2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)第一部分專題增分練課時(shí)19書面表達(dá)（七）-說(shuō)明文

PAGEPAGE4課時(shí)19書面表達(dá)〔七〕-說(shuō)明文Ⅰ.閱讀理解ADataonBritishbuyinghabitsin2022revealsamoveawayfromproductssuchassausagesandbaconinfavouroffishandpoultry(家禽肉).Themovemaybebecausehigh-endconsumersarenoticinggrowingwarningsabouttheirimpactonhealth.ThatwasreinforcedbyanassessmentbytheWorldHealthOrganizationinOctoberthatplacedcuredandprocessedmeatsinthesamecategoryasasbestos，alcohol，arsenicandtobaccoasmajorcausesofcancer.Salesofsausagesandbaconweredown14.4%lastyearcomparedwith2022andsalesofredmeatfellby8.1%.Incontrast，salesofpoultryandfishroseby13.1%and25.1%respectively.Thesustainedinterestinorganicfoodisdrivenbyanincreaseinyoungandsociallyconscious“millennials〞(bornfromtheearly1980stotheearly2000s)withstrongsocial，ethicalandenvironmentalvalues.Theyarepreparedtopayextraforhealthieroptionsandshiftingshoppingpatternsawayfrom“thebigweeklyshop〞infavourof“afewandoften〞.AtTescosalesoforganicfruitandvegetableshaverisenbymorethan18%overthelastyear—doublethemarketaverage.TescofruitcommercialmanagerGarethWilcocksaid，“Therevivaloforganicfoodshasbeengatheringpaceoverthelastfewyears，withlowerpricesandbetteravailabilitybothplayingamajorpartinthat.〞GeorgeScott，foodandgroceryanalystwithVerdictRetail，said，“Organicfoodisnolongerniche(針對(duì)特定小群體的)andIthinkthisupwardsalestrendisheretostay.Itisverysignificantthatwehaveacuteconsumerswhoarepreparedtotradeuptothefoodswheretheywantthebestqualityandassurancesofprovenance.〞[語(yǔ)篇解讀]這是一篇說(shuō)明文。數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明英國(guó)人改變了以往的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣，他們不再依戀肉類加工品，而是轉(zhuǎn)向健康的有機(jī)食品。1.WhatdoestheWorldHealthOrganizationthinkofprocessedmeats？A.High-endconsumerspreferthem.B.Theyhavelittleeffectonheartdiseases.C.They'reakindoforganicfood.D.They'relikelytocausecancer.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“...placedcuredandprocessedmeatsinthesamecategoryasasbestos，alcohol，arsenicandtobaccoasmajorcausesofcancer〞可知，世界衛(wèi)生組織認(rèn)為，肉類加工品有可能致癌。答案：D2.WhatarethefiguresinParagraph3usedtoshow？A.Thesalesofsomefoodintwoyears.B.SomedataonBritishbuyinghabits.C.Customers'interestinorganicfood.D.ThechangeofBritishbuyinghabits.解析：考查推理判斷。第三段中列舉的數(shù)據(jù)是為了支持本文的話題“DataonBritishbuyinghabitsin2022revealsamoveawayfromproductssuchassausagesandbaconinfavouroffishandpoultry(家禽肉)〞，即英國(guó)人改變了以往的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣，不再依戀肉類加工品，而是轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)食品。所以D項(xiàng)正確。答案：D3.Whatcanweknowabout“millennials〞？A.Theylikebuyinginlargequantities.B.They'rehealth-conscious.C.Theyusedtobuyafewthings.D.Theysharethesameeatinghabits.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theyarepreparedtopayextraforhealthieroptions〞可知，千禧一代愿意為了更健康的選擇多付錢，由此可推知他們有健康意識(shí)。答案：B4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs？A.Organicfoodbusinessesaretakingoff.B.Organicfoodshaveunfavorableprices.C.It'sinconvenienttobuyorganicfoods.D.It'shardtosatisfyallconsumers.