2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)固原市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題(含答案)

2022-2023年寧夏回族自治區(qū)固原市大學(xué)英語6級(jí)大學(xué)英語六級(jí)真題(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarkinthefilmTheInventionofLying?

A.Helookstoothinforhisdate.

B.Heisthemosthonestman.

C.Lyingchangeshislifecompletely.

D.Helivesinalyingworld.

2.

Thenetworksofcommunicationsystemwhicharepeer-to-peerareonepropertyof4Gwirelesscommunication.

3.

Riversarenourishedbydirectprecipitation,whichusuallycontributesextremelysmalltothewatersurface.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Ifourteethbleedswhilebrushing,weshould______.

5.

Wal-Mart'sfrugalculturefindsfullexpressioninthepoorwagesandhealthcareplansitofferstoaverageemployeesand______.

6.

DennisandIlah'sincomeisatmid-levelinthesociety.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Disposableproductsarenotbeneficialtothedevelopmentofmodernindustry.

A.YB.NC.NG

8.

Defendingthemselvesagainstattack,testpreparationcompaniessaytheircoursesarebasedon______.

9.

Today,theterm"FedExapackage"haslongbeenrecognizedtomean______.

10.Onlineservicedeliveryofonecompanycanbesuppliedthroughnetworkofanotherthanksto______.

11.Thevolunteersweresurprisedatthefactthatineverydaydecision-making,people'sbeliefsareoften______.

12.

Thewriterproposestousethesamerateforalltypesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.IntellectualProperty

Thephraseintellectualproperty(IP)referstothebundleoflegalrightsthatarisefromthecreativegeniusofthehumanmind.IPrightsplayanimportantroleintheeconomicprosperityofacountryandserveasamotivatingforceforcreativeindividualstosharetheirgeniuswithsociety.Likerealandpersonalpropertyrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestintangible(有形的)objects,suchaslandandautomobiles,IPrightsprotectone'sownershipinterestinintangibleobjects,suchastheideabehindaninvention,themusicscoreforaBroadwayplayandthenameorlogousedtobrandaproduct.Withoutenforcementoftheserightsinthelaw,itwouldbedifficultforsocietytoprosperandgrow.Inthisarticle,youwilllearnwhatintellectualpropertyrightsareandthedifferencesbetweenitsvariousforms.

GeneralIntroduction

Whenmostpeoplethinkofintellectualpropertyrights,patents,trademarksandcopyrightscometomind.ThiscoresetofIPrightsrewardandprotectthecreativeworksofinventors,authors,ownersandsellersofgoodsandservicesinthemarketplace.Whilethelegalprinciplesthatunderlieeachoftheserightsaredistinct,theyeachshareacommonsetofprinciples.

Anawardofpatent,trademarkorcopyrightprotectionrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheinterestsoftheinventororauthorandtheinterestofsocietyasawhole.Thisbalanceisverymuchlikethetradeoffrequiredbyzoninglaws,whichattempttoprotecttheownershipinterestandexclusiverighttousethatalandownerhaswithsociety'sinterestinthelimiteduseoftheowner'slandforsociety'sgreatergood.Publicutilityeasementsandrightofwaysareexamplesofthisbalance.

Thegrantofapatentonanimportantinventionofalifesavingdrugrepresentsasimilarsetoftradeoffs.Isitfairtotheinventortoallowsocietyfreeaccesstothepatenteddrug?Isitfairtosocietytobedeniedaccessforitsgreatergood?Itistheroleofintellectualpropertylawtoharmonizetheseseeminglyconflictinginterests.

Intellectualpropertyrightsalsofosteracompetitivemarketplace.Theydosobyencouragingdisclosureofinnovationthroughprotectingthefruitsofthatinnovationforaperiodoftime.Disclosureallowsotherstobuildandimproveuponpriorinnovationsothatthestateoftheartcontinuestoevolveanddevelop.Withoutthebenefitsprovidedbyintellectualpropertyprotection,themarketplacewouldnotoperateeffectively.Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikeifeverycompetitorhadtocontinuously"reinventthewheel"ratherthanbeingabletorefineandimproveupontheworksofothers.

