高三英語第十四單元

科目英語年級高三文件high3標(biāo)題Roots(根)章節(jié)第十四單元關(guān)鍵詞高三英語第十四單元內(nèi)容一、教法建議【拋磚引玉】在本單元，同學(xué)們通過閱讀課文“Journeyintotheunknown”和“Roots”，可以了解18–19世紀(jì)白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。About“Roots”“Roots”isawell-knownnovelwrittenbyanAmericanauthor—AlexHaley,whichwasabestsellerintheUSAinthe1970s.“Roots”ismainlyaboutHaley’sfamilyhistory,whichcoverssevengenerations’history.InordertofindouthowhisancestorsgottoAmerica,HaleydidalotofresearchandtraveledaroundtheUSAandAfricalookingforinformationabouthisancestors.Atlast,inGambiahegottofindhisroots—KuntaandagroupoftheblackswhowerecaughtandsoldtoAmericaasslavesabout200yearsago.ThenovelalsodescribeswhathisancestorssufferedfromduringthejourneytotheUSA.“Roots”waspublishedin1976andHaleywonthePulitzerPrizein1977.Alsohebecameworld-famous.單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Ⅰ.詞匯學(xué)習(xí)四會(huì)單詞和詞組：reason(v.),rollover,giveout三會(huì)單詞和詞組：inchains,daylight,fromgenerationtogeneration,worthwhileⅡ.交際英語expressingwishes,hopeanddesire1.Iwishtodo…/Iamgoingtodo…2.Iwant/hope/wouldliketo…;Iintend/mean/plantodo…3.IwoulddoitifIhadthechance.4.IfonlyIcoulddo…5.IwishIcoulddo…/IwishIhad…/IwishIwere…6.Iwishyoueverysuccess.7.Goodluck!8.Ifeellikedoingsth9.I’mreadytodo…10.Iwouldrathernottellyou.11.Ihavebeenlookingforwardtodoing…12.I’vealwaysdreamedof…13.SodoI.Ⅲ.語法學(xué)習(xí)在本單元，同學(xué)們將對it的用法作以系統(tǒng)歸納，并具體理解高考中對it的測試熱點(diǎn)?！局更c(diǎn)迷津】單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥1.reasonvi.評理；勸說；推斷為；說服Ireasonedthathewaslying.我斷定他在撒謊?！键c(diǎn)撥〗reasonsbintodoing=persuadesbintodoing=persuadesbtodo說服某人干……。reasonsboutof說服某人不干……。另外要注意當(dāng)reason作名詞時(shí)常用于：Thereason(why)…isthat…。thereasonforsth和thereasontodosth是“……的理由?！盩hereason(why)hegotillwasthathedidn’tpayattentiontohishealth.Thereasonwhywedon’ttrusthimisthathehasoftenlied.2.worthwhile值得的；值得花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢的Shewasofferedaworthwhilejob.〖點(diǎn)撥〗Itisworthwhile+todo(或者–ing)。如：It’sworthwhilevisitingthemuseum.=Itisworthwhiletovisitthemuseum.注意下面的“值得”表達(dá)：beworthdoing;beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone。如：Thearticleisworthyofcarefulstudy.=Thearticleisworthyofbeingstudiedcarefully.=Thearticleisworthytobestudiedcarefully.=Thearticleisworthstudying.單元詞組思維運(yùn)用1.rollover翻滾Theboysrolledoveronthesnow.Howfunitwas!2.giveout分發(fā)Allthenewtextbookshavebeengivenout.注意：giveout還作“發(fā)出，放出；發(fā)表；精疲力竭；耗盡”。如：Thenewswasgivenoutthismorning.Theteacher’spatienceatlastgaveout.Hisstrengthgaveoutsoon.3.bebornafreeman生來是一個(gè)自由人4．beinchains戴著鐐銬putsbinchains給某人戴上手銬腳鐐5.befixedto被固定到……Willyoupleasemakesurethebuttonhasbeenfixedtotheboard?6.beinpain疼痛7.crysoftlytooneself獨(dú)自輕聲哭泣8.behitonthehead被擊在頭部Whenthethieftriedtoescape,awomanhithimontheheadbehindhim.9.reasonwithsb與某人理論10.Whatwastobecomeofthemall?