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后兩段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“AtTescosalesoforganicfruitandvegetableshaverisenbymorethan18%overthelastyear...Therevivaloforganicfoodshasbeengatheringpaceoverthelastfewyears〞和“Ithinkthisupwardsalestrendisheretostay〞可知，有機(jī)食物企業(yè)開始盛行。答案：ABItisanaerialperformancefarbeyondthecapabilitiesofeventhemostcomplexmodernaircraft：landingupsidedownonaceiling.Butitisroutinebusinessforbats，andnowscientistshavelearnedpreciselyhowtheydoit.BrownUniversityscientistsobservedtwospecies：Seba'sshort-tailedbatandthelesserdog-facedfruitbat.Theytrackedtheirmotionsusingthreehigh-speedvideocamerastakingimagesat1，000framespersecond，andstudiedweightdistributioninthebats'bodyandwings.Theyfoundthatbyflappingbothwingswhilefoldingoneofthemjustabittowardtheirbody，abatcanshiftitscentreofmasstoperformamidairflipinordertolandonaceiling.“Flyinganimalsallmoveskillfullyconstantlyastheyflythroughathree-dimensionalenvironment，〞BrownbiologyandengineeringprofessorSharonSwartzsaid.“Batsemploythisspecifictechniqueeverytimetheyland，becauseforabat，landingrequiresreorientingfromheadforward，backup，bellydown，toheaddown，toesup.〞Whenapproachingtheirtouchdownspot，batsarenotflyingveryquickly，makingitdifficulttogatherthetypeofaerodynamicforcesproducedbypushingagainsttheairthatcouldhelppositionthemforanupside-downlanding.Buttheirheavywingsenabletheminsteadtocreateinertial(慣性的)forcestoadjustthemselvesinmidair.Swartzsaidbats，asnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)animals，aregenerallynotfullyappreciatedasskilledpilots.“Peoplehavemanyopportunitiestoobservebirdsandinsectsflying，butthebatworldishiddeninthenight.Themoreweobserveflightbehaviorinbats，themoreweareimpressed，〞Swartzsaid.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。蝙蝠能倒掛在天花板上，這是精彩的空中特技表演，甚至超越了最復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)代飛機(jī)的能力。5.What'sthekeyfactorinbats'successfullanding？A.Flappingbothwingsconstantly.B.Flyingslowlyandstably.C.Choosingsuitablepositions.D.Shiftingtheircentreofmass.解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theyfoundthatbyflappingbothwingswhilefoldingoneofthemjustabittowardtheirbody，abatcanshiftitscentreofmasstoperformamidairflipinordertolandonaceiling〞可知，轉(zhuǎn)移重心能讓蝙蝠成功倒掛在天花板上。答案：D6.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“reorienting〞？A.Adjust. B.Show.C.Identify. D.Maintain.解析：考查詞義猜想。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“fromheadforward，backup，bellydown，toheaddown，toesup〞和上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處指的是蝙蝠降落需要從頭朝前、背朝上、腹部朝下調(diào)整為頭朝下、腳趾朝上。故畫線詞應(yīng)意為“調(diào)整〞，與adjust的意義相近。答案：A7.Whyaren'tbatsgenerallyrecognizedasskilledpilots？A.Theirflyingskillsarecontroversial.B.Theirflightbehaviorishardtounderstand.C.They'renotthemostskilledinflying.D.They'reprimarilyactiveatnight.解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“asnocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的)animals〞和“butthebatworldishiddeninthenight〞可知，因?yàn)轵鹪谝归g活動(dòng)，不易被觀察到，因此在飛行技巧方面未受到充分賞識(shí)。