Finally,intellectualpropertyrightsareregionalinnatureandtheconditionsoftheirgrantandenforceabilityaregovernedbythelawsofeachjurisdiction(權(quán)限).AUSpatentcanbeonlygrantedandenforcedinaccordancewiththelawsoftheUnitedStates.AtrademarkcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinCanadainaccordancewiththelawsofCanada,andacopyrightcanonlyberegisteredandenforcedinMexicoinaccordancewithitslaws.Whilethereisadesiretobesomewhatuniform.andconsistent,countrieshavedifferentapproachestointellectualpropertyrightsprotection.VariationsintheprocedureforobtainingIPrightsaccountforalargepercentageofthesedifference,ratherthanthedifferencesinthesubstantiverightsgrantedineachcountry.

Thewords"patent"and"trademark"areoftenusedinterchangeably.Manytimes,wehearthatapatentisusedtoprotectalogoandthatatrademarkisusedtoprotectaninvention,andviceversa.Whilepatentsandtrademarksmaybeassociatedwiththesameproduct,thetwowordshaveverydifferentmeaningsandrefertoverydifferentformsofintellectualpropertyrights.Theycanseldombeusedinterchangeably,astheunderlyingrightsthat

A.Land.B.Automobile.C.Broadway.D.Logo.

14.Bluetooth

Whenyouusecomputers,entertainmentsystemsortelephones,thevariouspiecesandpartsofthesystemsmakeupacommunityofelectronicdevices.Thesedevicescommunicatewitheachotherusingavarietyofwires,cables,radiosignalsandinfraredlight(紅外線)beams,andanevengreatervarietyofconnectorsandplugs.

Theartofconnectingthingsisbecomingmoreandmorecomplexeveryday.AndBluetoothhasnowbecomeanewpopularmethodofconnectingdevicesthatcanstreamlinetheprocess.ABluetoothconnectioniswirelessandautomatic,andittakessmall-areanetworkingtothenextlevelbyremovingtheneedforuserinterventionandkeepingtransmissionpowerextremelylowtosavebatterypower.

BluetoothOperation

Bluetoothnetworkingtransmitsdatavia10w-powerradiowaves.Itcommunicatesonafrequencyof2.45gigahertz(千兆赫)(actuallybetween2.402GHzand2.480GHz,tobeexact).Thisfrequencybandhasbeensetasidebyinternationalagreementfortheuseofindustrial,scientificandmedicaldevices(ISM).

Anumberofdevicesthatyoumayalreadyusefakeadvantageofthissameradio-frequencyband.Babymonitors(微型監(jiān)視器),garage-dooropenersandthenewestgenerationofcordlessphonesallmakeuseoffrequenciesintheISMband.

OneofthewaysBluetoothdevicesavoidinterferingwithothersystemsisbysendingoutveryweaksignalsofabout1milliwatt.Bycomparison,themostpowerfulcellphonescantransmitasignalof3watts.ThelowpowerlimitstherangeofaBluetoothdevicetoabout10meters(32feet),cuttingthechancesofinterferencebetweenyourcomputersystemandyourportabletelephoneortelevision.Evenwiththelowpower,Bluetoothdoesn'trequirelineofsightbetweencommunicatingdevices.TheWallsinyourhousewon'tstopaBluetoothsignal,makingthestandardusefulforcontrollingseveraldevicesindifferentrooms.

