人文英語(yǔ)3（閱讀文章中英文對(duì)照）

人文英語(yǔ)3Unit1Reading1FamiliesHavingFewerChildrenNowadays如今家庭里孩子數(shù)少了Most

couples

whogetmarriedordecidetolivetogethergenerallyplantohavechildren.Severalyearsago,havingbigfamilieswascommonandpeoplethoughtofthisasan

advantage.

Thatwasmainlybecausechildrenbeganworkingatanearlyagetohelpprovideforthefamily.Butwiththechangingtimesandwiththecostoflivinggettinghighereverysingleyear,havingabigfamilyisnolongerconsidereda

practicaloption

.

Infact,moreandmorecoupleschoosetohaveonlyonechildandsomedonothaveanydesiretobecomeparentsatall.絕大多數(shù)已婚夫婦或者住在一起的伴侶都有要孩子的計(jì)劃。幾年前，人們認(rèn)為有個(gè)大家庭司空見(jiàn)慣，而且還被認(rèn)為是個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。主要原因在于孩子們很早就出來(lái)工作，幫助養(yǎng)家。但是隨著時(shí)間的推移和生活成本的逐年提高，擁有一個(gè)大家庭不再被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)很可行的選擇。事實(shí)上，越來(lái)越多的夫婦選擇只生一個(gè)孩子，有些人甚至根本不想要孩子。Indeed,thetrendofhavingfewerchildrenstartedafewdecadesago.AccordingtotheAustralian

InstituteofFamilyStudies,by1986,womenaged40to44years,were

considerablymorelikelytohave

givenbirthtotwochildrenthanthreechildren(36%vs.27%)orfourormorechildren(19%).

However,takentogether,womenwerestillmorelikelytohavehadthreeormorechildrenthantohavehadtwochildren(46%vs.36%).

的確，這種少生孩子的趨勢(shì)在二三十年前就出現(xiàn)了。根據(jù)澳大利亞家庭研究院的研究，截至1986年，40~44歲年齡段的婦女生兩個(gè)孩子的（36%）遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于生三個(gè)（27%）或四個(gè)（含）以上的（19%）。然而，綜合來(lái)看，生三個(gè)以上孩子的婦女（46%）仍然要多于生兩個(gè)的（36%）。Twodecadesago,womenweremorelikelytohavehadtwochildrenthanthreeormorechildren—atrendthatwasmostmarkedinthemostrecentperiod(38%vs.25%in1996;38%vs.22%in2006).Nowadays,mostfamiliesinAustraliahavetwochildren.Butthenumberofwomenwhohadgivenbirthtoasinglechildincreased

progressivelyfromonly8%in1981to13%in2006,anditshouldbeevenbiggernowadays.二十年以前，生兩個(gè)孩子的婦女比生三個(gè)（含）以上的婦女多，這個(gè)趨勢(shì)在近年來(lái)變得更加明顯。（兩者的數(shù)量百分比在1996年分別為38%和25%，在2006年分別為38%和22%。）如今，大多數(shù)的澳大利亞家庭中有兩個(gè)孩子。但只生育一個(gè)孩子的婦女?dāng)?shù)量比例在逐漸增加，從1981年的8%上升為2006年的13%，現(xiàn)在的比例會(huì)更大。TheU.S.CensusBureaustatesthatthereareapproximately14milliononlychildreninAmericatoday.Thiscomprises20%ofthechildren'spopulationcomparedtoonly10%aroundfiftyyearsago.

據(jù)美國(guó)人口普查局報(bào)道，美國(guó)如今有接近1400萬(wàn)的獨(dú)生子女。這個(gè)數(shù)占孩子總數(shù)的20%，而50年前僅占10%。Unit1Reading2StopYellingatYourKids別再對(duì)你的孩子大吼大叫Parentingishard.Ifyou'reaparent,I'msurethatIdon'tneedtotellyouthatourjobisatoughone.

Whenyou'remanagingchildren,itcanbedifficulttorememberthattheyarestilllearning.Ifyoufindthatyouare

yelling

atyourkidsmoreoftenthanyouwantto,herearesomewaysthatcanhelpyoureducetheyelling.I'vebeenworkingonthisforthepastfewmonthsandIhavetosay,it'sbeen

amazing

forboththekidsandme.養(yǎng)兒育女不容易。如果你已為人父母，我覺(jué)得就不需要告訴你這是一項(xiàng)多么艱巨的任務(wù)了。當(dāng)你在管理孩子的時(shí)候，很難時(shí)刻記得他們還在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中。如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己常常對(duì)孩子大吼大叫，而你并不想這樣，這里有一些方法也許能幫助你減少這種行為。在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里我一直都在探索，我不得不說(shuō)，這些方法對(duì)我和我的孩子們都很有效。Ifyouarehavinganargumentwithyourchild,youneedtomakesureyoubothtakethetimetoreallylisten.

Itgivesbothofyoutimetothinkandreallylistentoeachother,whichisimportant.

Kidsaremorelikelytolistentoyouifyoulistentothem!如果你和孩子之間發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，你應(yīng)該確保你們彼此花時(shí)間互相傾聽(tīng)對(duì)方。給雙方時(shí)間去思考和認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)對(duì)方的心聲，這是非常重要的。如果你愿意傾聽(tīng)孩子們的心聲，孩子們也非常樂(lè)意傾聽(tīng)你的想法。Oneofyourbiggest

strugglesistoremindyourselfof

appropriateexpectations.

Youcan'texpectthatyouryoungestactsas

responsiblyasyouroldest.

Youshouldlowerwhatyouexpect—takingintoconsiderationthingsliketheirage—itcanmakeabigdifference.

