大學英語四級寫作技巧

CET-4

CollegeEnglishTestBand4WritingSkills寫作部分考核的技能是：A.思想表達

1）.表達中心思想

2）.表達重要或特定信息

3）.表達觀點、態(tài)度等B.篇章組織

4）.圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點

5）.連貫地組句成段，組段成篇

C.語言運用

6）.運用恰當?shù)脑~匯

7）.運用正確的語法

8）.運用合適的句子結構

9）.使用正確的標點符號

10）.運用銜接手段表達句間關系(如對比、原因、結果、程度、目的等)D.寫作格式

11）.運用正確的符合英語表達習慣的寫作格式

大學英語四級考試作文評分標準四級作文采用總體評分(global

scoring)方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(reward

scores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。批改時有標準樣卷，老師參照樣卷對大家的作文進行評分，首先你和哪個檔次的樣卷接近，則上下浮動。我們要從內容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應表達題目所規(guī)定的內容，而內容要通過語言來表達，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而合適地表達思想，也就要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。大學英語四級考試作文評分標準四級寫作所占分值為15%，（按百分制算）閱卷的標準分為五個等級：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（按新的方法710分算）.作文分數(shù)還是占總分的15%，也就是106.5分，在這部分你要達到63.9分為及格。答題時間為30分鐘。具體評分標準：滿分為15分.共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。

2-4分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或在部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)嚴重錯誤。

5-7分基本切題。表達思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。8-10分基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當，多其中有一些是嚴重錯誤。11-13分切題。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。

14-15分切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好。基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯誤

高分作文特點:1.內容切題文章要結構完整、內容充實（包含提綱、圖表、圖畫和題目要求的所有信息）、主題突出、上下文內容統(tǒng)一。2.表達清楚文章要具有清晰的層次和充分有力的論證。中西方文化差異造成漢語和英語的思維方式和文字表述方式截然不同；漢語多習慣概括描述。而英語更注重事實論證。所以，寫英語作文不要過多地進行心理、環(huán)境描寫，而是要用理由和實例來說明問題和論證觀點。

3.文字連貫語言表達要流暢，能使用恰當?shù)倪B接詞，使前后語句邏輯清晰、意思連貫，不互相矛盾，不東拉西扯。

4.句式多變?yōu)楸苊馕恼缕降⒋舭?，可使用不同的句式，如強調句、倒裝句、否定句等。長短句要合理相間，用短句表達有力的結論，用長句體現(xiàn)嚴密的邏輯。5.語言規(guī)范用詞要準確，并能表現(xiàn)出足夠大的詞匯量。所用語言符合英語的表達習慣；不出現(xiàn)有語法錯誤的句子和不合理的斷句；正確使用平行結構。寫作注意事項:1.遵循要求4.文體統(tǒng)一2.卷面整潔5.內容一致3.字數(shù)達標6.檢查到位四級作文題型透視1.常考題材一類是關于大學生的學習、生活及對將來的工作、人生等方面的態(tài)度和看法，如：2007年12月的作文時關于選修課（WhatElectivestochoose).另一類是貼近社會變化、發(fā)展和進步的熱點話題，往往與日常生活緊密相關，如2006年12月是關于春節(jié)晚會（OntheSpringFestivalGala）.四級作文題型透視2.?？俭w裁四級作文常涉及的體裁主要有四類：議論文、說明文、記敘文和應用文。四級寫作著重測試考生用文字評論和說明事物的能力。因此，體裁上比較偏重議論文和說明文，但近些年來，其他兩種體裁，尤其是應用文，也逐漸成為出題的要點。四級作文題型透視寫作類型1.現(xiàn)象解釋型2.問題解決型3.對比選擇型4.觀點論證型5.記敘文6.應用文四級作文的三段式結構題型第一段（引言）第二段（正文）第三段（結論）現(xiàn)象解釋型描述現(xiàn)象說明現(xiàn)象產生的原因表明個人觀點態(tài)度或闡述個人做法對比選擇型表明一方或雙方觀點表明一方的觀點及理由，或指出雙方觀點的不足之處及理由表明個人的觀點或闡述個人的做法問題解決型提出問題分析問題，給出解決方案表明個人的觀點或闡述個人的做法應用文描述事實闡述事實表明觀點或提出建議14第一段：[1.現(xiàn)象/現(xiàn)狀說明段][2.圖畫/圖表描述段]第二段：[3.對立觀點陳述段][4.利弊說明段]