=Whatwouldhappentothemall?11.Worstwastocome.更糟糕的事要發(fā)生。12.runthelengthoftheship從船的這一頭延伸到另一頭13.fallsickwithfever因發(fā)燒而病到14.cryoutforsth叫喊要某物；哭著要；懇求Don’ttakeanynoticeofJohnny;hecriesoutfornothing.注意：cryoutagainst大聲疾呼反對。cryout大聲呼喊。如：Thewomaninthewatercriedout“Help!”Thepeoplecriedoutagainsttheunfairdecisionofthecourt.15.onceinawhile偶爾，有時(shí)候Wegoforapicnicintheparkonceinawhile.Onceinawhilethedogwouldrunaway,butusuallyhestayedintheyard.16.openwide開大，睜大What’swrongwithyou?First,Openyoumouthwide,please.Letmetakealookatyourtongueandthroat.17.indaylight在陽光中注意：atdaylight黎明時(shí)。beforedaylight黎明前。18.chain/tiesbup=putsbinchains把某人銬起來19.onone’sarrival某人一到達(dá)Onhisarrivalhesetaboutcorrectingthecompositions.20.makecopiesof抄寫21.passdown傳下來；傳送；傳遞；遺傳Theskillhasbeenpasseddownoverfourgenerations.22.fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代地注意：fromonegenerationtoanother=generationaftergeneration=fromgenerationtogeneration23.gobackovercenturies追溯幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前24.cometoasadpart講述一段傷心的事情25.playtheroleof扮演……的角色HeisgoodatplayingthepartofMaozedong二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航【學(xué)法指要】單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰1.Bornafreeman，hewasnowinchains.他生來就是個(gè)自由人，現(xiàn)在卻戴上了鐐銬?！济魑?1)Bornafreeman為過去分詞短語作狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句的省略。完整句子為：Althoughhewasbornafreeman.再如：Beatenblackandblue，hedidn'tgodownonhisknees.雖然被打得遍體鱗傷，他仍不屈膝投降。(2)inchains/irons戴著鐐銬；在囚禁中。如：Hewasinchainsanddisgrace.他被囚而受辱。Allthemurderersinchainswillsoonbesentencedtodeath.所有戴著鐐銬的兇手很快就要被判處死刑。已學(xué)過的由“in＋名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”的介詞短語如：inpairs成雙地/incircles圍成圓圈形/intears哭著Onemanhadaheadwoundandwasinpain.一個(gè)人頭部受傷，非常疼痛。hadaheadwound＝bewoundedintheheadinpain疼痛難忍。已學(xué)過的由“in＋名詞的單數(shù)”的介詞短語，如：inpublic公開地/insilence無聲地/inbattle在戰(zhàn)斗中…2.Whatwastobecomeofthemall，hewondered.他感到納悶，他們的下場將會(huì)怎樣呢？〖明晰〗(1)becomeof(人或事物的)結(jié)果是；使遭遇。如：Whatwillbecomeofhernowthatherhusbandhasdied?她丈夫一死，真不知她的遭遇將如何。WhathasbecomeofthebookIputhereyesterday?我昨天放在這兒的書哪去啦？(2)hewondered置于句尾作插入語，意思是“他想知道”。3.Worsewastocome.更糟的事就要發(fā)生了?！济魑絯orseadj.(bad的比較級)更壞的、更差的、更惡化的。常用句式有：tomakethematterworse(＝andwhatisworse或worsethanall更糟的是。worse在本課作名詞“更壞的事”，如：Ihaveworsetotell.我還有更壞的事要說。Worsecannothappen.事情不可能更壞了。4.Theyhadroughweather,andKunta'sbackbledfromrollingoveronthehardwoodenboards.途中天氣非常惡劣，由于在硬木板上滾來滾去，昆塔的背流出了血?！济魑?1)bled是動(dòng)詞bleed(流血)的過去式。如：Hiswoundbledfreely.他的傷口大量出血。/Heisbleedinglikecrazyfromthestomach.她腹部流血不止。(2)rollover從(邊)上滾下；翻轉(zhuǎn)；滾翻。如：Thepolicemanrolledthebodyovertolookforthemissinggun.警察把尸體翻過來尋找失蹤的手槍。IhadtohearBeethovenbeforeIcouldaskhimtorollover.我得先聽一下貝多芬曲，才能請他把唱片翻過來。5.Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhissearch.他一到那個(gè)國家，就開始尋找。