你最大的一個(gè)糾結(jié)就是提醒自己對(duì)孩子要有合理的期望。你不應(yīng)該期望最小的孩子能和最大的孩子那樣，做事認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)。你應(yīng)該降低你的期望值，要考慮他們的年齡等因素，這樣做會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的變化。Youshoulddoyourbesttotakeamomentbeforeyellingandtakeinadeepbreath.Itmakesaworldofdifferenceforyou.Insteadofyelling,you'dbetter

whisper.Itcanalsohelp

diffuseanysituationbymakingthingsquieter,notlouder.Besides,themoretimeyouspendwithyourkids,thebetteryou'llgetatcommunicatingwiththem.

You'rebothmorelikelytounderstandeachother.在你發(fā)火吼叫之前用一點(diǎn)時(shí)間做個(gè)深呼吸，會(huì)有天壤之別的。不要大聲吼叫，而要輕聲細(xì)語(yǔ)，這樣，可以幫助緩和當(dāng)時(shí)的情況。此外，你陪伴孩子的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，你就越能更好地和他們溝通，你們就越容易理解對(duì)方。Ifyourchildrenaren'tlisteningoritseemstheyonlydon'tlistentoyou,youdon'ttakeitpersonally.

Youshouldremindyourselfthatyourkidsarestilllearningandthey'renotgoingtobeperfect.如果孩子們沒(méi)有認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)或者看上去就是不聽(tīng)你的話，你也不要太在意。你要提醒自己孩子們還在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中，他們并不完美。Unit2Reading1CaringfortheElderly關(guān)愛(ài)老人Caringfortheelderlyisnotaneasytask,andtherearenohardandfastrulesonhowitshouldbedone.

Herearesometipsyoucanapplytomakelifeeasierandhappierforbothyouandthepersoninyourcare.關(guān)愛(ài)老人不是一件容易的事，該如何做，缺乏嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則。這里有一些建議，可以讓你和你關(guān)愛(ài)的老人相處得更加輕松和愉快。Para1

Establisharoutine建立日常慣例Organizethe

performanceofdailyactivitiesinaroutinemanner,sothattheyareperformedinthesamewayandatthesametimeeveryday.

Thisroutinewill

establishasenseofstructureandincreasefeelingsofcontrolandsafety.

However,thisroutinecanbebrokenwithunplannedeventsoccasionally,aselderlypeoplemayfindthe

routinestructuretooboringand

restrictive

.

以常規(guī)方式組織日?；顒?dòng)，以便每天在相同時(shí)間以相同方式來(lái)完成這些活動(dòng)。這種慣例會(huì)形成一種按部就班的感覺(jué)，并增加控制感和安全感。然而，由于老人可能認(rèn)為這樣的慣例安排既枯燥又受限制，所以這種慣例偶爾會(huì)被計(jì)劃外的事情所打破。Para2

Gettoknowthem逐漸了解老人Itisimportantthatyougettoknowtheelderlyinyourcare,theirdailyhabits,likesanddislikes,etc.Thebetteryouknowtheperson,thehigherthequalityofcareyoucanprovide.

逐漸去了解你所關(guān)愛(ài)的老人，了解他們的日常習(xí)慣與好惡，這點(diǎn)很重要。你越了解老人，你給他們提供的關(guān)愛(ài)質(zhì)量就越好。Para3

Treatthemwithrespect以尊重的態(tài)度對(duì)待他們Ifelderlypeopledonothaveyourrespect,theywillfeelliketheyarebeingpushedaroundoraskedtodothingsthattheydon'twantto.Thiscanleadtoabadrelationship.Bytreatingelderlypersonsinyourcarewithrespect,youcandevelopastrongbondwiththem.Besides,youcantalktothemlikeadults,showyourloveandrespect,whichwillnotonlymakethemfeelgood,butmayalsogainyoutheirrespectinreturn.

如果老年人得不到尊重，他們就會(huì)感到被人擺布或者被要求做他們不想做的事。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致糟糕的關(guān)系。以尊重的態(tài)度對(duì)待你所關(guān)愛(ài)的老人，你會(huì)和他們形成牢固的關(guān)系。此外，你可以像和成年人那樣與他們談話，表達(dá)你的愛(ài)和尊重。這不僅能讓他們感覺(jué)良好，還能使你獲得他們對(duì)你的尊重。Para4

Mentalstimulation進(jìn)行心理刺激Itisbettertotrytokeepthemoccupiedwithchallenginggames,likecrosswordsorchess,whichwillkeeptheirmindssharp.

Theyliketodiscussworldeventsandtheirlifehistorieswithyou.Thiswillgivetheelderlypeopleafeelingofself-worthandmakethemfeelneeded.

最好讓他們總是忙于具有挑戰(zhàn)性的游戲，比如填詞游戲或下棋，這會(huì)讓他們的頭腦保持靈活。他們喜歡和你討論世界大事和生活經(jīng)歷。這會(huì)讓老年人感覺(jué)有自我價(jià)值和被需要的感覺(jué)。Para5

Socialinteraction參與社交活動(dòng)Organizeandencouragesocialinteraction.Remainingconnectedtootherpeopleandtheworldisimportantfortheelderly.