[5.意義闡述段][6.原因列舉段][7.舉例段]第三段：[8.歸納結論段][9.趨勢預測段][10建議措施段]10大功能段落——現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板1.——hasbecomeacommonpartofpeople’slife.空格內用概括性的詞語填出最近出現(xiàn)的總體現(xiàn)象。2.And——hasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.空格內填題目要去討論的具體現(xiàn)象。3.whatimpressesusmostis——.現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)。4.Thereasons——arevaried.過度句，填現(xiàn)象或現(xiàn)象帶來的后果，為下文分析產生的原因做鋪墊。5.Amongthevariousreasons,——playsanimportantrole.原因之一。6.Thatistosay,——具體說明原因一。7.Whatismore,——原因二。8.Forexample,——舉例說明原因二。9．Whentalkingabout——，——，空格一填作者要討論的現(xiàn)象，空格二填作者的看法。10．Ontheonehand——支持看法的理由一或說明看法的第一個方面。11．Ontheotherhand,——理由二或第二個方面。12．Inbrief,——總結。2003年9月真題

Readingregularlyhaslongbecomeacommonpartofpeople’slife.

Andreadingpreferencehasalwaysarousedthegreatestconcern.Whatimpressesusmostisaccordingtothetable,thepercentageofbookcirculationinanAmericanuniversitylibrary,whichshowsthatthecirculationofpopularfictions,generalnonfictions,science/technology/educationbooksandart/literature/poetrybooksaccountsfor65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and5.1%respectively.Thereasonsforthephenomenonarevaried.Amongthevariousreasons,theappealingcontentofthepopularfictionsplaysanimportantpart.

Thatistosay,thankstoitsappealingplot,popularfictionsattractmorepeoplethanothertypesofbooksdo.Whatismore,science

poems,andviceversa.andartbookswhichrequirereaders’knowledgeonrelevantfieldsarehighlydemanding.Forexample,it’shardforstudentsmajoringinchemistrytounderstandBrowning’s

Whentalkingaboutmyreadingpreference,IthinkIprefertosciencebooks.

Ontheonehand,inordertodeepenwhatI’mspecializingin,Ineedreadmorebooksrelevanttomymajor.Ontheotherhand,thesebookscanalsobroadenourhorizons.Inbrief,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.18現(xiàn)象解釋文

Nowadays,thenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象]in[某種場合]isontheincrease.Itisestimatedthat[相關數(shù)據(jù)].Whyhavetherebeensomany[某種現(xiàn)象]?Maybethereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Theforemostis[原因一].Besides,[原因二].What’smore,[原因三].Tosumup,themaincauseof[某種現(xiàn)象]isdueto[最主要原因].Itishightimethatsomethingweredoneuponit.Foronething,[解決辦法一].Ontheotherhand,[解決辦法二].Allthesemeasureswillcertainlyreducethenumberof[某種現(xiàn)象].

對比選擇型作文模板1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——開門見山直入主體，表明對某事人們的不同看法。2.Somepeopleprefer,——.表明一部分人的看法。3.Otherstendto,——.另一部分的看法。4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——作者的看法。5.Ofcourse,——.承認自己不贊同的看法有一定的合理性。6.Forexample,——舉例說明支持第五句。7.But,——轉折指出這種觀點的不足。8.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference——啟下句過度到下段具體闡述自己所支持的觀點理由。9.Themainreasonis——.支持觀點的理由一。10.Agoodexampletoillustrateis——舉例說明理由一。11.Furanother,——理由二。12.Fromtheforegoing,——總結全文，從長遠看來。2000年6月真題：IsatestofspokenEnglishnecessary?

AtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET).

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.Someprefertohavesuchatest.OtherstendtodeclineanykindoftestofspokenEnglish.Astome,Iagreewiththefirststatement.Ofcourse,atestofspokenEnglishisverydifficulttohandleandthetesttimeisnotlongenoughtofullydisplayparticipants’abilitytospokeninEnglish.

