語法專題7-被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣

語法專題復(fù)習(xí)----被動語態(tài)----（ThePassivevoice)語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第1頁!英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者(動作的對象)。

(把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)也就是把主動句中的賓語改為被動句的主語，這是最關(guān)鍵的著眼點，同時謂語動詞作相應(yīng)的變化。)被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:助動詞be＋動詞過去分詞什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：①不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。②沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。③需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第2頁!主動句中謂語動詞的發(fā)出者由by引出，作為by的賓語，也可以省略。請看以下主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：主動語態(tài):主語＋謂語＋賓語被動語態(tài):例：We

clean

ourclassroomeveryday.（主動）

[注意]①把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如上例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。②如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞by的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語we改為us。主語＋＋by+賓語be+過去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday（被動）語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第3頁!被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”被動語態(tài)中be在各時態(tài)中的具體形式：

1.一般現(xiàn)在時中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成,am,is,are+PP(過去分詞)。

注:助動詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。3.一般將來時中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成，willbe+PP或begoingtobe。例句:I/She/WewillbetaughtJapanesenextterm.2.一般過去時中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成，was,were+PP.

例句:I/shewascriticizedbytheheadteacher..Wewere

criticizedbytheheadteacher例句:SilkisproducedinSuzhouandHangzhou.BicyclesarewidelyusedinChina.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第4頁!7.現(xiàn)在完成時中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:have/hasbeen+pp.8.過去完成時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:hadbeen+pp.WhenIgothome,thefishhadbeeneatenupbythecat.例句:Theworkhasbeenfinished.Alotofrivershavebeenpolluted9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:

can/may/must/should+be+done+（bysb）例句：Theclassroommustbecleanedrightnow.

Cantheworkbedoneintwodays.Don’tplaywiththeknife.Yourfingersmaybehurt.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第5頁!8.BytheendoflastJuly,Ihadfinishedallthehomework.

---BytheendoflastJuly,allthehomeworkhadbeenfinished.Youmustdesigntheposterbeforelunch.

---Thepostermustbedesignedbeforelunch.10.Allofusshouldprotecttheenvironment.

---Theenvironmentshouldbeprotectedbyusall.11.Wecan’tlearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime.

----Englishcan’tbelearntwellinsuchashorttime.12.I’mnotsuretheymightaskTomtospeakatthemeeting.

----I’mnotsureTommightbeaskedtospeakatthemeeting.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第6頁!I使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)使役動詞makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感觀動詞seesbdosthsbbeseentodosthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthsbbeheardtodosthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosthgo語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第7頁!3.有些動詞短語也沒有有被動語態(tài)因為它們也相當(dāng)于一個不及物動詞，常見的有belongtotakeplaceeoutgeton/offeabout(發(fā)生）breakout(爆發(fā))showup(露面）如：Thisbookwasbelongedtome.（wrong)

---Thisbookbelongstome.(right)

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.(wrong)

---GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.(right)

語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第8頁!IV:帶有雙賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的使用。

有些動詞可以帶兩個賓語，即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語?？梢詫⑵渲幸粋€賓語提到前面做主語，另一個留在后面。如①Herparentsboughtheranewputeryesterday.---Shewasboughtanewputeryesterday.----Anewputerwasbought

forheryesterday.②Theyhavegivenmesomegoodadvice.---Ihavebeengivensomegoodadvice.---Somegoodadvicehasbeengiven

tome.③ShewillwritealonglettertoDavidSmith.---DavidSmithwillbewrittenalongletter.---AlongletterwillbewrittentoDavidSmith.buysthforsbgivesthtosb語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第9頁!A:動詞need.require.want.beworth.

后加v+ing的主動結(jié)構(gòu)常表示被動含義e.g.:1）Mywatchcan’twork,itneedsrepairing.

=（…needstoberepaired)2)Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.

=(….Requiredtobelookedafter.)2）Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.

=(….worthytobeseen)V:一些特殊的情況B:當(dāng)動詞wash,write,sell,buy,等表示主語的某種屬性時，通常用主動形式表示被動意義。如：1)Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.2)Thispenwriteswell.3)Thiskindofbookssellsquickly.

語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第10頁!虛擬語氣

SUBJUNCTIVEMOODGRAMMER

語法3/2/2023語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第11頁!虛擬語氣的概念

虛擬語氣主要用于虛擬條件句

,它表示與事實相反,或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性極小的一種猜測,假設(shè)和愿望.Ifwehadwings,wecouldfly.Iftherewereheavysnowoutsidetoday,wecould/mightplaywithsnowafterclass..虛擬條件句表示條件是無法實現(xiàn)或幾乎無法實現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語氣.

語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第12頁!1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè).

IfJayChoucameherenow,whatwouldyoudo?IfI

were

you,Iwouldtrytogethisautograph.Imaginewhatwouldhappenifthesunwentdim.時態(tài):if條件句:did(were)主句:would(should,could,might)do(be)

be動詞在虛擬語氣中從句中一般用were,很少用was.PRACTICE1語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第13頁!2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè).Ifhehadeyesterday,hewouldhavegonewithus.(Hedidn'teyesterday,sohedidn'tgowithus.)Ifyouhadbeenmorecarefulinthe1stmonthlyexam,youwouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Ifithadnotbeenfortheterrorists,thetwintowerwouldnothavebeendestroyed.時態(tài):條件從句:haddone(been)主句:would(should,could,might)havedone(been)

語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第14頁!IwishIrememberedtheaddress.1.我要是現(xiàn)在記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）Iwishhehadnotleft.2.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）IwishIcouldspeakEnglishaswellastheEnglishnativespeakers..3.要是我英語講得像英國人那樣好就好了。（說話人覺得自己不可能講得像英國人一樣好）wish+thatclausedid/were..haddonewould/might/could虛擬語氣在wish后面的賓語從句中的使用語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第15頁!Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptainorderedthatallthesailors

(should)continuetoworkatonce.虛擬語氣在suggest,demand,order等動詞后的賓語從句中的使用，表示建議；要求；命令Thebossdemandedthattheworkers(should)work15hoursaday.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第16頁!各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時will/begoingto+動詞原形will/begoingto+be+過去分詞4過去將來時would+動詞原形would+be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分詞6過去進行時was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞8過去完成時had+過去分詞had+been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第17頁!5.現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:

is/am/arebeing+pp.例句:Newbridgeisbeingbuiltnearourschool.