Itkeepstheelderlyfeelingmore

engaged.Encouragethemtotalktootherresidentsorparticipateingames,discussionsordaytrips.Helpthemtodevelopastrongrelationshipwithaneighbor.Itisimportantfortheelderlytotalktoothersandmakefriends.組織并鼓勵(lì)老年人參與社交活動(dòng)。與其他人及外界保持聯(lián)系，對(duì)于老年人來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。這會(huì)讓老年人會(huì)感到更加投入。鼓勵(lì)他們與其他居民聊天或參與游戲、討論或一日游活動(dòng)。幫助他們與鄰居建立牢固的關(guān)系。與他人聊天并交朋友對(duì)于老年人來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的。Unit2Reading2DemandforElderlyCareServicesinChinaIsRisingContinually中國(guó)老人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)需求不斷增長(zhǎng)Thenumberofelderlypeopleagedabove60hasincreased.DemandforelderlycareservicesinChinawillcontinuetoriseduetotheincreasedaging

population.Thenumberofelderlypeopleagedabove60wasover200millionin2012,andwillbe300millionin2025and400millionin2034,accordingtotheexperts.60歲以上老年人口數(shù)量已經(jīng)增長(zhǎng)。在中國(guó)，由于老年人口數(shù)量不斷增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)老年人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)的需求也將會(huì)持續(xù)增加。根據(jù)專(zhuān)家統(tǒng)計(jì)，2012年60歲以上老年人口的數(shù)量超過(guò)2億，到2025年和2034年將分別達(dá)到3億和4億。ItwillbeatoughchallengeforChinatodealwith,duetotheincreasingratesof

urbanization

anda

decreasing

birthrate.

TheChinesepeoplewillbefacingabigchallengeifwedonothaveenoughmoneywhenwegetolder.由于城鎮(zhèn)化率的不斷提高和人口出生率的不斷下降，老齡人口增長(zhǎng)對(duì)于中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)我們中國(guó)人變老的時(shí)候，如果沒(méi)有足夠的金錢(qián)，將會(huì)面臨很大的挑戰(zhàn)。TheUnitedNations

defines

anagingsocietyasonethathas10percentofitspopulationatorabovetheageof60.

聯(lián)合國(guó)把老齡化社會(huì)定義為60歲（含）以上老人達(dá)到總?cè)丝诘?0%。Whenmostdevelopedcountrieswereclassedasanagingsociety,theirgross

domestic

product(GDP)

percapita

stoodatbetween5,000to10,000U.S.dollarsorabove.

However,Chinabecameanagingsocietyin2001,anditsGDPpercapitawasonly1,000U.S.dollars.Itwas6,000U.S.dollarsin2012.China'seconomic

foundationforanelderlysocietyis

fragile.大多數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家被界定為老齡化社會(huì)時(shí)，其人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為5000~10000美元，或者更高。然而，2001年中國(guó)開(kāi)始步入老齡化社會(huì)，其人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值僅有1000美元。2012年達(dá)到6000美元。中國(guó)老齡社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)是脆弱的。OnSeptember13,2013,theStateCouncilissueda

guideline

tospeedupthedevelopmentofChina'selderlycareservices,hopingtocompleteasocialcarenetworkforitselderlyby2025.

2013年9月13日，國(guó)務(wù)院已經(jīng)頒布了加快中國(guó)老年人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)的發(fā)展綱要，希望到2025年建設(shè)完成老年人社會(huì)關(guān)愛(ài)網(wǎng)。Unit3Reading1ASaferCommunity一個(gè)更加安全的社區(qū)TheWichitaFallsPoliceDepartmentistryingtohelp

curb

crimeinneighboringcommunitiesthroughoutthecity.OnSaturdayWichitaFallsPolicegaveafreetwo-hourpresentationtohelplocalskeeptheircommunitycrimefree.

威奇塔福爾斯警局鎮(zhèn)正努力遏制整個(gè)城市相鄰社區(qū)犯罪的發(fā)生。本周六，該警局的警察就如何保持社區(qū)零犯罪記錄給當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褡隽藘尚r(shí)的免費(fèi)講座。Morethan20people

showedupattheMartinLutherKingCenterineastWichitaFallstobepartofthepresentation.當(dāng)日，20多人來(lái)到位于威奇塔福爾斯東部的馬丁路德金中心，參加了講座。WichitaFallsPoliceOfficerJeffHughessaidthattheywantedtomakesurethe

folksouttherewereawaretheyweredoingeverythingtotakeawaytheopportunityfromabadguy.以威奇塔福爾斯警局的警官杰夫·休斯說(shuō)，他們想讓所有人都意識(shí)到警察正在盡一切努力不給壞人留有任何機(jī)會(huì)。Hughesremindedthose

inattendance

thattheirhomescouldbeanopeninvitationtocriminals.

Oneofthebiggestwaystopreventcrime,accordingtoHughes,istouseCPTED,alsoknownasCrimePreventionThroughEnvironmentalDesign.休斯警官提醒在場(chǎng)的人們，他們的家園對(duì)犯罪分子來(lái)說(shuō)，可是很有吸引力的。（言下之意，家庭要做好防盜保護(hù)。）根據(jù)休斯警官的建議，最好的預(yù)防措施就是使用CPTED，即通過(guò)環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)防犯罪?！癟hebiggestsite,thatwearedealingwithnow,thatweare

endorsing

fully,isNextdoorandit'ssimplyjust.”休斯警官說(shuō)：“我們現(xiàn)在正在搭建的最大的網(wǎng)站，也是我們?nèi)χС值?，就是這個(gè)網(wǎng)站?！盩hesiteisfreeandithelpslocalssetupa

virtual

communitythattheycan

interact

withfromthecomfortoftheirownhome.該網(wǎng)站是免費(fèi)的，旨在幫助當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窠⒁粋€(gè)虛擬社區(qū)，在這個(gè)社區(qū)里居民可以足不出戶，互相聯(lián)動(dòng)?！癢ithitallhappensinawebbasedprogramwhereifyousendsomethingoutitgetstothatgrouporthatpersoninstantly,andtheywillgetan