〖明晰〗themoment(instant,hour,time,minute)以及directly,immediately,都可用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，譯作“一……就”，相當(dāng)于assoonas.如：(SEFCB2L59)Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.那少女一聽到響聲，就沖進(jìn)房間里。6.Allthestoriesoffamilies,heroes,warsandjourneysarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.所有家族、英雄、戰(zhàn)爭以及旅行的故事都是一代代地傳下來的?！济魑?1)passdown＝handdown流傳；遺傳；傳遞。如：Thespecialtechniquehasbeenpasseddownoverfourgenerations.那種技術(shù)已傳了四代。(SEFCB3L10)customsandmemorieswerehandeddownbytheeldersoftherace.傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗以及記憶中的人和物，被這個(gè)種族的年長者傳了下來。Inpoorfamilies,clothesmaybepasseddownfromonechildtothenext.在窮苦人家，一個(gè)小孩穿過的衣服會(huì)留給另一個(gè)年齡小的穿。(2)fromgenerationtogeneration一代一代，世世代代(＝generationaftergeneration.)7.Afewpeopleineachgrouparegiventhetaskofrememberingthegroup'sfamilyhistorythatgoesbackovercenturies.每一個(gè)部落中有幾個(gè)人，他們的任務(wù)是記住這個(gè)部落追溯到幾百年前的家族史?！济魑?1)gobackto(＝datefrom,tracebackto)；追溯，返回到。如：HisfamilygoesbacktothetimeofNormanConquest.他的家族可追溯至諾曼底人征服英國的時(shí)代。Shefoundherpocketbookwhenshewentbacktothestore.她回到店里找到了她的錢包。(2)overcenturies在幾百年中。over可表“在……期間；到……過完”。如：(SEFCB3L27)Theyhadbeenbuiltoverperiodofsixcenturiesupuntil1431.他們都是在1431年以前長達(dá)六個(gè)世紀(jì)期間建成的。overseveraldecades在幾十年中/stayoverSunday呆過星期天/workovernight通宵工作。8.seize,take,grasp,arrest〖明晰〗(1)seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbythecollar.那個(gè)警察抓著小偷的衣領(lǐng)不放。(2)take“抓住”，屬一般用語。如：Hetookhisgirlfriendbythearm.他抓著女友的胳膊。(3)grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)”。如：GrasptheropeandI'llpullyouup.抓住繩子，我就拉你上來。Ididn'tquitegraspyourmeaning.我不太理解你的意思。(4)arrest側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：Hewasarrestedinsuspicionofhavingmurderedthegirl.他因有謀害少女的嫌疑而被捕。Thisnewlydevelopeddrughasarrestedhiscancer.這種新藥已控制住了他的癌癥。9.makeupone'smind,decide,determine〖明晰〗(1)makeupone'smind“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：We'vemadeupourmindstodevoteourlivestoservingthepeopleheartandsoul.我們決心把全部生命用于全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。Thecropisruined,sowemustmakeupourmindstothat.莊稼損壞了，我們必須承認(rèn)那個(gè)事實(shí)。(2)decide指經(jīng)過考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞on/upon或從句。如：Hedecidedontakingthepositionatthebank.＝Hedecidedtotakethepositionatthebank.他決定擔(dān)任很行的職務(wù)。(3)determine“決心、堅(jiān)決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定,任何力量都動(dòng)搖不了這種決心。其后常接不定式，也可接on/upon+ing。如：Hismotherhasdeterminedtogivehimachance.他母親決心給他一次機(jī)會(huì)。10.giveout,giveaway,giveback,giveforth,givein,giveoff,giveover,giveup〖明晰〗(1)giveout放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；精疲力竭。如：Theteacher'spatienceatlastgaveout.老師終于失去了耐心。Hisstrengthgaveout.他筋疲力盡。(2)giveaway贈(zèng)送；出賣；泄露/giveback歸還；返射/giveforth放出，發(fā)出(聲音，氣味等)；發(fā)表，公布givein投降；屈服，讓步；交上/giveoff發(fā)出(蒸氣、光、煙等)/giveover移交，交托/giveup讓給；放棄，拋棄。