A8國職稱英語等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ?middot;A級(jí)專用

第一部分2010-2007年全國職稱英語

等級(jí)考試試題及詳解

2010年度全國職稱英語等級(jí)考試試卷

理工類A級(jí)

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1.lean'tputupwithmyneighborrsnoiseanylonger,it，Sdrivingmemad.

A.tolerateB.generate

C.reduceD.mensure

2.Regularvisitsfromasocialworkercanbeofimmensevaluetooldpeoplelivingalone.

A.equalB.immediate

C.moderateD.great

3.Hewasrathervagueaboutthereasonswhyheneverfinishedschcx）l.

A.brightB.unclear

C.generalD.bad

4.Iwanttoprovidemyboyswithadecenteducation.

A.specialB.private

C.generalD?good

5.Sleepstairscanpresentaparticularhazardtoolderpeople.

A.pictureB.danger

C.evidenceD.case

6.Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil.

A.doubtB.relief

C.failureD.confusion

7.Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment.

A.loveB.surprise

C.angerD.doubt

8.Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday.

A.energeticB.free

C.physicalD.regular

9.Ienjoyedtheplay——ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues.

A.boringB.original

C.humorousD.long

10.Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth.

A.attractB.spend

C.encourageD.require

11.Hedemolishedmyargumentinminutes.

A.supportedB.disproved

C.disputedD.accepted

12.Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear.

A.closeB.sell

C.breakD.combine

13.Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners.

A.politeB.usual

C.badD.similar

14.Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch.

A.hardworkingB.social

C.basicD.scientific

15.Hewaskeptinappallingconditionsinprison.

A.necessaryB.terrible

C.criticalD.normal

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的

是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有

提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

CaliforniaGivesGreenLighttoSpaceSolarPower

Energybeameddownfromspaceisonestepclosertoreality,nowthatCaliforniahasgiventhe

greenlighttoanagreementthatwouldseethePacificGasandElectricCompanybuy200

megawatt（》匕瓦）ofpowerbeameddownfromsolar-powersatellitesbeginningin2016.But

somemajorchailengeswillhavetobeovercomedifthetechnologyistobeusedwidely.

Astart-upcompanycalledSolarenisdesigningthesatellites,whichitsayswilluseradiowaves

tobeamenergydowntoareceivingstationonEarth.

Theattractionofcollectingsolarpowerinspaceisthealmostuninterruptedsunshine

availableingeosynchronous（與地球同步的）orbit.Earth-basedsolarcells,bycontrast,canonly

collectsun.

lightduringdaytimeandwhenskiesareclear.

Butspace-basedsolarpowermustgrapple（努力克月艮）withthehighcostperkilogramof

launchingthingsintospace,saysRichardSchwartzofPurdueUniversityinWestLafayette,

Indiana,“Ifyou,retalkingaboutitbeingeconomicallyviableorpoweroftheEarth,it*satough

go.”hesays.

CalBoerman,Solaren*sdirectorofenergyservices,saysthecompanydesigneditssatellites

withaviewtokeepinglaunchcostsdown."Weknewwehadtocomeupwithadifferent,revolu

一tionarydesignhesays.Apatentthecompanyhaswondescribeswaystoreducethesystem'

Sweight,includingusinginflatableminorstofocussunlightonsolarcells,soasmallernumber

cancollectthesameamountofenergy.

ButusingminorsintroducesotherchaHenges,includingkeepingthesolarcellsfrom

overhea-ting,saysSchwartz."Youhavetotakecareofheatdissipation^散發(fā)）becauseyou'renow

concen一tratingalotofenergyinoneplace,“hesays.Accordingtothecompany'spatent,

Solaren*ssolarcellswillbeconnectedtoradiatorstohelpkeepthemcool.

ThoughBoermansaysthecompanybelievesitcanmakespace-basedsolarpowerwork,itis

notexpectingtocrowdoutotherformsofrenewableenergy.LawsinCaliforniaandotherstates

requireincreasinguseofrenewableenergyincomingyears,hepointsout."Tomeetthoseneeds,

we'rego一ingtoneedalltypesofrenewableenergysources,hesays.

16.Solar-powersatelliteswilluseradiowavestobeamenergydownfromspace.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Solarenisgoingtodesign200solar-powersatellites.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Space—basedsolarcellscouldcollectsolarpoweronlywhenskiesareclear.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Oneadvantageofspace-basedsolarpowersystemisthatitiseconomical.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.Inflatableminorsareusedtoreducethespace—basedsolarpowersystem.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Space-basedsolarpowerwillruleoutotherformsofrenewableenergysources.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Manycountrieswillgrantpermissionfortheuseofspaced-basedsolarpowersoon.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23?30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：

⑴第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2-5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；

⑵第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

NaturalGas

1Naturalgasisproducedfromreservoirsdeepbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Itisafossilfuel

（礦物質(zhì)燃料），meaningthatitisderivedfromorganicmaterialburiedintheearthmillionsof

yearsago.Themaincomponentofnaturalgasismethane（甲烷）.