alertontheirphoneoranemail,

”saidHughes.“在網(wǎng)站上，你通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)程序向任何人或群組發(fā)送任何消息，他們的電話或電子郵件里會(huì)馬上會(huì)收到一個(gè)提醒?！毙匏拐f(shuō)。AccordingtoHughes,hehasalreadyseena

positiveimpactlocallyfromthesiteandhopesitcancontinuetoexpandinWichitaFalls.休斯警官認(rèn)為，他已經(jīng)從網(wǎng)站上看到了對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)生的積極效應(yīng)，并希望可以在威奇塔福爾斯市繼續(xù)推廣使用。Unit3Reading2MakingYourHomeaSaferPlace讓你的家成為一個(gè)更加安全的地方Wealltendtothinkthatwearesafeinourhomes,butunfortunately,manyhomesarenotassafeastheyaresupposedtobe.Itisimpossibletomakeyourhome100%burglar-proofbuttherearewaystoimproveyourhomesafety.我們總是以為待在家中是安全的，但遺憾的是，很多時(shí)候家并不像人們想象的那樣安全。讓你的家百分百防盜是不可能的，但還是有很多方法可以提高家的安全性。Alwayslockthedoorandwindowswhenyougooutforworkorevenifyouareinsidethehouse.Theburglarscantakeadvantageoftheopportunityinaminute.外出上班甚至即使在家，也永遠(yuǎn)記住要鎖好門(mén)窗。入室盜竊者可以在瞬間就抓住可乘之機(jī)。Be

suspicious

ofstrangers.Youcanneverknowwhoispretendingto

conduct

aresearchorwhoisusingitasa

disguise

toseeifyourhomeisworthbreakingin.

要當(dāng)心陌生人。你根本不知道哪些人在假裝進(jìn)行調(diào)研，或者只是把它作為幌子來(lái)查看你家是否值得破門(mén)而入。Neverleavevaluablesorcashinvisibleplaces.Hidethemoutofsightbecausetheymayattractburglars.不要把貴重物品或現(xiàn)金放在顯眼之處。把它們存放在不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方，否則會(huì)引起盜竊者的注意。Donotleavethedoorkeyunder

planters

,

doormatsorsimilarhidingplaces.Theburglarsknowexactlywheretolookforit.不要把鑰匙放在花盆、門(mén)墊或類(lèi)似的存放之處，搶劫者清楚地知道從哪兒找鑰匙。Teachyourchildrennottoopenthedoororanswerthephonewhentheyarehomealone.Althoughitisbettertomakeanimpressionthatyourhouseisnotempty,childrenmay

unintentionallyrevealtoomuch,forexample,whenthehomeisempty.教育孩子獨(dú)自在家的時(shí)候不要打開(kāi)房門(mén)或接電話。最好是讓盜竊者以為家中有人，但孩子無(wú)意之間會(huì)透漏出一些信息，比如家里什么時(shí)候沒(méi)有人。Consider

installan

alarmsystem.Aloudsoundalarmusuallydrivestheburglarsawaybeforetheycanstealanythingfromyourhome.考慮安裝一個(gè)防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，響亮的報(bào)警聲通?？梢云仁贡I匪在盜竊之前倉(cāng)皇而逃。Makesureyouhavegoodlightingoutsideduringthenight.Well-lithomesare

deterringtheburglarsbecausetheyincreasetheriskofbeingnoticedwhile

stickingaround

thehouseortryingtobreakin.

確保屋外夜間有良好的燈光。家里燈火通明對(duì)盜賊是個(gè)威懾，因?yàn)楫?dāng)盜賊在房子周?chē)毫艋蛘咂髨D破門(mén)而入的時(shí)候，燈光會(huì)增加他們被發(fā)現(xiàn)的概率。Unit4Reading1CrimePrevention預(yù)防犯罪Thelawdefinesyouthful

offenders(age18orunder)as“

delinquent”iftheycommit

offenses

.

Asforthesameoffenses,thecourtwouldconsideranadultasa“criminal”.“

Statusoffenders”arejuvenileswhocommitoffensesappropriateonlytojuveniles,suchas

truancy

fromschool.Hereareafewideastohelppreventyourchildrenfrombecomingdelinquent.

法律規(guī)定，18歲以下（含18歲）的未成年人違法，稱為“少年犯”。同樣的違法情形，法庭會(huì)將成人視為“罪犯”。“不良青少年”指存在不良行為的青少年，這些行為僅限于青少年，如逃學(xué)。以下這些方法可以預(yù)防你的孩子違法。Keepyourchildreninschooltohelpprevent

delinquency.Minoroffenses,suchastruancy,canleadtomoreseriousoffenses.Makecleartoyourchildrenyourexpectationsabouttheirschoolattendance.

Meetwithschoolofficialsifnecessary.讓孩子堅(jiān)持去上學(xué)可以預(yù)防犯罪。輕微的不良行為如逃學(xué)可以導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的犯罪。讓孩子明白你期望他們?nèi)ド险n。如果有必要，約見(jiàn)學(xué)校管理人員。Exerciseadequatesupervision.Juvenilesrarelycommitseriousoffenseswhileunderthesupervisionofanadult.Seekthe

assistanceofyourlocalserviceagenciesifyoufeelyoucannotcontrolyourchildren.Attendparentingclasses,orjoinalocalsupportgroupifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandinghowtoexercise

discipline.