Forexample,ifacandidatedrawsatopicwhichheofsheisnotfamiliarwith,it’shardtoshowhisorhercommandofspokenEnglish.Butwithoutsuchatest,somepeoplemaynothavemotivationtopractisespokenEnglish.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountformypreference.Themainreasonisthatsuchatestenhancescollegestudents’awarenessoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.

Agoodexampletoillustrate

isthatseveralyearsago,collegestudentsonlystressedreadingandwritingskills,ignoringtobuildinguplisteningandspeakingability.Foranother,acertificateofsuchatestwillmakejob-huntingeasier.Fromtheforegoing,IthinkatestofspokenEnglishisofnecessity.問題解決型作文模板1.Withthedevelopment/improvementof——,——.空格一處鋪墊，空格二處填寫某一問題。2.Itisnecessarythat——.關注解決現(xiàn)象引出的問題很必要。3.Ontheonehand,——.解決問題很必要的理由一。4.Ontheotherhand,——解決問題很必要的理由二。5.Therefore,howto——isworthpayingattention.承上啟下，填要解決的問題。6.Firstly——解決辦法一。7.Secondly——解決辦法二。8.Forexample,——舉例解釋解決辦法二。9.Thirdly,——.解決辦法三。10.Inotherwords,——闡明解決辦法三。11.Infact,waysto——arecountless.指出解決問題的辦法多種多樣。12.It’stimethat——強調解決問題時不可待。2004年1月真題：ReduceWasteonCampusWiththeimprovementoflivingstandard,wasteoncampusisincreasinglyserious.

Itisnecessarythatsomethingshouldbedonetoreducewasteoncampus.Ontheonehand,ourwastehasalreadycausedagreatlossofpreciousresources,suchaswaterandelectricity.Ontheotherhand,ourwasteaddsourparentsaswellasoursocietyaburden.Therefore,howtoeliminatewasteoncampusisworthpayingattention.

Firstly,weshouldturnoffthelightwhenweleaveourdormsorclassroomssoastosaveelectricityasmuchaspossible.Secondly,weshouldstopwastingwaterwhenwebath,orwashclothesanddishes.Forexample,weshoulduseabasinwhenwecleanfaces.Thirdly,weshouldbeeconomical.InOtherwords,whengoshopping,weshouldbuyonlywhatwereallyneed.Infact,thewaystoreducewasteoncampusarecountless.

It’stimethatwecultivatethehabitofthriftineverypossibleway.觀點論證型作文模板1.Itistruethat——.提出普遍存在地觀點。2.However,——.談不同地觀點。3.Ithink——.自己地觀點，即文章地論點。4.——canbelistedasfollow.過度句，轉折到觀點地論證，由題目選擇具體的詞。5.Firstofall,——論證理由一。6.Secondly——論證理由二。7.Forexample——舉例具體說明理由二。8.Thirdly,——論證理由三。9.Acaseinpointis——.舉例說明理由三。10.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat——提出執(zhí)行該觀點時應注意的事項。11.Thereisnodoubtthat——得出結論。12.Inconclusion——總結全文。

ItPaystoBeHonestItistruethatmostofusvaluehonestyhighly.

However,nowadaysweoftenconfrontconfidencecrisissuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.Ithinkthatweshouldbehonestbecausebeinghonestisnotonlythewholesociety.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbetrulyrespectedbytheothersandcanmakemorefriendsoveralongperiodoftime.

Secondly,honesty,whichisthetraditionalvirtueoftheChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Forexample,consumerswillnotbeafraidofbeingoverchargedifdealersarehonest,andonthecontrarydealerscanwinmorecustomers.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursociety.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestyisofbenefittoboththesameandtheindividual.

Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldfosterthespiritofhonesty.Inconclusion,layingstressonhonestywillbecomethepublicmoralsinoursociety.28書信作文的格式稱呼(Salutation)稱呼指對收信人的稱呼.稱呼語后常用逗號“，”第一類書信是寫給個人.1)寫信人認識收信人,但關系不是很親密DearMr.(Miss,Dr,Prof等),后接收信人姓氏,如:DearMr.Smith,DearDrTan,DearMissChen,DearPresident，

2)寫給朋友，兩人關系較為親密，可直呼其名，如：DearMary,DearJack,DearMom,等．第二類書信是寫給某個團體組織或機構的．1)寫信人不認識其負責人,稱呼語可用DearSir，或者DearSirorMadam，

