虛擬語氣課件 【基礎梳理+考點探究】高三英語二輪復習

虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。（1）真實條件句，即條件滿足，事實就發(fā)生的情況；Ifitrainstomorrow,I'llstayathome.（2）非真實條件句，即與事實相反或難以實現的假設情況。表愿望、假設、猜測、建議。IfIwereaboy,Iwouldrolloutofbedinthemorning.虛擬語氣一、if型虛擬語氣一，if型虛擬語氣——直接考察IfIwereabird,Iwouldbeabletoflyintheair.IfPeterhadtakenmyadviceyesterday,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Ifsheweretobe/shouldbe/wereherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.虛擬if從句主句與現在事實相反did/werewould(should/could/might)do與過去事實相反haddonewould(should,could,might)havedone與將來事實相反1.did/were2.weretodo3.shoulddowould(should,could,might)do一，if型虛擬語氣虛擬if從句主句與現在事實相反did/werewould(should/could/might)do與過去事實相反haddonewould(should,could,might)havedone與將來事實相反1.did/were2.weretodo3.shoulddowould(should,could,might)do一，if型虛擬語氣時間往后推一個時間往前推一個一，if型虛擬語氣IfIwereabird,Iwouldbeabletoflyintheair.IfPeterhadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Ifsheweretobe/shouldbe/wereherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.小試牛刀1.Ifthedoctor________earlier,thepoorchildwouldn’thavelainfortwohours.A.come

B.comes

C.hadcome

D.shouldcome2.—Didyoucatchtheplane?—No,ifIhadhurried,I______.A.wouldcaught B.wouldhavecaught C.caught D.hadcaught答案:1：C2:B二，if型虛擬語氣的倒裝如果從句中包含有were,had,should，有時可把if省略掉，把were,had,should放在主語前，變成倒裝句式。1.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tfeelsorry.→WereIyou,Iwouldn’tfeelsorry.小試牛刀1._____youraddress,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.A.DidIknow B.WereItoknowC.HadIknown D.IfIshouldknow答案:1：C三，錯綜時間條件句當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，在英語中通常稱為“錯綜時間條件句”。其主從句謂語動詞的形式則要根據其所表示的時間做出相應的調整以對應其所表示的動作行為。如：Ifithadrained

lastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(主句指過去，從句指現在)Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.（主句指過去，從句指現在）小試牛刀1.Ifyouhadtakenyourmedicineyesterday,you________quiteallrightnow.A.willbe