加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。在成人的監(jiān)管下，青少年鮮有嚴(yán)重的罪行發(fā)生。如果你感到對(duì)管教孩子束手無(wú)策時(shí)，可以尋求當(dāng)?shù)胤?wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的支持。如果你在理解如何管教孩子方面有困難，可以參加家長(zhǎng)學(xué)?；蛘呒尤氘?dāng)?shù)氐淖稍儥C(jī)構(gòu)。Educateyourchildrenaboutthedangersofdrugs.Drugoffensesand

addictioncanhaveserious

consequencesforyourchildren.Letyourchildrenknowyouwillnot

toleratedruguse.Stayinformedaboutdrugusetrendsinchildren.讓孩子了解毒品的危害。毒品犯罪和吸食成癮會(huì)給你的孩子帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果。向孩子表明你對(duì)毒品是零容忍的態(tài)度。及時(shí)了解孩子們沾染毒品的趨勢(shì)。Getyourchildren

involvedinafter-school

recreationalactivities,sports,communityserviceorotherpositiveactivities.Youngpeoplewithpositive

outletsfortheirenergyaremorelikelytodowellinschoolandavoidtheproblemsofdelinquency.鼓勵(lì)孩子參與課外活動(dòng)、體育項(xiàng)目、社區(qū)服務(wù)或者其他有益的活動(dòng)。能夠正面釋放精力的年輕人在學(xué)校里能夠表現(xiàn)更好，而且能夠避免犯罪問(wèn)題。Knowwhoyourchildren'sfriendsare.Showaninterestinyourchildren'ssociallifeandpeergroups.Peerpressuremayhaveabadeffectonteenagersandyoungpeople.Donotallowyourchildrento

associatewithjuveniledelinquents.

了解孩子結(jié)交的朋友。關(guān)注孩子的社交生活和伙伴。同伴之間的壓力有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)青少年和年輕人帶來(lái)負(fù)面的影響。不要讓孩子跟未成年犯來(lái)往。Unit4Reading2StepstoPreventInternetCrimes預(yù)防網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的步驟TheInternethasbeenacommonpartofourdailylife.Asmillionsofpeoplehave

accesstotheInternet,criminalslookfor

potentialvictims

online.

Childrenareespecially

vulnerabletoonline

predators

.Criminalsmay

luretheminto

inappropriatechatroomsoraskthemtogoout,whichmaydothemgreatharm.HereareafewideastoprotectyourselfandyourfamilyfrombecomingavictimofInternetcrimes.網(wǎng)絡(luò)已成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械囊徊糠?。由于成百上千萬(wàn)人們具備了上網(wǎng)條件，犯罪分子會(huì)在線物色潛在的受害者。兒童尤其容易成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)獵手的受害者。罪犯或是誘惑兒童進(jìn)入不適宜的聊天室，或是誘騙他們出來(lái)，這些都會(huì)對(duì)兒童帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重危害。下面一些方法可以保護(hù)你和你的家人不受網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的侵害。Installanti-spywareandantivirussoftware.Anti-spywarehelpsprevent

spyware

frombeingused.Installing

antivirussoftwarehelpspreventyourcomputerfrombeing

infected

withavirus.安裝反間諜和防病毒軟件。反間諜軟件可以預(yù)防間諜軟件的使用。安裝防病毒軟件可以防止電腦中毒。Turnonyour

firewall

.Thishelpsprevent

hackersfromgettinginformationsuchaspasswordstobankaccountsandotherinformationtheycouldusetostealfundsorstealyouridentity.啟動(dòng)防火墻，這樣可以防止黑客獲取您的個(gè)人信息，如登陸銀行賬戶的密碼以及其他可能會(huì)盜取你的資金和身份的信息。Helpyourchildrenchoosethewebsitestheygoto.SetrulesandlimitsforyourchildrentousetheInternet.Usesoftwarethatblocksoutcertaininappropriatewebsitesincaseyoucan'tkeepaneyeonallthetime.

幫助你的孩子選取他們適宜瀏覽的網(wǎng)站。為孩子使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)制定規(guī)則并且進(jìn)行一定限制。萬(wàn)一有時(shí)你無(wú)暇留意，可以利用軟件阻止一些不良網(wǎng)站。TalkwithyourchildrenaboutInternetcrimes.Tellchildrentotalktoyouaboutanythingthathappensinappropriatetothemonline.跟孩子講講有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪的事，要求孩子把他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上碰到的任何不宜的情況告訴你。進(jìn)行在線購(gòu)物和提供信用卡信息時(shí)，確保使用安全網(wǎng)站。當(dāng)你覺(jué)得網(wǎng)站可疑時(shí)，在支付之前應(yīng)該好好核查。Usesecuredwebsiteswhenpurchasingitemsonlineandgivingcreditcardnumbers.Whenyouaresuspiciousofthewebsite,checkitoutbeforeyoupayanymoney.

在線購(gòu)物并使用信用卡號(hào)碼時(shí)，要使用安全的網(wǎng)站。如果懷疑網(wǎng)站安全，付賬前務(wù)必核查清楚。ReportsuspectedInternetcrimes.Youcan

contact

yourlocalpoliceofficetoreportInternetcrimesandtheywillsendaspecialagenttolookintothematter.及時(shí)報(bào)告可疑的在線犯罪線索。你可以向當(dāng)?shù)鼐謭?bào)告網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪，他們會(huì)安排專(zhuān)人進(jìn)行調(diào)查。Unit5Reading1PublicSpeaking公開(kāi)演講Publicspeechesarespeechesdeliveredinpublicforaspecialpurposesuchasopenclasslecturesor

seminarsinauniversity,

religiouspreachings

inthechurch,speechesatmeetingsorconferences,the

inauguraladdressofthepresidentelect,etc.