2)寫信人認識其負責人可稱DearMr.Black,DearProfessorChen.正文(Body)正文是信的主體部分，正文每段第一行往右縮進５個字母．英語信件習慣上不用“你好”開頭，可以直接用一兩句話講明寫信的目的．所以正文常為三個部分：開頭段，正文段和結尾段．

落款（complimentaryclose）

寫給公司或相識的人

Yourstruly,Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourscordially,

寫給上司或長輩

Yoursrespectfully,Yoursobediently,

寫給親朋好友

Yours,Alwaysyours,Yoursaffectionately,Kindregards,(With)bestwishes,Yoursincere/goodfriend,(With)love,Yourlovingmother/son，署名

(Signature)署名在結束語下面一行信紙中央梢偏右的位置，一般寫上全名．根據(jù)英語樣題，一律要求寫LiMing18HanzhengStreetWuhan,Hubei430020P.R.ChinaOct.25,1994DearMr.WilliamMadison,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Yourssincerely,

PatrickBakerMr.WilliamMadisonGeneralManagerRossEngineeringAssociates1767PalmStreetLongBeach,CA96104U.S.A.

IamasophomoremajoringinCivicEngineering.Iamwritingtoyoutosaysomethingaboutthecanteenserviceoncampus.Whensteppingintothebrightandspaciouscanteen,weareimmediatelyattractedbythewhitericeandthesmellofvariousdishes.Theservicepersonsarealwayssmilingandfairlyenthusiasticfortheirwork.Butwegetalittlesurprisedwhenpayingforthefood,becauseitspriceistwicethatoftheuniversitynearby.Thehighpriceisthebiggestobstacleforustohaveadeliciousmeal.Onthisaccountanumberofstudentshavetochoosethefoodthatischeapandwithlittlenutrition.Itisunhealthfultoourhealthandreducestheeffectivenessinourlearning.Soitisadvisabletodropthefoodpriceinourcanteen.Astowhatpercentageofpriceshouldbereduced,astudentpollmaybehelpful.Iamoneofthousandsofthestudentswhoarezealoustoseeouruniversitytakeeffortstoreducetheprice.

Yoursrespectfully,LiMingJanuary12th,2002DearMr.President,

圖表作文1)表格(table),它表示多種事物的相互關系

EDABCmnfgezpqxyoh2)曲線(curvegraph),它常用表示事物的變化趨勢:3)柱狀(BarGraph)

它用來表示幾種事物的變化情況及相互關系4)餅狀(PieGraph)

表示各事物在總體中所占的比例及相互關系

圖表式作文的特點一般涉及5個方面：描述圖表、指明寓意、分析原因、聯(lián)系實際、給出建議.四級考試一般從這5項內容中選出3個內容考察學生的寫作水平。Features

40圖表作文的基本寫作要求充分利用圖表中的信息，把握文字和說明，找出圖表所要表達的主題。仔細分析圖表提供的信息加以比較和歸納，選出具有代表意義的信息。避免過多引用。通過對圖表的分析，進行概括性的評論（變化趨勢和造成原因）的說明，最后得出結論。

UsefulExpressionsinGraphWritingWritingStrategy

WritingSteps(圖表作文的寫作步驟):

1)分析圖表及說明文字;

2)觀察數(shù)字變化趨勢,分析主旨,得出中心論點;

3)列提綱;

4)寫作

43

UsefulwordsandExpressionsinGraphWritingTable,diagram,graph,chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics,rate,speed,ratio,percentage,figures,(statistical)dataIncrease,decrease,reduce,decline,godown,goup,riseBeontherise/increase,decrease/declineSharply,smoothly,drastically,dramatically,approximately(1)Thegraphshows/tells/revealsthat…(2)Asisshown/canbeseeninthechartthat…(3)Thetablerepresentsthedevelopmentandchangesin…(4)Fromthetable/graph,itisobvious/apparentthatthenumberof…h(huán)asbeenonthedecline/increaseoverthepastfewyears.(5)Thelastfewyearswitnessedadrastic/dramaticincrease/decreaseinthenumberof…(6)Therapidincreasegrowth/decline/changeof…canbeattributedtovariousfactors.(7)Accordingtofiguresshowninthetable/graph/chart/piewecansee/concludethat…(8)Afteracarefulanalysisofthedata,wecandrawthefollowingconclusion…

Directions：

Forthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutes

towriteacompositiononthetopicReadingpreferences.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsandbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelowAnExample:

ReadingPreferenceofStudentsinanAmericanUniversityin2002CategoriesofBooksPercentageofBooksCirculationintheLibraryPopularFiction65.9%GeneralNonfiction18.2%Science/Technology/Education10.8%Art/Literature/poetry5.1%1)根據(jù)上表，簡要描述美國某大學學生借閱圖書的分布情況.