Bluetoothcanconnectuptoeightdevicessimultaneously.Withallofthosedevicesinthesame10-meter(32-foot)radius;youmightthinkthey'dinterferewithoneanother,butit'sunlikely.Bluetoothusesatechniquecalledspread-spectrum.(擴(kuò)展頻譜)frequencythatmakesitrareformorethanonedevicetobetransmittingonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.Inthistechnique,adevicewilluse.79individual,randomlychosenfrequencieswithinadesignatedrange,changingfromone-toanotheronaregularbasis.InthecaseofBluetooth.thetransmitterschangefrequencies1,600timeseverysecond,meaningthatmoredevicescanmakefulluseofalimitedsliceoftheradiospectrum.SinceeveryBluetoothtransmitterusesspread-spectrumtransmittingautomatically,it'sunlikelythattwotransmitterswillbeonthesamefrequencyatthesametime.ThissametechniqueminimizestheriskthatportablephonesorbabymonitorswilldisruptBluetoothdevices,sinceanyinterferenceonaparticularfrequencywilllastonlyatinyfractionofasecond.

Piconets(個(gè)人域網(wǎng)絡(luò))

Let'ssayyouhaveatypicalmodernlivingroomwiththetypicalmodernStuffinside.There'sanentertainmentsystemwithastereo,aDVDplayer,asatelliteTVreceiverandatelevision;there'salsoacordlesstelephoneanda-personalcomputer.EachofthesesystemsusesBluetooth,andeachformsitsownpiconettotalkbetweenthemainunitandperipheral(外圍設(shè)備).

ThecordlesstelephonehasoneBluetoothtransmitterinthebaseandanotherinthehandset.Themanufacturerhasprogrammedeachunitwithanaddressthatfallsintoarangeofaddressesithasestablishedforaparticulartypeofdevice.Whenthebaseisfirstturnedon,itsendsradiosignalsaskingforaresponsefromanyunitswithanaddressinaparticularrange.Sincethehandsethasanaddressintherange,itresponds,andatinynetworkisformed.Now,evenifoneofthesedevice

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Tograde-grubbers,theyhavemorefearoffailingthan______.

16.

Theauthorsuggestedthatpeopleshouldeatmorefruits,vegetables,andplant-basedfoods,eatlesshigh-fat,high-caloriefoodswithinsufficientnutritionalvalue,stopsmoking,exerciseoftenandcontroltheirweightinordertoreducecancer.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.WhycouldAdamSmithbethelasteconomistasthefaceonabanknote?

A.Noeconomicthinkercouldbemorehonorable.

B.Cashisveryversatileandenduring.

C.Wewillnotneedmoneyinthenearfuture.

D.Electronicmoneywillreplacecashinthefuture.

18.

Theblack/whitetrickcanprovidepeoplewithmorethantwochoicesfortheirargument.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Foranexam,thecrammeralwayschoosetowaituntil______.

20.

Forbesisaboutasexcitedas______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.聽力原文：W:Heisaveryableman,andheisagoodtranslator.I'veneverseenanyDutchwhocanspeakandwritesuchgoodEnglish.

M:Doyoumeanyourhistoryteacher?Heissurelyaverylearnedman,notmerelyaforeignscholar.

Q:Whereisthehistoryteacherfrom?

(16)

A.HeisfromEngland.

B.HeisfromHolland.

C.HeisfromDenmark.

D.HeisfromSpain.

22.聽力原文：W:Goodmorning.

M:Morning,canIhelpyou?

W:Yes,I'dliketojointhelibrary.We'renewtothedistrictyousee.

M:Certainly.Wellallweneedissomesortofidentificationwithyournameandaddressonit.

W:Oh.Wejustmoved,yousee,andeverythinghasmyoldaddress.

M:Adrivinglicense,perhaps?

W:No,Idon'tdrive.

M:Yourhusband'swoulddo.

W:Yes,butonhislicenseisstilltheoldaddress.

M:Perhapsyouhavealetteraddressedtoyouatyournewhouse?

W:No,I'mafraidnot.We'veonlybeenthereafewdaysyouseeandnoone'swrittentousyet.

M:Whataboutyourbankbook?

W:That'sjustthesame.Ohdear,and1didwanttogetsomebooksoutthisweekend.We'regoingonholidaytorelaxafterthemove,yousee,andIwanttotakesomethingwithmetoread.

M:Well,I'msorry,butwecan'tpossiblyissueticketswithoutsomeform.ofidentification.Whataboutyourpassport?