Intermsof

mode

,thereare

impromptuspeeches,

extemporaneousspeeches,speechesfromreciting,speechesfrom

manuscript

,

butmanyofthespeechesarewrittentobespokenbeforeanaudience.Mostofthesehavesomethingincommon:todefine,toexplainsomethinginorderto

arousetheinterestoftheaudienceandtoobtaintheirsupport,

approvalorconsent.

Forthosepurposes,thespeakerwillhavetoappeartobefriendlytotheaudienceinordertoidentifyhimselfwiththemandto

evolvetheiremotionalsupport.

Atthesametimehewillhavetouseeverymeanstomakehisspeech

persuasive,

engagingand

convincing

.公開(kāi)演講是為了某一特定目的而公開(kāi)進(jìn)行的演講，如大學(xué)里的公開(kāi)課講座或研討會(huì)、教堂里的布道、會(huì)議上的演說(shuō)、當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)的就職演說(shuō)等。就方式而言，有即興演講、脫稿演講、背誦演講、按手稿演講，但是大多數(shù)演講稿都是在演講前寫(xiě)好的。多數(shù)演講有一些共同之處：界定或解釋某件事情，為了激發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的興趣，得到他們的支持、贊成或同意。為了這些目的，演講者必須表現(xiàn)友好，與聽(tīng)眾打成一片，并逐漸得到他們的情感支持。同時(shí)，演講者還必須想方設(shè)法使他的演講具有說(shuō)服力、耐人尋味、令人信服。Publicspeechesaredeliveredorally,buttheyareoftenwellpreparedinwritinganddeliveredonformaloccasions.Sotheyarestronglyinfluencedbythe

characteristics

ofthewrittenlanguage.

Forinstance,theyareoftenpoliteintone,formalinstyle.Bigandabstractwords,nounphrases,completesentences,complicatedsentencestructures,

parallelismsand

rhetoricaldevicesareoftenfoundinpublicspeeches.Generallyspeaking,thelanguageusedinpublicspeechesisformalinstyle,clearandvividintone,andpersuasiveinpurpose.公共開(kāi)演講是通過(guò)口頭表達(dá)的，但通常都是認(rèn)真完成稿件后才在正式場(chǎng)合進(jìn)行演講。因而明顯受到書(shū)面語(yǔ)言特征的影響。例如，演講通常采用禮貌語(yǔ)氣，風(fēng)格上比較正式。公開(kāi)演講常常會(huì)使用大而抽象的詞匯、名詞短語(yǔ)、完整的句子、復(fù)雜的句型、并列結(jié)構(gòu)和較多修辭手段等?？偟恼f(shuō)來(lái)，公開(kāi)演講中所使用的語(yǔ)言文體比較正式，語(yǔ)氣清晰生動(dòng)，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)。Asfarastypeisconcerned,thereare:theinformativespeech,thepersuasivespeech,theentertainingspeechand

stimulatingspeech.

就類(lèi)型而言，有信息型演講、勸說(shuō)型演講、娛樂(lè)型演講和激勵(lì)型演講。Generallyspeaking,therearefourwaystodeliveraspeech:readingfromamanuscript,recitingfrommemory,impromptuspeaking,andextemporaneousspeaking.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，演講方式有四種：按手稿演講、背誦演講、即興演講和脫稿演講。Unit5Reading2ASpeech—BetterLivesforAll演講：讓生活更美好Intoday'ssociety,workingpeoplecanseldomfindtimetorelaxintheirbusy

schedules

.Theyoftenworkovertimebecauseoftoomuchworkwaitinginqueue,whichendsupcausingalotofphysicalandmentalproblems.

在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，上班族很少能在繁忙的工作日程中找到時(shí)間去放松一下。他們經(jīng)常加班，因?yàn)樘嗟墓ぷ饕粋€(gè)接一個(gè)地等著他們?nèi)ネ瓿桑Y(jié)果引發(fā)了身體和精神方面的諸多問(wèn)題。Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplearenowawarethat

relaxationandstress-reliefarenecessaryforlife.One'shealthshouldneverbe

sacrificed

foraneedtoworkhard.

Indeed,findingtimetorelaxmakespeopleworkmoreefficiently.幸運(yùn)的是，越來(lái)越多的人現(xiàn)在意識(shí)到放松和減壓對(duì)于生活是必需的。永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該為了努力工作的需要而犧牲人的健康。事實(shí)上，抽出時(shí)間去放松一下會(huì)提高工作效率。Manypeopleplantripstospendtheirfreetimetravelingwiththeirlovedones.Thismayhavebeena

luxury

inthepast,butithasbecomemorecommoninrecentyears.Travelingathomeandabroadhasnowbecome

convenientand

affordable許多人計(jì)劃和親人們利用閑暇時(shí)間去旅行。這在過(guò)去可能很奢侈，但近年來(lái)已經(jīng)比較普遍?，F(xiàn)在，在國(guó)內(nèi)外旅游已經(jīng)很方便而且能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起了。Going

joggingandgoingtothegymafterworkhavealsobecomemorepopular,astheyareratherconvenientwaystoexerciseandstayfit.Exercisinghelpsrelaxyourbodyandhasbeenshownto

relieve

mentalstressaswell.Thisdemandfor

recreationandleisureservicehasalso

stimulate

theeconomy,asnewbusinessesarecreatedtomeettheseneeds.下班后去慢跑和去健身房也更受歡迎，因?yàn)檫@些都是便捷的鍛煉形式和保持健康的方法。鍛煉有助于放松身體，也可以緩解精神壓力。這些娛樂(lè)和休閑服務(wù)的需求也刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)，新的商機(jī)伴隨著這些需求應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。Insum,workinghardisimportant,buthavingagoodqualityoflifecanactually

facilitateyoursuccessatwork.