2）你對于這些學生閱讀偏愛的評論.

3）你通常喜歡閱讀哪一類書籍？說明理由.現(xiàn)象解釋型模板一1)Wehavewitnessed總體現(xiàn)象.

2)Accordingto

描述圖表,具體表現(xiàn)一.

3)And具體表現(xiàn)二

.

4)Manyreasonscontributeto過渡句.

5)Tobeginwith,原因一.

6)Moreover,原因二.

7)Inaddition,原因三.

8)Asaresult,導致結果.

9)Astome,作者的看法.

10)Firstofall,理由一.

11)Besides,理由二.

12)Toconclude,總結.描述現(xiàn)象闡述原因表明觀點

ReadingPreferences（范文）

1)Wehavewitnessed

thatcollegestudentsvaryin

readingpreference.2)Accordingto

thetableofthepercentageofbookcirculationinanAmericanuniversitylibrary,thecirculationofpopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsaccountsfor65.9%and18.2%respectively.3)And

thetablealsoshowsthatthecirculationofscience/technology/educationbooksandart/literature/poetrybooksis10.8%and5.1%

respectively.4)Manyreasonscontributeto

thisphenomenon.

5)Tobeginwith,popularfictionsusuallypossessmoreappealingplotsthanothertypesofbooksdo,somanyreadersareattractedby

popularfiction.

6)Moreover,

popularfictionsandgeneralnonfictionsareeasiertobe

understood.

7)Inaddition,scienceandartbooksdemandcertainknowledgeinspecial

fieldofstudy.

8)Asaresult,morestudentstendtochoosepopularfictionsandgeneralnonfictions.

9)Astome,I’minfavorofbooksofscienceandtechnology.

10)Firstofall,inordertodeepenwhatI’mlearning,Ineedreadmorebooksrelevanttomymajorandobservethenewdevelopmentinscienceandtechnological

circles.

11)Besides,thesebookscanalso

broadenmyvision.

12)Toconclude,collegestudentsshouldchoosebooksaccordingtotheirinterestsandneeds.

寫作的“七項基本原則”文章也講究松弛有度，老讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.1、長短句原則

2、主題句原則主題句通常放在句首Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam（主題句）.Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.

3、闡述觀點的一二三原則（1）first,second,third,last（不推薦，原因：俗）（2）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally（不推薦，原因：俗）（3）thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast（不推薦，原因：俗）（4）inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）（5）tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally（強烈推薦）（6）tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally（強烈推薦）（7）firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast（強烈推薦）（8）mostimportantofall,moreover,finally（9）ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（適用于兩點的情況）（10）foronething,foranotherthing（適用于兩點的情況）4、短語優(yōu)先原則寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，你的得分率將會降低；相反，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)一些精彩的短語，你的文章定會得高分。其二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數(shù)，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：Icannotbearit.可以用短語表達：Icannotputupwithit.Iwantit.可以用短語表達：Iamlookingforwardtoit.5、多實少虛原則寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。所謂虛詞是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應該只說nice這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospital之類的形象詞。再比如：走出房間，general的詞是：walkoutoftheroom但是小偷走出房間應該說：slipoutoftheroom小姐走出房間應該說：sailoutoftheroom小孩走出房間應該說：danceoutoftheroom老人走出房間應該說：staggeroutoftheroom6、修飾原則文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個的對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！Whetheryourtastesaremodernortraditional,sophisticatedorsimple,thereisplentyinLondonforyou.Nowadays,energycanbeobtainedthroughvarioussourcessuchasoil,coal,naturalgas,solarheat,thewindandoceantides.Wehavegottostudyhard,toenlargeourscopeofknowledge,torealizeourpotentialsandtopayforourlife.（氣勢恢宏）7、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則原理：在學生的文章中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：Theweatherbeingfine,alargenumberofpeoplewenttoclimbtheWesternHills.Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent,itssizebeingaboutthreetimesthatofChina.如果你可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！59四級寫作中如何選詞60ComparetheFollowingSentencesWeshould