2Thepopularityanduseofcleannaturalgashasincreaseddramaticallyoverthepast50years

aspipelineinfrastructure（基石出設(shè)施）hasbeeninstalledtodeliveritconvenientlyandeconomically

tomillionsofresidential,commercialandindustrialcustomersworldwide.Today,naturalgas

serviceisavailableinall50statesintheU.S?，andistheleadingenergychoiceforfueling

AmericanhomesandidustriesoMorethan65millionAmericanhomesusenaturalgas.Infact,

naturalgasisthemosteconomicalsourceforhomeenergyneeds,costingone-thirdasmuchas

electricity.Inaddi——tiontoheatinghomes,muchofthegasusedintheUnitedStatesisusedasa

rawmaterialtomanu—factureawidevarietyofproducts,frompaint,tofibersforclothing,to

plasticsforheahhcare,con一putingandfurnishings.Naturalgasisalsousedinasignificant

numberofnewelectricity-generatingpowerplants.

3Naturalgasisoneofthesafestandcleanestfuelsavailable.Itemitslesspollutionthan

oth一erfossilfuelsources.Whennaturalgasisburned,itproducesmostlycarbondioxide（二氧

化碳）andwatervapor-thesamesubstancesemittedwhenhumansexhale.Comparedwithsome

otherfos—silfuels,naturalgasemitstheleastamountofcarbondioxideintotheairwhen

combusted（燃燒），makingnaturalgasthecleanestburningfossilfuelofal1.

4TheUnitedStatesconsumesaboutone——thirdoftheworld'snaturalgasoutput,makingitthe

largestgas—consumingregionintheworld.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy'SEnergy

InformationAd-ministrationforecaststhatnaturalgasdemandwillgrowbymorethan50percent

by2025.

5Therearehugereservesofnaturalgasbeneaththeearth'ssurface.Thelargestreservesof

naturalgascanbefoundinRussia,WestandNorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.LNG（液化天然

氣）hasbeenproduceddomesticallyandimportedintheUnitedStatesformorethanfourdecades.

Today,theleadingimportesofLNGareJapan,Korea,FranceandSpain.

23.Paragraph2.

24.Paragraph3.

25.Paragraph4.

26.Paragraph5,

A.Popularityanduseofnaturalgas

B.Naturalgasreservesandsupply

C.Naturalgasprices

D.Cleanfuelofchoice

E.Disadvantagesofnaturalgas

F.Naturalgasconsumption

27.Naturalgasisstoreddeep.

28.Naturalgasisrecognizedasthemosteconomicalenergysource.

29.Whenmanufacturingmanyproducts,peoplecommonlyusenaturalgas.

30.Itisestimatedthatby2025thatnaturalgasdemandintheUnitedStateswill

increase.

A.overthepast50years

B.beneaththeearthsurface

C.bymorethan50percent

D.formorethanfourdecades

E.asarawmaterial

F.forhomeenergyneeds

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31?45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

HowtheFirstStarsintheUniverseCameintoExistence

Howthefirststarsformedfromthisdustandgashasbeenaburningquestionforyears,buta

state-of-the-artcomputersimulationnowoffersthemostdetailedpictureyetofhowthesefirst

starsintheuniversecameintoexistence,researcherssay.

Thecompositionoftheearlyuniversewasquitedifferentfromthatoftoday,andthephysics

thatgovernedtheearlyuniversewerealsosomewhatsimpler.Dr.NaokiYoshidaandcolleagues

inJapanandtheU.S.incorporatedtheseconditionsoftheearlyuniverse,sometimesreferredto

astheucosmicdarkages,“tosimulatetheformationofanastronomicalobjectthatwould

eventuallyshineitslightintothisdarkness.

Theresultisadetaileddescriptionoftheformationofaprotostar-theearlystageofamassive

primordialstarofouruniverse,andtheresearchers?computersimulation,whichhasbeencalled

aacosmicRosettaStone."setsthebarforfurtherinvestigationintothestarformation

process.Thequestionofhowthefirststarsevolvedissoimportantbecausetheirformationsand

eventualexplo-sionsprovidedtheseedsforsubsequentstarstocomeintobeing.