答案：D8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Howbatshuntatnight.B.Howbatslandupsidedown.C.Howbatstravelaroundatnight.D.Howscientiststrackbats'motions.解析：考查主旨要義。通讀全文可知，文章主要講蝙蝠是怎樣倒掛在天花板上的。故B項(xiàng)最能概括文章的大意。答案：BⅡ.完形填空Iwastouchedsomuch.Awhileback，mythree-year-oldsonandIsettledbackforhisgoodnight__1__.Welaydowninhislittlebedandhesaid，“Daddy，whenIgetbigcanIlivewithyou？〞I__2__himhecouldlivewithmeanytimehewantedto.Amomentlaterhesaid，“Whenyoudieyou'regoingtofeel__3__onyourfaceanditwillbemetouchingyou.〞Thenhe__4__，“Iwillkissyou.〞Hemovedover，kissedme.Iwasawareoftearssuddenlywellingupinmyeyes.Ididn'twanttoexplain__5__Iwascrying；asIopenedmyeyestolookathim，hewasalready__6__.Ispentsometimelookingathim，__7__theminuteandwonderingaboutthedepthofthe__8__I'dhad.ItoccurredtomethatIdidn'trememberhavingmuchofthiskindof__9__timewithmyfather，andthatthiswasatimethatwouldbe__10__short-lived.Thistimeof__11__thatformsathree-year-old'slife，wouldsoonbe__12__.Whatwillremain，however，willbethe__13__ofthisshortwhilereoccurringinmymindnon-stop.Itmadeallofthedifficult__14__ofbeingafatherworthwhile.Sometimes，beingacommittedfathercanfeellikeyou're__15__thedoorkeeper，driver，and__16__inthehouse.Thenyouwillhave“a__17__〞，onelikethisinwhichyourchildexpressesabsolute，pure，and__18__loveforyou.Whenyourkidshave__19__homeandyoulookbackattheseyears，allofthesewillbestrungtogetherto__20__thememoriesoftheirliveswithyou.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]和孩子在一起的溫馨時(shí)刻讓作者感慨萬(wàn)千，作者認(rèn)為作為父親應(yīng)該珍惜這個(gè)時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗芏虝骸?.A.manner B.processC.routine D.service解析：根據(jù)空前的“hisgoodnight〞和空后的“Welaydowninhislittlebed〞以及常識(shí)可知，此處指父親給兒子睡前道晚安這一慣例(routine)。答案：C2.A.warned B.remindedC.assured D.convinced解析：此處指作者向兒子保證(assured)只要他想，他隨時(shí)可以和作者住在一起。答案：C3.A.something B.anythingC.nothing D.everything解析：根據(jù)“itwillbemetouchingyou〞可知，這里表示有某種不確定的東西，所以用something。答案：A4.A.admitted B.promisedC.shouted D.concluded解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者的兒子向自己承諾(promised)道，“我會(huì)吻你〞。答案：B5.A.how B.whyC.whether D.when解析：作者意識(shí)到自己突然熱淚盈眶，但是不想解釋自己為什么(why)哭了。此處why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示原因。答案：B6.A.silent B.upsetC.asleep D.calm解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指當(dāng)作者睜開眼看他時(shí)，他已經(jīng)睡著(asleep)了。答案：C7.A.enjoying B.searchingC.checking D.expecting解析：此處指作者看了他一會(huì)兒，享受這個(gè)時(shí)刻，故用enjoying強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)時(shí)刻的美好。答案：A8.A.sight B.ideaC.feeling D.view解析：此處指“我驚訝于剛剛的感受之深刻〞。兒子說(shuō)出那些話，作者會(huì)很有感觸，故用feeling。答案：C9.A.gentle B.historicC.magical D.simple解析：作者剛剛和兒子在一起的那一幕是溫馨的，作者不記得自己和父親曾有過(guò)這樣溫馨的時(shí)刻。gentle“溫柔的，溫馨的〞。答案：A10.A.possibly B.originallyC.extremely D.frequently解析：由下文的“short-lived〞“wouldsoonbe〞“shortwhile〞可知，作者認(rèn)為這樣的時(shí)刻極其短暫。extremely“極度，極其〞。答案：C11.A.cleverness B.truthC.innocence D.care解析：此處指三歲孩童生命中的這種天真(innocence)將會(huì)很快消失(go