W:What?Ohyes,howsillyofme.I'vejustgotanewoneanditdoeshaveournewaddress.I'vejustbeentobookourticketssoIhaveitonme.Justaminute.Hereyouare.

M:Thankyou.Well,that'sallright.Nowifyou'dliketogoandchooseyourbooksyourticketswillbereadyforyouwhenyoucomebacktothedesktohavethemstampedout.

W:Oh,thankyou.

(23)

A.Losthisbankbook.

B.Missedherhomeway.

C.Failedtoborrowbooks.

D.Puzzledbyregulations.

23.聽力原文：Overthepastdecade,theenvironmentalmovementhasexplodedontothemindsofmainstreamconsumers,afactnotlostonmarketersandadvertisers.Greenadvertisingstartedinthemid-1980swhenissuesoftheenvironmentmuscledtheirwaytotheforefrontofmarketing.Advertiserssawtheconsumerdesireforenvironmentallysafeproductsandtriedtomeetthedemandasquicklyaspossible.Notsurprisingly,thisfirstwavesufferedfromroughandpoorlyconceivedmarketingefforts.Manyadvertisersembracedagenuineconcernfortheenvironment.Butconsumersrealizedthatsomecompaniesmadefalseclaimsandexploitedthemovement,usingsuchambiguoustermsas"environmentallyfriendly"and"green."Consumersgrewwaryofenvironmentalappeals,andadvertisersreactedbyreducingitsemphasis.In1992theFederalTradeCommissionestablishedguidelines,forgreenmarketing,followedshortlybystategovernments.CaliforniaPassedparticularly:strictlaws,settingdefinitionsfortermslike"ozonefriendly","biodegradable",and"recycled".Accordingtothestate'scourt,"Californiaseekstoguardagainstpotentiallyinaccurateclaimsorecologicalboostaboutproductswithminimalenvironmentalattributes."Texas,Massachusetts,Minnesota,Tennessee,Connecticut,andWashingtonsoonfollowedtheGoldenState'slead.Therigidregulationshaveleftanumberofadvertisersconfusedandfrustrated,althoughsomefeelthatenvironmentalclaimshavealreadypeakedandareontheirwayout,Somebelievethatwe'venowenteredgreenadvertising'sthirdwave,duringwhichenvironmentalconcernispartofthemainstream,too.

(33)

A.Theywereexpensive.

B.Noonebelievesthem.

C.Theywereunsuccessful.

D.Theywereoftendeceptive.

24.聽力原文：W:Ihatethewaythetrainsruninthiscity.I'vebeenwaitinghereforalmostahalfhour.

M:It'salmosteighto'clock,soweshouldbeonourwaysoon.

Q:Whendidthewomanbeginwaitingforthetrain?

(16)

A.Seveno'clock.

B.Seventhirty.

C.Eighto'clock.

D.Eightthirty.

25.聽力原文：Wecanagreewithprimitivemanthatfoodisabasicneed,butwedifferfromhiminourfoodwantsbecauseofthewidevarietyoffoodwehaveavailablecomparedwithhim;wehaveawiderchoice.Takefruitforexample,notonlycanweenjoythefruitsgrowninhiscentury,butbecauseofmodernmethodsoftransportandfoodpreservation,wecanalsoenjoymorefruitsfromforeigncountries,whereasprimitivemanislimitedinhischoicetothekindsoffruitwhichactuallygrowwherehelives.

Howevertheydifferinsatisfyingtheirhunger,primitiveandcivilizedmenbothexperiencethebasicneedforfood.

Thesameistrueofthesecondofourhumanneeds.Clothingisnecessarytoregulatetheheatofourbodies.Sinceweliveinatemperateclimateweneedmoreclothesthanpeoplelivingintropicalconditions.Likewise,ourclothingneedstochangewiththeseasons.

