightsiｎｆrｏｎtofBeｌｌe，andsｈeimmeｄiａt(yī)elymovｅdhｅrjｏystｉckｂacｋandfoｒｔhtocorresｐondtothem.OurｒobotarmｍｏvedsimｉｌarlｙtoBelle＇sreaｌarm.SｏｄｉdSrｉniwlｓan＇ｓ.Bｅlｌeandｔheroｂotsmovｅdｉnsyｎchrony（同步),ｌikedancerscｈoreogｒaｐhed(設計舞蹈動作)bytheelecｔrｉcaliｍpulsｅsspａｒkingiｎＢｅlle'smｉnd.Intｈetwｏyｅａrssincethaｔｄａy,oｕrlaｂsａndｓeveｒaloｔhｅrshaveadvanceｄｎｅｕroｓcieｎce,cｏmpｕtersｃiｅnｃeandｍｉcrｏｅlｅｃtroｎｉcsｔocrｅatewaysfoｒrats,mｏnkｅｙsanｄevｅｎtｕaｌlｙhｕmａnstoｃonｔrolmechａｎicalaｎｄｅlectｒonｉcｍａchinespｕrｅlyby"thiｎｋinｇtｈrouｇh,"ｏrｉｍagining,thｅmoｔｉoｎｓ.Ourｉmmedｉategｏaｌiｓｔohelｐａpｅrsoｎwhoｈaｓｂeenｕnaｂlｅｔｏmoｖebｙaneurological(神經(jīng)的)ｄiｓorderｏrspinalcorｄ（脊髓)ｉnｊury,butwhoｓemotorcodexｉsspared,ｔooｐｅrａt(yī)eawheelchａｉrｏrarｏｂoｔiclimb．41BellewouｌdbｅｆedsomｅfruｉtjｕiceifshｅAgｒasｐedｔheｊｏystiｃｋ.Ｂmｏvedthejoｙsticktothesideｏftheliｇht．Csaｔquietlyiｎａspecialcｈaiｒ.Ｄｗatchedligｈtsonadisｐｌaypanel．４2TheｗiｒesｆixｅduｎderBellｅ'scapwerecoｎneｃteｄtoAａplastiｃｂoｘｎｅxｔdoｏr．Bacomputerａt(yī)CambridgeCaｂoxofelectrｏnicsinthｅboｏｔh.Ｄabｏxｗhｉch，iｎturｎ,waslinkｅｄtotwocomｐuｔeｒs43WhiｃｈoｆthefolloｗingisNOTtrueoｆｔｈerobotｂuiltbySrinivａsaｎ?ＡIｔwａｓdirectedbysｉgnaｌscｏｎvertｅdfromthｅelecｔricalactivｉtyinBeｌlｅ＇ｓbrainBItconverteｄtheeｌecｔrｉｃａlpatternsiｎtoｉｎｓtｒuctｉonsfｏｒｔｈｅotherrobot．CＩｔwassixhｕnｄredｍilesawａｙｆｒoｍｗherｅＢeｌleｗas.ＤIｔcouldｐｅrｆorｍthesamｅfｕnctionasＢeｌleｄｉd.44Ｗｈｉchofthｅfｏｌlｏwinｇstaｔemｅｎtsindｉcａt(yī)esthｅsuccｅｓsofｔｈeexｐeriment?ABeｌlereｓpondeｄtotherｏｂotsｓuｃcｅssｆullｙ.ＢＢelleanｄtｈerｏbotｓdａncedbeａutifullｙ．ＣBelleaｎdtｈeｒoboｔsrespoｎdｅdtｏtheliｇhtsattｈeｓametimｅ.DThｅtworobｏｔsｍｏvedtｈｅjoysticksｓuｃcesｓiｖeｌｙ.45Theｓhorｔ-teｒmgｏaｌofthｅreseａｒchiｓtohelpａpeｒｓｏｎAwhosｅmotoｒｃｏrtexisseriｏuslｙｄaｍaged.Bwhｏcanoｐerａｔeawhｅelcｈaiｒｂutｎotaroｂｏticｌｉmb.Cwhohassｐｉｎaｌcorｄinjurｙbutiｓａbｌetomoｖeawheelｃhair.Dwhoｉsunａbleｔomoveｂuｔwhｏsemｏtｏrcortexｉｓnotdａｍａgeｄ參考答案:４1B42Ｄ4３B44Ｃ45ＤＷｈｙｉsｉtｔhatflｙiｎgtoＮewＹorｋｆromＬonｄonwiｌllｅaveyoufeeｌiｎglesstirｅdｔhａｎflｙｉngtoLｏnｄonｆromNｅwYorｋ?Theａnswｅrｍaｙbeａclｅａrcaｓｅofｂiolｏgｙｎotbeingaｂｌeｔｏkeepupwitｈtecｈnolｏgy.Dｅepiｎsidethｅbraintｈereｉsaclockthａt(yī)gｏvernｓeveryａspecｔofthｅｂoｄｙ'sfunｃtioninｇ：sleepandｗakｅcycles,levelｓoｆaleｒtneｓｓ,performaｎce,mood，hormonelevels,ｄiｇestｉon，bｏdytemperatｕrｅaｎdsｏon.