Knowingwhenandhowtorelaxshouldbeapartof

well-balancelifestyles.Takeawalkoutdoors,visitthegym,orgojogging.Youwillfindthatyourtimewasnotwasted,evenifitwasnotspentworkinginyouroffice.總之，努力工作是重要的，但擁有好的生活質(zhì)量實(shí)際上可以幫助你在工作上獲得成功。懂得何時(shí)和如何放松應(yīng)該是均衡生活方式的一部分。出去戶外散步，去健身房，或去慢跑。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)即使你不在辦公室工作，你的時(shí)間也沒(méi)有被浪費(fèi)掉。Unit6Reading1ImportanceofLearningaForeignLanguage學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的重要性Thereareanumberofreasonswhyweshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.

Learninganotherlanguageisimportantforbothworkandtravel.Itisalsoimportantfor

makingrealconnectionswithotherpeople.Lastly,itcangiveusagreaterunderstandingofourownlanguage.學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)有很多種原因。學(xué)習(xí)另外一門(mén)語(yǔ)言，對(duì)工作和旅游都很重要。想要與其他民族的人進(jìn)行交流，學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)也很重要。此外，學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)還能幫助我們進(jìn)一步了解自己的母語(yǔ)。Learningaforeignlanguagewoulddefinitely

enhanceourchancesofgettingajob.

Whenweworkinaforeigncountry,itwillbenefitus

immensely

ifwecanspeakitslanguage.Wewouldbeabletoworkwithalldifferenttypesofemployees,andthiswillgiveusalong-term

career

success.學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)肯定會(huì)提高我們找到工作的幾率。當(dāng)我們?cè)趪?guó)外工作時(shí)，會(huì)講該國(guó)的語(yǔ)言將會(huì)非常便利。我們可以與不同類(lèi)型的員工一起工作，這將帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期的職業(yè)生涯成就。Speakingaforeignlanguagegivesusunderstandingofacountry'sculture;it

enablesustoseehowotherpeopleseetheworldaroundthem.Ifwetravelorworkinaforeigncountry,thinkhowmucheasiereverythingwouldbeifwecouldspeakthelocallanguage.Itwouldbeeasiertofinddifferentplaces,askfordirections,andeven

orderfood.掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)可以幫助我們知曉一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化，了解其他國(guó)家人民的世界觀。當(dāng)我們?cè)诋悋?guó)工作或旅行時(shí)，會(huì)說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言可以使事情變得簡(jiǎn)單。找地方、問(wèn)路和點(diǎn)餐時(shí)都會(huì)很方便。Finally,ifwespeakaforeignlanguagewewillactuallyimproveourownfirstlanguage.Otherlanguagesopenourmindstonewwaysofthinking.Forexample,Inuitshavemorewordstodescribesnowandiceasitissuchanimportantpartoftheirlives.最后，如果能掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，我們的母語(yǔ)水平也會(huì)有所提升。其他語(yǔ)言會(huì)拓展我們的思維方式。例如，因紐特人有更多的詞匯來(lái)描繪雪和冰，因?yàn)楸┦撬麄內(nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾M成部分。Languageiswhatmakesushuman.Itishowwe

shareourthoughtswith

theworld.Withoutlanguage,therewouldbenowaytocommunicateandexpressourselves.Themorelanguagesweknow,themorewayswehavetocommunicateandexpressourselves.8Thisiswhylearningmanylanguagesshouldbeimportant,andwhyonelanguagesimplywon'tdo.語(yǔ)言使我們區(qū)別于其他動(dòng)物。語(yǔ)言是我們與世界交流想法的方式。沒(méi)有語(yǔ)言，我們將無(wú)法與人溝通和表達(dá)自我。我們懂的語(yǔ)言越多，溝通和表達(dá)方式就會(huì)越多。這也是我們學(xué)習(xí)多門(mén)語(yǔ)言的重要性，也是為什么學(xué)習(xí)單一語(yǔ)言所做不到的。Unit6Reading2English,theGlobalLanguage全球通用語(yǔ)言——英語(yǔ)Englishisspokenasanativelanguagebyaround377millionpeople,andasasecondlanguagebyaround375millionspeakersintheworld.SpeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguagewillsoon

outnumberthosewhospeakitasafirstlanguage.

Around750millionpeoplearebelievedtospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguage.

Englishhasanofficialoraspecialstatusin75countrieswithatotalpopulationofover2billion.世界上以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人接近3.77億,而作為第二語(yǔ)言的人約有3.75億人。英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的人數(shù)將很快超過(guò)作為母語(yǔ)的人數(shù)。把英語(yǔ)當(dāng)成外語(yǔ)的人據(jù)說(shuō)有7.5億人。英語(yǔ)在75個(gè)國(guó)家占據(jù)一定官方地位或特別地位，約占20億人口。The

dominationoftheEnglishlanguage

globallyisasurething.Englishisthelanguageofinternationalcommunications,business,tourism,education,science,computertechnology,mediaandtheInternet.Surprisingly,70%ofallinformationstoredintheInternetisinEnglish.英語(yǔ)全球化的主導(dǎo)地位已經(jīng)不容置疑，英語(yǔ)是國(guó)際交流、商務(wù)、旅游、科技、電腦技術(shù)、媒體和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等方面通用語(yǔ)言。令人驚訝的是，70%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息都是用英語(yǔ)存儲(chǔ)的。British

colonialism

inthe19thcenturyandAmericancapitalismandtechnologicalprogressinthe20thcenturywere

undoubtedlythemaincausesforthe

spreadofEnglishthroughouttheworld.