Shelter,thethirdofourneeds,dependsupontheclimate,theskillofthebuilder,one'ssocialposition,andthematerialsavailable.Thesimpleshelterofprimitivemanwouldnotdoforus,andyetitsatisfieshisneeds.Thethree-bedroomsuburbanhouseoftheaveragefamilywouldnotbegrandenoughforarichfamily,andyetthemodernhousecontainsmanyofthematerialcomfortswhichweredeniedtotheKingsandQueensofold.

(33)

A.Foodisnolongerabasicneedforus,whileitwasforprimitivepeople.

B.Weeatawidevarietyoffood.

C.Wenolongereatfruitthatprimitivepeopleeverate.

D.Weeatmorefoodthanprimitivepeopledid.

26.聽力原文：W:Tony,whoarethestreetpeople?Howdidtheygettobelivinginthestreet?

M:Well,someofthemlosttheirjobs,someofthemhavementalproblems,andsomeofthemdrink.

Q:WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedasacauseofbecomingstreetpeople?

(16)

A.Unemployment.

B.Familybreakup.

C.Mentalproblems,

D.Drinking,

27.(29)

A.Thelocalgovernment.

B.Theinternetuser.

C.Somespecialorganization.

D.Nonehasbeenmentioned.

28.(19)

A.Sheshouldpresenthimabookonmusic.

B.Theteacherhassomeinterestsotherthanreading.

C.It'sagoodideabecausetheteacherlovesreading.

D.Theteacherwouldliketohaveabookonlanguageteaching.

29.(24)

A.Moneyisimportant.

B.Responsibilitymeansmorethansalary.

C.Highsalarysecuresbetterperformance.

D.Futureincomeismoreimportantthanstartingsalary.

30.聽力原文：M:You'reinsuchagoodmoodtodaythatIalmosthadnohearttotellyouthatyourhistorypaperisduetomorrow.Sorry,itslippedmymindyesterday.

W:That'sjustwhatI'dratheryoudidn'ttellme,althoughatleastnowIdon'thavetodecidewhetherornotIcangoouttonight.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(13)

A.Thewomanwillputoffherdecisiontostudy.

B.Thewomanwillnowjuststudyratherthangoout.

C.Thewomanwillgooutbecauseshe'sinagoodmood.

D.Thewomanwillhavetomakeadecisionwhethertostudy.

31.(35)

A.Stormsandfloods.

B.Diseaseandfire.

C.Rapidincreaseoftheanimalpopulation.

D.Lessspacefortheirgrowth.

32.聽力原文：W:Anyplansforyoursummervacation?

M:Yes.I'mgoingtotravelwithmyfriendsfromHongKong.We'llprobablyleaveinmid-JulyandcomebackatthebeginningofSeptember.

Q:Howlongwillthemantravel?

(13)

A.Onemonth,

B.Onemonthandahalf.

C.Twomonths.

D.Twomonthsandahale

33.

【B11】

34.聽力原文：M:Janet，here'sthebookyouloanedme．ButI'mabitembarrassedIcan'tseemtofindthejacketforit．

W:Iwouldhaveneverevennoticed.youareoneofthefewpeoplewhoactuallyreturnsbookstome.

Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

(15)

A.Thewomanissatisfiedthatthebookhasbeenreturned.

B.Thewomandoesn'tlikelendingbookstopeople.

C.ThemanfeelssorryforlosingJanet'sjacket.

D.Themancan't:findthebookhebon'owedfromthewoman.

35.聽力原文：W:Anewspapersurveyjustrevealedthatlargecarsaremuchsafertodrivethanthesmallermodels.

M:Iknowthat.IwishnowthatIhadboughtabiggercar.

Q:Whatsizecarhadthemanprobablypurchased?

(15)

A.Asmallcar.

B.Atrailer.

C.Alargecar.

D.Asmallforeigncar.