Accordingtotheirsimulation,gravityactedonminutedensityvariationsinmatter,gases,

andthemysterioust4darkmatter?,oftheuniverseaftertheBigBanginordertoformthisearly

stageofastar-aprotostarwithamassofjustonepercentofoursun.Thesimulationrevealshow

pre-stellargaseswouldhaveactuallyevolvedunderthesimplerphysicsoftheearlyuniverseto

formthisprotostar.

Dr.Yoshida'ssimulationalsoshowsthattheprotostarwouldlikelyevolveintoamassivestar

capableofsynthesizingheavyelements,notjustinlatergenerationsofstars,butsoonaftertheBig

Bang.

“Thisgenealpictureofstarformation,andtheabilitytocomparehowstellarobjectsformin

differenttimeperiodsandregionsoftheuniverse,willeventuallyallowinvestigationintothe

originsoflifeandplanets,vsaidLarsHemquist,aProfessorofAstronomyatHarvardUniversity

andacoauthorofthislatestreport."Theabundanceofelementsintheuniversehasincreasedas

starshaveaccumulated,hesays,“andtheformationanddestructionofstarscontinuestospread

theseele.mentsfurtheracrosstheuniverse.Sowhenyouthinkaboutit.alloftheelementsin

ourbodiesoriginallyformedfromnuclearreactionsinthecentersofstars,longago.”

Theirsimulationofthebirthofaprotostarintheearlyuniversesignifiesakeysteptoward

theambitiousgoalofpiecingtogethertheformationofanentireprimordialstarandofpredicting

themassandpropertiesofthesefirststarsoftheuniverse.Morepowerfulcomputers,more

physicaldata,andanevenlargerrangewillbeneededforfurthercalculationsandsimulations,but

theseresearchershopetoeventuallyextendthissimulationtothepointofnuclearreaction

in.itiation-whenastellarob.jectbecomesatruestar.

“Dr.Yoshidahastakenthestudyofprimordialstarformationtoanewlevelwiththis

simulation,butitstillgetsusonlytothehalfwaypointtowardsourfinalgoal.Itislikelayingthe

foundationofaskyscraper,wsaidVolkerBromm,AssistantProfessorofAstronomyatthe

UniversityofTex.as,Austinandtheauthorofacompanionarticle."Wemustcontinueour

studiesinthisareatoun-derstandhowtheinitiallytinyprotostargrows,layerbylayer,to

eventuallyformamassivestar.Buthere,thephysicsbecomemuchmorecomplicatedandeven

morecomputationalresourcesareneeded.,,

31.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theearlyuniverse.

A.wasgovernedbysimplerphysics

B.gotfewerstarsshinninginit

C.startedover13billionyearsago

D.wascomposedinawaysimilartothatoftoday

32.Whatcanthestate-of-the.artcomputersimulationtellusabout?

A.HowtheBigBangoccurredabout13billionyearsago.

B.How“cosmicdarkages“cameintoexistence.

C.HowdustgrainsandgaseswereformedaftertheBigBang.

D.HowthefirststarscanleintobeingaftertheBigBang.

33.Whatdoestheuastronomicalobject“inparagraph2referto?

A.cosmicdarkages.B.dustgrainsandgases.

C.aprotostar.D.theearlyuniverse.

34.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatisNOTtrueaboutaprotostar?

A.ItdevelopedintoamassivestarduringtheBigBang.

B.Itevolvedfrompre-stellargases.

C.Itwasabletointegrateheavyelementswhenevolvingintoamassivestar.

D.Ithadamassofonepercentofthesun.

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,allofthefollowingaregoalsofthesimulationproject

EXCEPT

A.toknowmoreaboutthemassandpropertiesofthefirststarsoftheuniverse

B.tosimulatetheprocessofhowtheearlyuniversebegan

C.toapplythesimulationtothestudyofnuclearreactioninitiation

D.todiscoverthetruthaboutthefomiationofaprotostar

第二篇

TheIceman

OnaSeptember,dayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainbetweenAustraand

Italy.Highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight

（10,499feet,or3,200meters）,theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespecially

warmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethaniustusualandsothebodyhadcometothe

surface.Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton（骨架）wasinperfectconditionexceptawound

onthehead,remainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanax

andonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmade

oftreebark（樹皮）andaholderforarrows.

Whowastheman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswertothese

questions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwho

diedinWorldWarLsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthisarea.ASwisswoman

whobelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeand

whosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwas

probablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold.

