組合機(jī)床外文翻譯

Developmentandapplicationofcombinedmachinetool

The

combination

of

machine

tools

based

on

general

parts,

workpiece

supported

bythe

specific

shapeanddesign

of

special

processing

of

parts

and

fixtures,

the

composition

semiautomatic

or

automatic

special

machine.

Combination

machinegenerallyadoptsmulti

shaft,

knife,

moreprocesses,

more

ormultiplelocationssimultaneouslyprocesses,andproductionefficiency

ratiogeneralmachinetoolhighseveraltimestoseveraltimes.Asgeneric

componentshavebeenstandardizedandserialized,mayneedtobeflexible

configuration,canshortendesignandmanufacturingcycle.Therefore,the

aggregatemachine-toolhastheadvantagesofhighefficiencyandlowcost,

thelarge,massproductiontobewidelyapplied,andcanbeusedtocompose

the

automatic

production

line.

Processing,

workpiece

generally

does

not

rotate,bymovementoftherotatablecutterandtoolandworkpiecerelative

feed

movement,to

achieve

drilling,

reaming,

counterboring,

reaming,boring,

milling,

cutting

and

processing

of

external

thread

face

and

etc..

Some

combinationmachineadoptsclampingworkpiecemachiningheadtorotate,by

thetoolforthefeedmovement,alsocanachievesomerotatingparts(such

ascarrearaxleflywheel,etc.)ofthefaceandprocessing.

IntwentiethCenturysincethe70's,alongwiththecuttingtoolwith

indexable

inserts,

densegearmilling

cutter,

boring

sizeautomatic

detection

andautomaticcompensationfortooltechnologydevelopment,combinationof

themachiningaccuracyofthemachinetoolisimproved.Millingplaneplane

ofupto0.05mmand1000mm,the

surface

roughnesscanbeaslowas2.5to

0.63

microns;

boring

accuracy

upto

IT7~6,

hole

distance

precision

canreach0.03~

0.02

micron.

A

dedicated

machineis

along

with

the

automobile

industry

development.Insomepartsofspecialmachinetoolforrepeateduse,and

gradually

developedinto

ageneral

components,resulting

in

acombinedmachine

tool.Theearliest

combinationmachineismadeinthe

UnitedStatesin1911,

fortheprocessingofautoparts.Initially,themachinetoolmanufacturing

1

planthasitsowngeneralcomponentstandard.Inordertoimprovedifferent

factoryuniversalinterchangeabilityoftheparts,andisconvenientforuserstouseandrepair.

TheDesignProcess

Designingstartswithaneedreal.Existingapparatusmayneed

improvementsin

durability,

efficiency,

weight,

speed,

orcost.

Newapparatus

maybeneededtoperformafunctionpreviously

donebymen,suchascomputation,

assembly,or

servicing.Withthe

objective

whollyorpartly

Inthedesignpreliminarystage,shouldallowtodesignthepersonnel

fully

todisplay

thecreativity,

noteachkind

ofrestraint.,

namelyin

front

ofthe

planblueprint

is

corrected.

Onlythen,

only

then

doesnot

sendtostops

upthe

innovation

the

mentality.

Usually,

mustproposeseveral

sets

of

design

proposals,

then

perform

the

comparison.

Hasthepossibility

verymuchin

the

planwhichfinally

designated,hasused

certainnotin

plansomeideas

which

accepts.

Whenthegeneralshapeandafewdimensionsoftheseveralcomponents

becomeapparent,

analysiscanbegininearnest.

Theanalysis

will

haveasits

objectivesatisfactoryorsuperiorperformance,plussafetyanddurability

with

minimum

weight,

and

a

competitive

cost.

Optimum

proportions

and

dimensionswillbesoughtforeachcriticallyloadedsection,togetherwith

abalance

betweenthe

strengths

oftheseveral

components.Materials

andtheir

treatment

will

bechosen.Theseimportantobjectives

canbeattainedonly

by

analysisbased

upontheprinciples

ofmechanics,such

asthoseofstatic

for

reaction

forces

andfor

the

optimumutilization

of

friction;

of

dynamics

for

inertia,acceleration,andenergy;ofelasticityandstrengthofmaterialsforstressanddeflection;ofphysicalbehaviorofmaterials;andoffluidmechanicsforlubricationandhydrodynamicdrives.Theanalysesmaybemadebythesameengineerwhoconceivedthearrangementofmechanisms,or,ina

2

largecompany,theymaybemadebyaseparateanalysisdivisionorresearch

group.Designisareiterativeandcooperativeprocess,whetherdoneformally

orinformally,andtheanalystcancontributetophasesotherthanhisown.

Productdesignrequiresmuchresearchanddevelopment.ManyConceptsofan

ideamustbestudied,tried,andtheneitherusedordiscarded.Althoughthe

contentofeachengineeringproblemisunique,thedesignersfollowthesimilarprocesstosolvetheproblems.Machinerydesigncoversthefollowingcontents.

Providesanintroductiontothedesignprocess,problemformulation,safetyfactors.

Reviewsthematerialpropertiesandstaticanddynamicloadinganalysis,

Includingbeam,vibrationandimpactloading.

Reviewsthefundamentalsofstressanddefectionanalysis.

Introducesfatigue-failuretheorywiththeemphasisonstress-life

approachestohigh-cyclefatiguedesign,whichiscommonlyusedinthedesignofrotationmachinery.

Discussesthoroughlythephenomenaofwearmechanisms,surfacecontactstresses,andsurfacefatigue.

Investigatesshaftdesignusingthefatigue-analysistechniques.

7.Discussesfluid-filmandrolling-elementbearingtheoryandapplication

8.Givesathoroughintroductiontothekinematics,designandstress

analysisofspur