36.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

Alotofpeoplethinkthatsittingis【B1】______ontheirbacksthanstandingorlifting.Nottrue.Peoplewhosejobsrequirethemtositforlongperiodsoftime【B2】______asmuchfrombackpainaspeoplewholiftalldaylong.Manyworld-classresearchersbelievethatthehuge【B3】______inbackpainoverthepastcoupleof【B4】______—anditishuge--hasalottodowiththefactthatmoreandmoreofusarespendingourworkdaysinchairs.Manypeoplehavethe【B5】______that,iftheirbackpaingetsbadenough,theycanalwaysresortto【B6】______.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Theamountofpainsomeoneisinhasverylittletodowithwhetherornotheorshecould【B7】______fromsurgery.OneBritishresearcherhas【B8】______thatforevery10,000peoplewhoexperienceaboutbackpain,onlyfourneedsurgery.【B9】______.Nolonger.Twoorthreedaysofbed-restisnowthenorm.Afterthat,peopleareadvisedtoreturntotheirnormalactivities,graduallyifnecessary.Thereasonsforthe180°shiftarewhat'sinteresting.Foropeners,【B10】______.Inournextlecture,weshalllookattherelationbetweendepressionandchronicbackpain.【B11】______.

【B1】

37.(26)

A.Shewantsthemantolistentotheinstructionsandobserve.

B.Shewantsthemantowatchwhilesheperformstheoperations.

C.Shewantsthemantoaskquestionssothatshecanhelphim.

D.Shewantsthemantotrytodoitwhileshegiveshiminstructions.

38.聽力原文：W:Hello?

M:Hi,May,thisisBillJohns.

W:Ohhi,Bill.Youweren'tinengineeringclasstoday,wereyou?

M:Ihavetheflu.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldtellmewhatwenton.

W:Actuallywehadaninterestingclass.Dr.Collintalkedaboutanewtypeoffuel.

M:Oh,yeah?

W:Uh-hum.It'scalleddiethylorDME.

M:Oh,IrememberreadingsomethingaboutDME.It'smostlyusedinspraycans,right?

W:Right.DMEdoesn'tdestroytheozone,soit'sbeenenvironmentallyfriendly.

M:Butdoesn'tDMEpollutetheairifit'sburnedinanengine?

W:Dr.Collinsayssomethingaboutitsexhaustsbeingclear,thatitdoesn'treleaseasmuchpollutantsasdieselfuel,andhementionedsomethingaboutDMEbeingmoreefficientthanotheralternativefuels.

M:Whenwillitreplacedieselfuel?

W:Notforawhile.It'snoteconomicaltomassproduce.

M:Well,thanksfortheinformation.IguessIwon'tneedtoborrowyournotes.

W:Well,maybeyoushouldlookatthem.Wearehavingatestnextweek.

M:Okay,couldyougivethemtoMikeAndrews?Ithinkheisinyourpsychologyclass.Heismyroommate.

W:Sure.Ihopeyou'refeelingbettersoon.

M:Thanks.Metoo.Bye!

W:Bye!

(20)

A.Amoreeconomicaldieselfuel.

B.Characteristicsofanewtypeoffuel.

C.Whereanewenergysourceislocated.

D.Howtodevelopalternativeenergysources.

39.

【B5】

40.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：W:Whatanaccident!Ifyouhadbeencareful,thingswouldnotbeastheyare.

M:Whatdoyoumean,itwasmyfault?Ifitwere,surelyIwouldtakealltheresponsibilityforit.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(12)

A.Heisnottoblame.

B.Hewasresponsiblefortheaccident.

C.Hewilltakealltheresponsibility.

D.Hewillbemorecarefulnexttime.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Welearnfromthepassagethatpathologicalfatiguehappenswhen______.

A.youhavetobeintwoplacesatonce

B.thecellsaresubjecttoanexcessiveburden

C.thebodyisfreefromdiseases

D.youareinvolvedintoomanyactivities

42.

What'sthenextstepforMr.Berners-Leeandhiscolleaguesafter,circulatingtheirideasinpublic?

43.

Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

A.TohighlypraiseMs.Harris'swork.

B.TocounterMs.Harris'swork.

C.ToobjectivelyreportonMs.Harris'swork.

D.TocriticallycommentonMs.Harris'swork.

44.

Howmighttheteacherfindhimselfwastinglessontime?

