上海高考英語試卷版

2014年全國一般高等學校招生一致考試上海英語試卷考生注意：考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。2.本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12頁）和第Ⅱ卷（第13頁），全卷共13頁。全部答題一定涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫準考據(jù)號和姓名，并將查對后的條形碼貼在指定地點上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。本文檔由上海高考基地高考英語命題研究組校正版權歸上?？荚囋喝?。第I卷（共103分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.policewoman.B.Ajudge.C.Areporter.D.Awaitress.2.A.Confident.B.Puzzled.C.Satisfied.D.Worried.3.A.Atarestaurant.B.Atacarrentalagency.C.Inabank.D.Inadrivingschool.4.A.Adisaster.B.Anewroof.C.Aperformance.D.ATVstation.5.A.Catchthetrain.B.MeetJane.C.Getsomestationery.D.Cleanthebackyard.6.A.Askforsomethingcheaper.B.Buythevaseshereallylikes.C.Protectherselffrombeinghurt.D.Bargainwiththeshopassistant.7.A.Useaputerinthelab.B.Takeachemistrycourse.C.Helphimrevisehisreport.D.Gelherputerrepaired.8.A.Amused.B.Embarrassed.C.Shocked.D.Sympathetic.A.Shedoesn'tplantocontinuestudyingnextyear.Shehasalreadytoldthemanaboutherplan.Sheisn’tplanningtoleaveheruniversity.Sherecentlyvisitedadifferentuniversity.10.A.Itspokehighlyofthemayor.B.Itmisinterpretedthemayor’sspeech.C.Itmadethemayor’sviewclearer.D.Itearnedthemayor’sspeechaccurately.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonly1once.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.70B.20C.25.D.7512.A.Thehousestherecan'tbeB.Itisaplaceforworkandholiday.C.hecabinsandfacilitiesD.Itisrunbytheresidentsthemselves.13.A.AskiingB.AspecialmunityC.AsplendidmountainD.AsuccessfulbusinesswomanQuestions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.14.A.Thosewhooftensenttextmessages.B.Thosewhosufferedfromheartdisease.C.Thosewhodidnophysicalexercise.D.whosewhowereunmarried15.A.Theyrespondedmoreslowlythanusual.B.Theysentmoremessages.C.Theytyped10percentfasteronaverage.D.Theyeditedmorepassages.A.Whychemicaltherapyworks.WhymarriagehelpsfightcantHowunmarriedpeoplesurviveHowcancerisdetectedaftermarriage.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Travelers’SurveySheetTravelpurpose:fora(n)17inCommentsontheairportenvironment/facilities:Likes:?18?19walkwaysDislikes:?20shops?smalltrolleysBlanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.2Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whatiscriticalthinkinginreading?Assessingthewriter’sideasandthinkingaboutthe21ofwhatthewriterissaying.WhatisthefirststepinreadinganacademicFindingouttheargumentandthewriter'smaintextcritically?lineof22.Whatmayserveastheevidence?23,surveyresults,examples,etc.Whatisthekeytocriticalthinking?Toreadactivelyand24.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)MyStayinAftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmalltown.SoIdecidedtoleavehomefor,(25)______Imighthaveabetterchancetofindagoodjob.(26)______(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalocalcafasawaiter.éIbelievethat(27)__________________Iwasofferedagoodposition,Iwouldresignatonce.Overtime,thehighcostoflivingbecamealittleburdenonmyalready(28)______(exhaust)shoulder.Ontheotherhand,mysearchforarespectablejobhadnotmetwithmuchsuccess.AsIhadstudiedliteratureatuniversity,Ifounditquitedifficulttosecureasuitablejobinbigpanies.Motherhadjustsaidthat(29)______Iwanttohaveabettercareeradvancement,Ihadtofindworkinthecity.Perhaps(30)______mymotherhadtoldmewasdeeplyrootedinmymind.Ijustdidasshehadexpected.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty(31)______(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight.Afterninemonthsoffrustration,Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown.NotuntilIreturned(32)______Irealizethataquiettownlifewasthebestforme.(B)Thegiantvendingmachine(自動售貨機)isanewvillageshopVillagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunoutofbasicsupplies.However,helpisnownearerathandinformofthecountry’sfirstautomatic-pushbuttonshop.NowresidentsintheDerbyshireVillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclockafterthehugevendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethisweek.PeterFox,whois(33)______electricalengineer,spenttwoandahalfyearsworkingontheproject.Themachine(34)______(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarmsandlookslikeaminishopwithabrickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,(35)______issettobeinstalledinothervillagesintheareaovertheingmonths,willmarkareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralmunities.3Hesaid:“IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn’findtamanufacturewhocoulddeliverwhatIwanted,soIdiditby(36)______.Theresultiswhatamountstohugeoutdoorvendingmachine.YetIthinktheterm“automaticshop”isfar(37)______(appropriate)Inrecentyears,themercialpressurefromsupermarketchains(38)______forcevillageshopsacrossthecountrytoclose.In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshopsclosed,(39)______(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsorset-upnewmunitiesstores.Hundredsofmunitieshavesincesteppedinandopeneduptheirwonvolunteer-runshops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwillofferasolution(40)______thesevillageswithoutalocalshop.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.alertB.classifyC.mitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.imposeG.labelsH.moderationrelieveJ.signalsK.simplyLet'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfood__41__atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally__42__yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea"choicearchitect"canhelp__43__someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket-includingwhichshelfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup—isachoicearchitect.Governmentsdon'thaveto__44__healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideabinesfreedomtochoosewith__45__hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called"trafficlightsystem"to__46__foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains__47__bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight__48__thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe__49__;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin__50__.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.4Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple__51__.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe__52__dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural__54__,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues.Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,argues—__57__,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates（靈長類動物）likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,__60__thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe__61__itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe__63__tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore__64__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocal（有聲的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one__65__contact.51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour59.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance60.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection62.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease63.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained64.A.monB.efficientC.scientificD.thoughtful65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secret5SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator（獵食動物）getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdseout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpserunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby______.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),theauthormeans______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtooWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?6C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?