Fromthefifteenthcentury,theBritishbegantosailallovertheworldandbecameexplorers,

colonistsand

imperialists.TheytooktheEnglishlanguagetomanyplaces.Forthelasthundredyears,theU.S.A.hasplayedaleadingroleinmostpartsoftheworld.

TheHollywoodfilmindustryalsoattractedmanyforeignartistsin

questof

fameand

fortuneandthenumberofAmericanfilmsproducedeveryyearsoon

floodedthemarket.

19世紀(jì)的英國(guó)殖民主義以及20世紀(jì)的美國(guó)資本主義與技術(shù)進(jìn)步，無(wú)疑都是推動(dòng)英語(yǔ)在全球范圍內(nèi)傳播的主要原因。15世紀(jì)以來(lái)，英國(guó)人就開(kāi)始航游世界并成為探索險(xiǎn)者、殖民者、帝國(guó)主義者。他們將英語(yǔ)傳播到許多地區(qū)。在上個(gè)世紀(jì)，美國(guó)在世界的大部分地區(qū)發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用。好萊塢蓬勃的電影產(chǎn)業(yè)也吸引了許多追逐名利的外國(guó)藝術(shù)家，每年大量美國(guó)影片如洪水般涌入市場(chǎng)。However,thefutureofEnglishasagloballanguagewilldependverylargelyonthepolitical,economic,

demographic

andculturaltrendsintheworld.

然而，英語(yǔ)作為全球語(yǔ)言的未來(lái)很大程度上還將取決于全球的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人口和文化等方面的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。Unit7Reading1FreeMassiveOnlineOpenCourses(MOOCs)免費(fèi)大規(guī)模在線開(kāi)放課程（慕課）Aclasswithhundredsoreventhousandsofstudentsmightsoundlikeateacher'sworst

nightmare

.

Butabigideainhighereducationthesedaysis

MassiveOpenOnlineCourses,orMOOCs.一堂課有成千上萬(wàn)學(xué)生，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是老師最可怕的噩夢(mèng)。但是，近來(lái)在高等教育領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生一個(gè)偉大構(gòu)想——大規(guī)模在線開(kāi)放課程，也稱慕課。Someuniversitiesofferfree,non-

creditMOOCsavailabletoanyoneintheworld.Otherschargeforcoursesandprovidecredits.Theideaisstilldeveloping.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologystarteditsfirstMOOCin2012.Theschoolplanstooffermanyfree,non-creditcoursesthroughaprojectcalledMITx.ManyChineseuniversitiesarebeginningtoofferfreeMOOCsnow,too.一些高校向全世界所有人提供免費(fèi)的無(wú)學(xué)分在線開(kāi)放課程。一些高校則提供收費(fèi)的有學(xué)分課程。這個(gè)構(gòu)想仍在不斷發(fā)展。麻省理工學(xué)院于2012年開(kāi)設(shè)了最早的一堂慕課。該校計(jì)劃通過(guò)一個(gè)名為MITx的項(xiàng)目，提供大量免費(fèi)的無(wú)學(xué)分課程?，F(xiàn)在，許多中國(guó)高校也開(kāi)始提供免費(fèi)慕課。Nowadays,MOOCsalmostcovereverytopic,likecomputerscience,technology,mechanics,engineering,languages,etc.如今，慕課幾乎涉及所有主題，如計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、技術(shù)、機(jī)械、工程、語(yǔ)言等。Generallyspeaking,therearenoformaleducation

requirements

forthesefreeonlinecourses.Studentswatchshortvideos.Then,theytakeinformal,ungradedquizzesafterthevideoseachweekforcertainweeks.Quizzesarepartofthelectureprogramtokeepstudentsengagedandkeepthemthinking,forstudentstobeabletocheckthattheyunderstoodwhatwascovered.

Theycan

repeatedlywatchthevideosandtakethequizzeswhenevertheywant.

Studentsreceivehomework.Theycanjoinonlinegroupstoexchangequestionsandanswersaboutthecourses.Theteachersholdvirtualofficehourstoanswerquestionsthatthestudentshaveposted.Theyalsopresenttheirownquestionsandobservations.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些免費(fèi)在線課程沒(méi)有正式的教學(xué)要求。學(xué)生觀看短視頻。然后，他們每周參加非正式的不分級(jí)測(cè)驗(yàn)，并持續(xù)幾周。小測(cè)驗(yàn)是講座課程的一部分，可以吸引學(xué)生參與，不斷思考，并且檢驗(yàn)自己是否理解了所學(xué)內(nèi)容。他們可以隨時(shí)反復(fù)看錄像并做測(cè)驗(yàn)。學(xué)生也有作業(yè)。他們加入在線小組，交流與課程相關(guān)的問(wèn)題和答案。老師們提供虛擬辦公時(shí)間回答學(xué)生發(fā)帖中的問(wèn)題。他們也提出自己的問(wèn)題和見(jiàn)解。Some

supportersclaimedthattherearethingsthatwecandobetterintheonline

format

.

Wecancertainlydeliverhigh-qualityeducationtomanystudentsatamuchlowercost.一些支持者聲稱，有些事情在線情況下可以做得更好。我們一定能夠以更低成本為更多學(xué)生提供高質(zhì)量的教育。Unit7Reading2AppleEntersaNewMarket蘋(píng)果進(jìn)軍新市場(chǎng)Applehasenteredthetextbookmarket.ThetechgiantintroducediBookstextbooksin2012whenitannounceditsiBooks2

platform.Theyaredigitalbooksinavarietyofsubjectsfrom

astronomyto

zoology

,science,math,hist