Withmodemdatingtechniques,thescientistssoonlearnedthattheicemanwasabout5,300

yearsold.Bominabout3300B.C.,helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientists

thoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.More

recentevidence,however,tellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstill

stuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskin,butitcausedinternaldamageand

bleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswound,andnotfromthewoundoilthebackofhis

head.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofbattle.Itmayhavebeenpartoialarge

war,orhemayhavebeenfightiingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself.

Bystudyinghisclothesandtools,scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromthe

Icemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhedied，buthehas

givenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes.

36.Thebodyoftheicemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause.

A.hewaslyingontheice

B.twoGermanswereclimbingmountains

C.themeltedicemadehimvisible

D,hewasjustonamountainpass

37.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A.Theicemanwaskilledwhileworking.

B.Theicemancouldhavediedfromthewoundinthehead.

C.Theicemanlivedapoorlife.

D.Theicemanwasstruckdeadfrombehind.

38.AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouticemanEXCEPT?

A.hewasasoldierinWorldWarI

B.hecamefromItaly

C.hewasaSwisswoman'slong-lostfather

D.Hewasbornaboutathousandyearsago

39.Thescientistsmadethedeductionthattheiceman.

A.washitintheshoulderbyanarrowhead

B.wasprobablyinsomekindofabattle

C.hadgotawoundonthebackofhishead

D.hasatinyholeinhisskincausinghisdeath.

40.Theword“bandits“inparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby.

A.robbersB.soldiers

ChuntersD.shooters

第三篇

ScientistsMakeSweetDiscovering

Goodnewsforchocoholics：thetreatpreferredbymillionsallovertheworldisgoodfor

you,accordingtoAmericanresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia.Chocolatecontains

substancescalledflavonoidsthatcanhelpmaintainahealthyheartandgoodcirculation.The

researchershavediscoveredthatcocoaactslikeaspirinandthateatingabarofchocolatehasalso

beenshowntoreleaseendorphinsinthebody：thesechemicalshelptoreducepainandstressand

makeyoufeelhappy.

TheOlmecIndiansofMexicoandCentralAmericawerethefirsttogrowcocoabeans,in

about1500BC,andtheMayasweredrinkingunsweetenedcocahundredsofyearsbeforeit

becamefashionableinEurope.

In1544,adelegationofMayannoblesvisitedPhilipofSpainandgavehimjarsofcocoaasa

gift.CocoasoonbecamefashionableinSpainandPortugal.TheSpanishwerethefirsttoadd

sugartotheircocoadrink.

Bythemiddleofthecentury,solidchocolatewasbecomingfamiliar.In1765,JamesBaker

andJohnHananopenedthefirstchocolatemillintheUnitedStates,introducingchocolatetothe

averagecitizen.In1896,inSwitzerland,DanielPeterhadtheideaofaddingmilkinthe

chocolate一makingprocessandproducedthefirstmilkchocolate.

Sincethen,chocolatehasgrownenormouslyinpopularity.Oneofthebiggest

chocolate-eatingnationsisBritainwheretheaverageman,women,andchildeatsninekilosof

chocolateayear.Infact,chocolateisthenumberonecomfortfoodandtherearemorechocoholics

inBritainthananywhereelseintheworld.Researcherswarnthatalthoughchocolateisgoodfor

you,itshouldbeeateninsmallquantitiesandwithnoaddedmilk.

41.Whyischocolategoodforheartandcirculation?（定語從句）

A.Itreducespainandstress.

B.Itcontainssubstancescalledflavonoids.

C.Itreleasesendorphinsinhumanbody.

D,Itactslikeaspirintoprotectheart.

42.WhencocoawasfirstintroducedtoEurope,itsoonbecamefashionable.

A.asadrinkB.asagift

C.asfoodD.asamedicine

43.WhatdoesJamesBakersandJohnHanandoaboutchocolate?（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）

A.Theyproducethefirstmildchocolate.

B.TheyintroducechocolatetoEurope.

C.Theyaddsugartomakechocolatebars.

D.Theymakechocolateaccessibletoaverageman.

44.Whichisthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Chocolatecontainssubstancesthatmakepeoplefeelhappy.

B.Chocolateisgoodforhealthifitiseatenwithaddedmilk.

C.Eatingchocolateoccasionallycontributestoahealthydiet.

D.Chocolateislovedbymillionsofpeopleworldwide.

45.WhatiStheauthor'stoneabouteatingchocolates?

A.ambiguousB.negative

C.positiveD.humorous

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46?50題，每題2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其

分

別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

IJustKnowHowYouFeel

Doyoufeelsad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Doyouthinkthatthe

wayyoudisplaytheseemotionsisunique?WelLthinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostper

sonalfeelingsCaBbedividedintogroups,classified,andperhaps,taught.Thisweekseesthe

publicationofMindReading,aninteractiveDVD-romdisplayingeverypossiblehuman

emotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeel：thefirstvisualdictionaryofthe

humanheart.