use

different

waystogettoknowthesociety.Weoughtto

makeuseof

various

methodstogettoknowthesociety.Wearesupposedto

takeadvantageof

diverse

meanstogettoknowthesociety.61選詞的基本原則盡量用四級范圍內的積極的,活躍的，常用的詞或詞組。盡量用表達最貼切,最生動,最有力的詞或短語。盡量用最符合所寫話題,所用文體的詞或表達。62四級考生在措詞方面存在的問題：1、可供“調遣”的詞匯量貧乏，用詞大部分局限于中學詞匯。比如，我們一提到“重要的”，大多數(shù)同學首先會想到“important”這個單詞，那么提升一下的話就可以想到它的如下同義詞：significant,vital,crucial,critical，etc.2、表達相近意義時，常重復用一個詞，用詞單調。Eg.Big

=great,large,huge,vast,titanic,enormousetc.63策略

1、調動大學期間學過的更生動，更豐富的詞匯表達意思。Eg.引起、導致Cause,leadto,resultin,bringabout,giverise/birthto2、用具體，生動，有針對性的詞語。Eg.利用Use,makeuseof,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)useofsth,take(full)advantageof3、文中如需要多次表達同一詞義時，以同義詞，近義詞等避免重復使用同一詞。Eg.適應…Adaptto,adjustto,make…fit,getusedto,beaccustomedto64實例賞析ComputerandIIneverforgettheveryexcitingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichinterestedmesothatIindulgedmyselfinsearchingalotofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyedalotofpleasingclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.ComputerandIIneverforgettheexceedinglythrillingdaywhenmymotherboughtmeacomputerasbirthdaypresent,whichexertedatremendousfascinationonmesothatIindulgedmyselfingoogling

anarmyofusefulinformationIhadexpected,andenjoyaseaofmelodiousclassicmusic.ThatnightIwassleepless,feelingthatthewholeworldbelongedtome.exceedingly替換verythrilling替換excitingsth.exertatremendousfascinationonsb替換sb.beinterestedinsth.google替換searchanarmyof替換alotof

Forastart,wecan,freely,searchdesiredinformationatanymoment.Littlebylittle,ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.

Additionally,wecangethugerecreationsonlinebychatting,playinggames,ordeliveringemail.

Forastart替換TobeginwithWecan,freely,search用了插入語的寫作手法ourknowledgewillbewellenriched,andourhorizonswillbegreatlybroadened.用了非常精彩的被動Additionally替換Inaddition/BesidesDeliver替換send

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,inaway,especiallythegrowingviolence,***,pornpictures,AV-filmsemergingonthescreen,whichleadsquietafewnetcitizenstocopying.

Thereisnodenyingthat,however,computerscanfunctioninthedisserviceofhumanbeings,這個句子有三個精彩之處，首先Thereisnodenyingthat這個句型，還有however作為插入語，functioninthedisserviceof替換doharmtoEmerging代替appearing(fading代替disappearing)Netcitizen網民，屬于精彩用詞

Asaclassicproverbgoesthatnogardenhasnoweeds.Computersdoplayapositiveroleinthedevelopmentofpeople'lives,despiteasliceof

unfavorableimpacts.Weshould,therefore,takeadvantageofthefruitsandavoidtheoppositefacet.Nogardenhasnoweeds替換EverycoinhastwosidesComputersdoplay，do強調Positive替換important/good等Asliceof替換apartofUnfavorable替換badImpacts替換effects/influencesWeshould,therefore,takeadvantageof…使用插入語Fruits(而且fruits用的非常形象，merits/virtues)替換advantage(defects替換disadvantage)Facet替換aspect

7429個最經典的替換詞1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people,persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表語，可以有belessimpressive代替E.g.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,many,ifnotmost)代替many.注：用many,ifnotmost一定要小心，many后一定要有詞。E.g.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,代替most.5:asliceof,quietafew,several代替some

6:harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因為是書面語，所以要加that)7:affair,business,matter代替thing8:shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10:formypart,frommyownperspective代替inmyopinion11:Increasingly),growing代替moreandmore。所以當修飾名詞時用increasing/growing.修飾形容詞，副詞用increasingly(注意沒有growingly這種形式.E.g.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.7812..benefitialrewarding代替helpful13.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,代替customer14.littleifanything,或littleornothing代替hardly15.exceedingly,extremely代替very16.hardlyunnecessary,hardlyinevitable...代替necessary,inevitable17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb

代替sbtakeinterestin7918.captureone‘sattention代替attractone'sattention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger代替cause.22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth代替..reasonsforsth

8023.desire代替want.24.pourattentioninto代替payattentionto25.bearinmindthat代替remember26.enjoy,possess代替have(注意process是過程的意思)27.interaction代替communication28.frownonsth

代替beagainst,disagreewithsth

29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample81四級寫作中如何造句

82善用詞組

如果我們能夠在單詞的基礎上，進一步想到與之同義的詞組，那么文章就會顯得與眾不同，更具有英語的味道。比如上面所說的“重要的”這個單詞，當我們想到important的時候，如果從語法角度再稍加考慮一下，我們會想到“beofimportance”。因為，語法中規(guī)定：形容詞等于of加這個形容詞的名詞形式。如果再提升一步，我們還學過一個常用的詞組叫做“playanimportantrolein---”。83句型多樣簡單句，并列句和復合句交替使用，靈活使用各種句子結構如：插入語，倒裝句，強調句，非謂語動詞，疑問句等。若要寫好作文，要寫好句子，首先要掌握句子結構和句式變化及句子類型，可通過對泛讀課文經典句子的背誦提高應用語言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。84適當用代替主動，這樣能更客觀的反映事實,句子開頭不要總是用we/I(比如寫結尾時不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)舉個經典結尾2004年六月四級作文的最后一段：Itis,therefore,hightimethatsomeapplicableapproacheswereimplementedbytheserviceindustrylikethat.Thus，itscompetitiveedgewillbesharpenedeffectively.

1.被動句Overthepastcoupleofyears,severalcasesofthefoodscandalhavebeendisclosedonvariousmedia.

Promptandstrictmeasuresshouldbetakentoturnbackthiseviltrend.

Indeed,oneoutoffivestudentsisestimatedtobeinpossessionofatleastonecreditcard,andthefigureisexpectedtobeonthesteadyincrese,

862.插入語一種是有兩個逗號之間引起的成分稱之為插入語第二種是有兩個半破折號引起的成分稱之為插入語。Jinan,theSpringCity,isafamoustouristcity.Otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport—financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices—thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.87比如說把副詞、連接詞等，作插入語放在中間，一般放在主語后、動詞或者助動詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入語放在中間，一般放在動詞，助動詞前，兩邊分別加上逗號。比如說：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethat…

883.倒裝倒裝是我們寫作中需要用到的。雖然略顯俗套，但是卻是很能滿足閱卷人的主觀感受的。常用的倒裝形式有以下幾種：Only+時間狀語/介詞詞組Ex:Onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsofeliminatingcheatingatalllevelscanweexpecttohaveacleanersocietyandamorebeautifulfuture.Ex:Onlybyplanninghistimecarefullycanheimproveefficiencyandmakeachievements.89否定詞位于句首（hardlywhen;never;notonly---,butalso---;seldom，scarcely,rarely）Ex:SeldominmylifehaveImetsuchakind-heartedman.地點方位名詞位于句首

Ex:Innootherplaceintheworldcanonefindsuchenthusiasmforapplyingforhostingthe2008OlympicGames.904.修辭

無論是漢語寫作還是英語寫作，修辭其實非常的重要。它是作者寫作功底具體事例地展現(xiàn)。所謂修辭包括比喻、擬人、排比等等。這里僅舉一個比喻例子，還是拿“重要的”來舉例。當你用完詞組之后，如果你用上下面比喻句子，則文章就會顯得神采飛揚，試比較：91Thebicycleisimportantforus.Thebicycleisofimportanceforus.Thebicycleplaysanimportantroleinourlife.Thebicycle,environmentalfriendlyvehicle,playsanimportantroleinourlife.The