A.Byspendinglessontimeonpronunciation.

B.Bynotusingbooksonspeechmechanicsonpronunciation.

C.Bynotgivingstudentsaclearmentalpictureofthedifferencebetweensounds.

D.Bymakingill-informedcommentsuponstudents'pronunciation.

45.

Tostrengthenmoralinstruction,parentsshouldfixintotheirchildren'smindasenseof______.

46.

AbouttheexperimentconductedbyDrRoberts,theauthortellsusthat______.

A.researchersareclearaboutwhoreceivedtheaerosolspray

B.experiment'srealintentionwasexposedtoallthevolunteers

C.researchersweresurprisedthataerosolsprayincreaseswearers'self-confidence

D.whattheyfoundinthestudyhasnotbeenpublishedyet

47.

Accordingtothepassage,the"wasteland"(Para.1)refersto_________.

A.WesternbadmenandWesterngoodmen

B.boringtelevisionprograms

C.themorningshows

D.televisionshowswithdesertsettings

48.

Whatisthepossibleconclusionofthearticle?

49.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Aproblemmorespecifictoschoolsthemselvesispervasivestudentpassivity—alackofactiveparticipationinlearning.Thisproblemiscommonlyfoundinbothpublicandprivateschoolsandallgradelevels.

Manystudentsdonotperceivetheopportunitiesprovidedbyschoolingasaprivilege,butratherasaseriesofhurdlesthataremechanicallyclearedinpursuitofcredentials(文憑)thatmayopendoorslaterinlife.StudentsareboredandmuchofthepervasivepassivityofAmericanstudentsiscausedbytheeducationalsystem.

Duringthiscentury,expandingstateandfederalgovernmentsfavoredlargeregionalschoolsasmoreefficientmeansofsupervisingeducationalcurriculaandensuringuniformity.Schoolstoday,therefore,reflectthehighlevelofbureaucraticorganizationfoundthroughoutAmericansociety.Suchrigidandimpersonalorganizationcannegativelyaffectadministrators,teachers,andstudents,andthisbureaucraticeducationalsystemfostersfiveseriousproblems.

First,bureaucraticuniformityignorestheculturalvariationwithincountlesslocalcommunities.Ittakesschoolsoutofthelocalcommunityandplacesthemunderthecontrolofoutside"specialists"whomayhavelittleunderstandingoftheeverydaylivesofstudents.

Second,bureaucraticschoolsdefinesuccessbynumericalratingsofperformance.Schoolofficialsfocusonattendancerates,dropoutrates,andachievementscores.Theyoverlookdimensionsofschoolingthataredifficulttoquantify,suchasthecreativityofstudentsandenergyandenthusiasmofteachers.Suchbureaucraticschoolsystemstendtodefineanadequateeducationintermsofthenumberofdaysperyearthatstudentsareinsideaschoolbuildingratherthantheschool'scontributiontostudents'personaldevelopment.

Third,bureaucraticschoolshaverigidexpectationsofallstudents.Forexample,fifteen-year-oldsareexpectedtobeinthetenthgrade,eleven-gradestudentsareexpectedtoscoreatacertainlevelonastandardizedverbalachievementtest.Thehighschooldiplomathusrewardsastudentforgoingthroughthepropersequenceofeducationalactivitiesintheproperamountoftime.Rarelyareexceptionallybrightandmotivatedstudentsallowedtograduateearly.Likewise,thesystemdemandsthatstudentswhohavelearnedlittleinschoolgraduatewiththeirclass.

Fourth,theschool'sbureaucraticdivisionoflaborrequiresspecializedpersonnel.High-schoolstudentslearnEnglishfromoneteacher,receiveguidancefromanother,andarecoachedinsportsbyothers.Noschoolofficialcomestoknowthe"full"studentasacomplexhumanbeing.Studentsexperiencethisdivisionoflaborasacontinualshufflingamongrigidlydividedfifty-minuteperiodthroughouttheschoolday.

Fifth,thehighlyburea