TheattempttoclassifythehumanheartbeganwithDarwin.HisTheExpressionofthe

EmotionsinManandAnimals,publishedin1872,dividedtheemotionsintosixtypes—anger,

fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment.(46).

Everyotherfeeling,ofwhichtheremaybethousands,wasthoughttoderivefromthis

six-stronggroup.Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwerelikelytobelearnedandtherefore

morespecifictoeachculture.AnincredulousorindignantPacificislandermightnotbeableto

showanEssexgirlexactlyhowshefelt.

Butnowitisbelievedthat,whereasgesturesdonotcrossculturalboundarieswell,many

morefacialexpressionsthanDarwin'shalf-dozenaresharedworldwide.(47).The

MindReadingisasystematicrecordofeachoftheseexpressionsbeingactedout.

TheprojectwasconceivedbyProfessorSimonBaron-Cohenoftheautismresearchcentrein

Cambridgeasanaidforpeoplewithautism,whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemo

tion.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Novelists,actorsandportraitpainters

allneedtodrawuponawiderangeofemotionalexpression,andteacherscoulduseitforclasses

inpersonalandsocialdevelopment.

Baron-CohenJsteamfirsthadtodecidewhatcountedasanemotion.(48).Using

thisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedandputtoapanelwhohadtodecideifeach

repre.sentedaseparateemotion,oriftheyweresynonyms.Thatlistwaswhittleddownto412,

arrangedin24groups,from“afraid"to“wanting”.

Oncetheemotionswereclassified,aDVDseemedthemostefficientwaytodisplaythem.In

MindReading,eachexpressionsisactedout-sixtimes,bysixdifferentactors-inthreeseconds.

(49).Theexplanationforthisissimple：wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsu

singwords,butweinstantlyrecognizeonewhenweseeitonsomeone'sface."Itwasreallyclear

whentheactorshadgotitright,“saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD.

BUtthoughwefinditdifficulttodescribemanyemotions,weinstantlyrecognizeonewhen

weseeone."Evenwhentheactorswerestrngglingtogetanemotion,therewasasplitsecond

whenitwasabsolutelythere.Itwasreallyclearwhenthey,dgotit,“CathyCollis,whodirected

theDVD.Althoughtheactorsweregivensomedirection,theywerenottoldwhichfacial

muscletheyshouldmove."Sheadded(50)Forexample,whensomeonefeels

contempt,youcan'tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown.

SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkman,who

hasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinct

musclemovementscalled“actionunits”.Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10.000visible

facialshapes.Ekmanhaswrittenoutapaperoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteach

emotion.

A.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossible

tomakeclearrulesforthis

B.Theseparticularmusclesayedifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit.

C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreadtheemotionalexpres-

sions.

D.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"1feelvor“helooks”or

ashesounds”.

E.Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesesfeelingsayeuniversalandrecognizablebyanyone,from

anyculture.

F.Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotions,suchaswords,wouldhavebeenfarless

efiective.

第6部分：完形填空(第51?65題，每題1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity

Notaplanttobeseen,thedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswater,andresearch

scientistshavefounda(51)ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystem

isbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous.

Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackof

water.Butevenhere,wheretherearenolakes,riversorgroundwater,considerablequantitiesof

waterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsrael,forexample,annualaveragerelativeair

hu一midityis64percent一ineverycubicmeterofairthereaye11.5millilitersofwater.

Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomously

intodrinkablewater."Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergy

sources(52)thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaicceils,(53)makesthis

methodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill(54)functioninregionswherethereisno

electricalinfrastructure.saysSiegfriedEgner,headoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleof

the(55)isasfollows：hygroscopicbrine-salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisturerunsdown

atower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked(56)atankafew

metersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors(57)up

thebrine,whichisdilutedbythewaterithas(58).

Becauseofthevacuum,theboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthaaitwouldbeunder

(59)atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains：astheatmosphericpressure

thereislowerthaninthevalley,waterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100~C?The

evaporated,non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeina

controlledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn(60)producesthevacuumandsoa

vacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine(61)downthetowersurfaceagain

toabsorbmoisturefromtheair.

“Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater(62).Single-personunitsandplantssup-

plyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivable,saysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor

(63)systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearch

scientistshaveMready(64)theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Ina

further(65)theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.

51.A.roadB.channel

C.wayD.path

52.A.insp