6.過去進行時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:was/werebeing+pp.Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.4.過去將來時態(tài)中被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：

wouldbe+pp或was/weregoingtobe+ppThemanagersaidtheprojectwouldbepletedsoon.=Themanagersaidtheproject

wasgoingtobepletedsoon.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第18頁!Practice1--Turnthefollowingsentencesintopassivevoice:PeoplegrowriceinSouthChina.

----RiceisgrowninSouthChina.2.Helenbroketheglassyesterday.

---TheglasswasbrokenbyHelenyesterday.3.DoctorSmithiscarryingoutmedicalresearchnow.

----MedicalresearchisbeingcarriedoutbyDoctorSmith.Workerswerebuildingthisroadthistimelastyear.

---Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyearbyworkers.5.TheywillsendLilytostudyabroadnextterm.

---Lilywillbesenttostudyabroadnextterm.6.Thebosssaidhewoulddealwiththeproblemrightaway.

---Thebosssaidtheproblemwouldbedealtwithrightaway.7.Peoplehavetranslated“HarryPorter”intomanylanguages.

---”HarryPorter”hasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第19頁!在學(xué)習(xí)被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題

在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動變被動的方法。下面我們接著學(xué)習(xí)在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。

I:

一些使役動詞(let,have,make等)或感觀動詞(see,hear,watch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.---Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.Isawhimenterthehouse.---Hewasseentoenterthehouse（byme）.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.---Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.---Sheisheardtosingintheroomeveryday.[注意]當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch/noticesbdoingsth的句式變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，doing保持不變。如：Isawhimrunningontheplayground.(主動)---Hewasseenrunningontheplayground.(被動)語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第20頁!

II：有的動詞沒有被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。

1）不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)一般來說，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才有承受者。常見的不及物動詞有：die,last(持續(xù)),rise,happen,sit,stand,lie,bee,appear,等等，所以你們平時說：Hewasdied2yearsago.是完全錯誤的。應(yīng)該去掉was.

2)連系動詞或者說是五覺動詞沒有被動語態(tài)

因為連系動詞或者說是五覺動詞屬于不及物動詞如：look,sound,smell,feel,taste這些動詞Thisappleistastednice.是錯誤的。正確的是：Thisappletastesnice.

語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第21頁!III:要保持動詞短語在被動語態(tài)中的完整性

極大多數(shù)動詞短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞都可以有被動語態(tài)如：

takecareof、payattentionto、makeuseof但它們是不可分割的整體，在變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的副詞或介詞。

如：1）OurschoolwillputofftheTeachers’Sportsmeeting---TheTeachers’Sportsmeetingwillbeputoff.2）Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourstudythisyear.---Yourstudyshouldbepaidmoreattentiontothisyear.

帶有介詞或副詞的動詞短語，在改為被動語態(tài)時，不能把介詞或副詞拆開。語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第22頁!帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send等帶雙賓語的動詞，改為被動語態(tài)，當(dāng)用直接賓語作主語時，要根據(jù)動詞的習(xí)慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞to或for.它們的句型主要有以下幾個：①givesthtosb=givesbsth ②buysthforsb=buysbsth③sellsthtosb=sellsbsth ④takesthtosb=takesbsth⑤bringsthtosb=bringsbsth ⑥makesthforsb=makesbsth⑦h(yuǎn)andsthtosb=handsbsth ⑧passsthtosb=passsbsth⑨keepsthforsb=keepsbsth ⑩sendsthtosb=sendsbsth例：①Hepassedmesomepaper.(主動)

Somepaperwaspassedtomebyhim.（被動）②Youmustkeepsomefruitforhim.(主動)

Somefruitmustbekeptforhim.（被動）語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第23頁!還有幾個特殊的句型也必須用被動語態(tài)如：

It’ssaidthat…..(據(jù)說。。。）It’sreportedthat…..（據(jù)報道。。。）It’sthoughtthat….（據(jù)認(rèn)為。。。）It’shopedthat…It’sknownthat…..語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第24頁!語氣的分類陳述語氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tebackhomeyet.祁使語氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.虛擬語氣

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

IfIhad20millionpoundsnow,Iwouldgivehalfofittothecharity.語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第25頁!IFSentenceStructure‘IF’虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)IF虛擬條件句根據(jù)條件所處時態(tài)分為三類.

a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反

的假設(shè).

b.表示與過去事實相反

的假設(shè).

c.表示與將來事實相反

的假設(shè).Note:表示與將來事實相反

的假設(shè),暫時不作要求語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第26頁!PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.

a.Ifthey

(be)here,they

(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war

(break)outagain,

what

(happen)topeopleonearth?c.Ifthepoliceman

(benot)ondutyeveryday,it

(be)verydangerous.IfI

(be)you,I

(ask)teacherforhelp.KEYswerewouldbrokewouldhappenWerenotwouldbewerewouldask語法專題7—被動語態(tài)和虛擬語氣共30頁，您現(xiàn)在瀏覽的是第27頁!PRACTICE2:Fillinthebla