D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?(B)Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.Andfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It'swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick.areward-say,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbeeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwilletoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,right?70.WhichofthefollowingbestfitsinthA.Pickanewcue.C.Chooseanewreward.

eboxwitha“?”inTHEHABITLOOP?B.Formanewhabit.D.Designanewresolution.71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffectivelyby______.A.changingtheroutineB.tryingitforaweekC.adjustingyourgoalD.writingitdownWhat'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.“ThisyearwhenIseetheHarryPotterposter,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?A.TheHarryPotterposter.B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.C.AnEnglishnewspaper.D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality（虛構(gòu)現(xiàn)實）device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedin.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."AsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthe7top.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised（同步的）movementbeesfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebias（成見）thathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersatthegavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou've"putyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject."It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyremendittoeveryone."74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto______.A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplantingWecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat______.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperiencewecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesparticipantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperimentTheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexesIntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,______.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismtheyscoredloweronthetestforracismtheychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallytheyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethemItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsvirtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantlySectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorpletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Moreandmorecorporationsaretakinganinterestincorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR).CSRismadeupofthreebroadlayers.Themostbasicistraditionalcorporatecharitywork.8Companiestypicallyspendabout1%ofpre-taxprofitsonworthyprojects.Butmanyfeelthatsimplywritingchequestocharitiesisnolongerenough.Insomepanies,shareholderswanttoknowthattheirmoneyisbeingputtogooduse,andemployeeswanttobeactivelyinvolvedingoodworks.Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhenpanieseunderattackfortheirbehavior.HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980s,withenvironmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatandtheExxonValdezoilspill,industryafterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.So,paniesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalktonon-governmentalorganisations(NGOs)andtogovernments,createcodesofconduct（行為準則)anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,alongwiththeirpetitors,setmonrulestospreadrisks.Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthegame.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreatevalue.Ifapproachedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbeepartofapany'spetitiveadvantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellbydoinggood"hasbeepopular.Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?ShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou’reyourpetitors?Isthereanyreallypetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy?Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigpanieswanttotelltheworldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSRisoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,though,itisnotsomeseparateactivitythatpaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue（美德）：itisjustgoodbusiness.(Note:Answerthequestionsorplet