B.are

C.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe2.Iftheyhadinformedus,we_____herenow.A.wouldnotcome B.wouldhavecomeC.willnotcome D.maynotcome答案：1：D2：A四.含蓄虛擬條件句指將條件從句隱藏在上下文一定的短語中的一類條件句；利用某些詞（名詞，形容詞，連詞），短語（分詞短語，不定式短語或介詞短語等）或并列從句來表示；有時還可以通過上下文和句子內在的邏輯關系來暗示。這些手段都起著虛擬條件從句的作用。Butfortheirhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.要不是他們的幫助，我們就不可能完成那項工作（表過去）。Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.沒有電，就沒有現代工業(yè)。（表現在）常見含蓄虛擬詞：otherwise/without/thanksto/butfor/or+名詞結構（代替if條件句）與現在事實相反主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do與過去事實相反主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have+done與將來事實相反主句：主語+should/would/could/might+doWithoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.沒有空氣，就沒有生物。（對現在的虛擬）Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedanything.要不是你的幫助，我不可能取得任何成就。（對過去的虛擬）Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.我那天生病了。否則我就參加運動會了。（對過去的虛擬）Thankstotheman’stimelyrescue,thechildwouldhavebeendrowned.多虧了這位男士的及時救援，否則孩子就淹死了。（對過去的虛擬）小試牛刀1.Butforyourhelp,I________.A.canhavefailedagain B.mayhavefailedagainC.willbefailedagain D.wouldhavefailedagain2.Youdidn’tgotothepartyyesterday,orI______you.A.wouldsee B.couldsee C.mighthaveseen D.mightsee答案：1：D2:C二、should型虛擬語氣1.suggest,require,order,etc.+賓語從句在一些表示建議、愿望、要求、請求、勸告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、決定等的動詞的賓語從句中，要用虛擬語氣。這類動詞有：ask，require，request，demand，pray，insist，desire，maintain，propose，suggest，move，urge，advise，recommend，command，order，arrange，decide等。如：Shedemanded(that)thepaper(should)berewritten.Isuggest(that)he(should)getthereassoonaspossible.一.should型虛擬語氣——should可以省略（表堅決要命）一.should型虛擬語氣——should可以省略（表堅決要命）2.itisdesirable,required,etc.+主語從句在itis+表示要求、建議、必要、命令等意思的形容詞或分詞+主語從句的結構中。這類形容詞和分詞有：advised,advisable,better,desired,desirable,demanded,essential,important,natural,necessary,ordered,proposed,possible,probable,preferable,recommended,required,suggested,strange,urgent,strange,incredible等；這個表語結構也可以是itisapity,itisawonder,itisashame等。例如：It’snecessary(that)we(should)starttodotheworkrightaway.It’surgentwe(should)sendforadoctoratonce.Itisapitythatshe(should)callblackwhite.3.用于表語從句或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣在一些表示愿望、建議、要求、命令等意義的名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句后，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這類名詞有：advice，decision，idea，order，plan，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，opinion，requirement，direction，policy等。例如：Myopinionisthatwe(should)reviewtheirproposalrightnow.Hemadetherequestthattheproblem(should)besettledatonce.記憶口訣：堅（建議/堅持）決（決定）要（要求）命（命令）一.should型虛擬語氣——should可以省略（表堅決要命）小試牛刀1.Itwassuggestedthateveryone_____amaskinpublicplacesaftertheoutbreakofCOVID-19.

（2021）A.shallwear

B.willwear

C.wear

D.wears2.Theprofessordemandedthatalltheessays______tohimbyJan.10th.A.handin B.behandedin C.shouldhandin D.werehandedin3.Whengivingalargesumofmoneytothisschool,Bobinsistedthathisname_____secret.（2014）A.iskeeping B.waskeeping C.bekept D.iskept答案：1：C2：B3：Clest/forfear(that)/incase引導的狀語從句，表示擔心、憂慮，從句用should加動詞原形，should可以省略。例如：I’mtellingyouthislestyou(should)doubtmysincerity.我告訴你這件事，以免你懷疑我的誠意。Juliahadtogoonadietforfearthatshe(should)loseherjobasamodel.朱莉婭不得不節(jié)食，以防失去模特的工作二.should型虛擬語氣——should可以省略（表”以防“）小試牛刀1.Thestudentcheckedhiswritingcarefullylestit_____somespellingmistakes.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.shouldhave答案：DIt’s(high/about)time+從句

從句謂語表示是應該做某事的時候了did或should+do（should不可省）例如：It’shightimethatwetook/shouldtakeeffectivemeasures.是時候采取一些有效措施了。三.should型虛擬語氣——should不可以省略小試牛刀

1.It’shightimewe________someactionstopreventpollution.A.take

B.took

C.taking

D.istaking答案：B三、意愿型虛擬語氣意愿型虛擬語氣：wish/ifonly/asif/asthough1.

wish/ifonly/asif/asthough+從句：

賓語從句謂語與現在愿望相反did（be動詞一般用were）與過去愿望相反haddone與將來事實相反的假設would/could+do例如：IwishedIhadn’tspentsomuchmoneyyesterday.我多么希望我昨天沒有花這么多錢。例如：Hetalkedasifhehadbeentheremanytimes.他說起話來好像他去過那里很多次。IfonlyIwereaboy.要是我是男生就好了。Ifonlyhewouldcomewithustomorrow.要是他明天和我們一起來就好了。意愿型虛擬語氣：wish/ifonly/asif/asthough小試牛刀1.IfonlyI_______whatyouwantnow!A.known

B.knew

C.hadknown

D.havek