Ｉｔregｕlａｔesａllofthｅsｅfunctiｏnsona２4-hourｂasｉsaｎｄiscａｌlｅdｔｈｅbiologicalｃｌock．Thisbｏｄyｃloｃｋsprｏｇrammeｓustobesｌeｅpｙtｗiｃeaday,bｅtweｅｎ3－5amandaｇainｂetween３-5pｍ.Aｆtｅrnoontｅaandnapａreａllｃuｌtｕralresponsｅｓtｏournａt(yī)urａlbｉoｌogicalsｌｅepineｓｓintheafｔｅrnoon.Ｏneofthemajｏrcａuｓesｏfthetraｖelers’maｌａｄyknownasｊeｔlａｇisthenoｎ－alignmentoｆaｐｅrson＇ｓｉnternalbｏdycｌocｋｗitｈclｏcksintheｅｘternａlworｌd．Crｏｓｓingｄiffeｒeｎｔtｉmezonｅscoｎｆusesthebiｏloｇicaｌcｌock，ｗhichthenhａsｔｏaｄjuｓttotheｎeｗtimeandｐatｔeｒｎsoflｉghtanｄactｉvｉty.Tomakemattersmｏrｅcｏmplex,notalｌｉnteｒnａlbodyfunctionsaｄjｕstatｔｈesａmｅｒatｅ.Sｏyoｕrsleｅp／wａkeｍaｙaｄjusｔtoaｎｅwｔｉｍeｚoneａｔoneratｅ,whｉｌｅyoｕｒtempｅｒatureａdjustsａt(yī)aｄiffｅreｎtｐace.Yoｕｒdｉgｅstｉonmaybeonadiffeｒenｔｓcheｄulealtoｇeｔher．Thoｕghwelｉveina2４－h(huán)oｕｒday,thenａt(yī)urａltendencyｏftheboｄyclｏｃｋｉstｏexｔendｏuｒｄaybeyonｄ24ｈoｕrｓ.Iｔiscｏntraryｔoｏurｂiｏloｇicａlprｏｇrａmｍｉngtｏ"shrinｋ"ourdａy．Thａt(yī)ｉsｗhｙｔraveliｎgｉnawestｗarddirectiｏnｉsmoｒｅbodｙ－clockfｒiendｌythaｎflｙｉngeaｓt.NASＡsｔudieｓoflonｇhaulｐiloｔsｓhowedthatwｅｓtwardｔravelwasassocｉａｔeｄｗitｈsigｎifiｃantlybｅttｅrｓleeｐqｕantityａndquaｌitｙthaｎｅasｔwａrｄｆｌightｓ.Whenflyｉngwest,youａre"extenｄｉng＂yourdａｙ,thustｒavｅlｉngｉｎthenaturａlｄｉrecｔionoｆyoｕrｉnternalclｏck.Flｙingeasｔｗaｒdｗiｌlinvoｌve＂ｓhrｉnkinｇ"orｒeducｉｎgyourdayａndｉsindｉrecｔoppｏｓitｉontｏｙｏuｒｉnteｒnａｌｃｌｏck'ｓnatｕraｌtｅndency．Oneofthemoｒecｏmｍｏncomplaintｓoftraｖelersistｈａｔtｈｅｉrsleeｐbｅcｏmesdisrupted.Therｅaｒemanyreasoｎsｆorthis：chａngｉｎgtimezｏneｓandscheduｌes,ｃhanginglightanｄactiｖｉｔyｌeveｌｓ,tｒyiｎgtoｓleeｐwｈｅｎｙouｒｂoｄyclockispｒoｇｒａmmedtoｂeawａｋｅ，diｓruptioｎｏftheinｔｅrｎaｌｂｉologｉcalcｌockandworkingｌongerｈours.Itisoftenｓｕggestedthaｔｙouadjustｙoｕrwatchassoonａsｙouboaｒdａplane，suｐposedlytoｔｒｙtｏhelpyouadｊusttoyoｕｒdestiｎatｉon’sscheduleaｓsoonaｓｙｏｕaｒrive.Butiｔcaｎtaｋetheｂｏdｙclockseveｒaldaｙｓtｏseverａlｗeeksｔofullyadjusttoanewtｉmezone.So，ourbodyｃlｏcｋｔｒｕlｙcａn"goveｒn"ｕs.31.Ｔｈeroｌｅｏｆtheｂoｄycｌockｉsto.A.enａｂｌeｕstosleep6hoｕrsadａyB.