11.familiarto,familiarwith〖明晰〗(1)familiarto＝wellknowntosb“為人所熟知”，其中to為介詞，to后常跟人。如：I'vebeenawayalongtime,andthatnameisnotfamiliartome.我出外很久了，這名字我不熟悉。(2)familiarwith＝wellacquaintedwith“精通、熟知、通曉”。befamiliarwith的主語一定是人，with后的賓語可人、可物。如：HeisfamiliarwithShakespeare.他精通莎士比亞的作品。Iamnotveryfamiliarwithbotanicalnames.我對植物學(xué)上的名稱不太熟悉。12.whatkindofdoctor與whatkindofadoctor〖明晰〗(1)“whatkind/sortof”是問類別，所以：Whatkindofdoctorishe?他是哪科的醫(yī)生?(2)“whatkind/sortofa(an)”是問程度、性質(zhì)等具體情況。所以：whatkindofadoctorishe?他是怎么樣的醫(yī)生?(含醫(yī)術(shù)是否高明，待人處事的能力等)【妙文賞析】TheCapitaloftheUnitedStatesWhenGeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,therewasnopermanent(永久的)capital.DuringtheRevolutionaryWarsevendifferentcitieshadservedasthenationalcapital.Inaddition,themembersofCongress(議會(huì))couldnotagreetowherethispermanentcapitalshouldbelocated(位于).SomeofficialswanteditintheNorth,otherswanteditintheSouth.Eachofthestateshopedthatthecapitalmightbesetupwithinitsownstatelines.Atlastitwasdecidedthatthecapitalshouldoccupy(占有)asectionbyitself,separatefromanyofthestates.TheplacechosenwassituatedonthePotomacRiver.ThelandthenbelongedtothestateofMaryland,butMarylandagreedtogiveittothenationalgovernment.ThesectionwasnamedtheDistrictofColumbia,afterChristopherColumbus.ThecityitselfwasnamedWashington,afterGeorgeWashington.Workwasbegunonthenewcapitalin1791.Intheyear1800CongressoccupiedthenewCapitalBuilding.TheWhiteHouseWasopenedatthesametimeasthehomeofallfuturepresidents.1.TherewasnopermanentcapitalintheUnitedStateswhenGeorgeWashingtonbecamethefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesbecause______.A.peopledidn'tlikethenewgovernmentB.therewasnotenoughmoneytobuildthecapitalC.AmericanpeopleweretoobusyfightingtothinkoftheproblemofbuildingthecapitalD.peoplehadadisagreementaboutthelocationofthecapital2.Whichofthefollowingisimplied(暗示的)butnotstatedinthepassage?A.GeorgeWashington'sofficewasperhapsnotintheWhiteHouse.B.SevencitiesusedtobethecapitaloftheUnitedStates.C.TheNorthandtheSouthcouldn'tagreewitheachotherontheproblemofthecapital.D.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.3.ThePotomacRiver_______.A.isthelongestriverinitscountryB.separatesthecapitalfromthestateofMarylandC.flowsthroughthestateofMarylandD.wasgiventothenationalgovernmentbyMaryland4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheWhiteHousehasahistoryofabout200years.B.TheDistrictofColumbiabelongstononeofthestates.C.CongressoccupiedthenewCapitalBuildinguntil1800.D.TheWhiteHouseisaplacewhereAmericanpresidentsliveandworkexceptGeorgeWashington.答案：1.D2.A3.C4.C【思維體操】常見閱讀理解題的解題技巧一般說來，閱讀理解的題型設(shè)置大致可分為六種類型：事實(shí)詢問、推理判斷、數(shù)據(jù)推算、識(shí)圖解意、主旨大意、規(guī)律常識(shí)。做好這六種題型，需要掌握一定的方法和技巧。一、事實(shí)詢問題事實(shí)詢問主要是以等詞語引導(dǎo)的問句，就文中某句、某段或某具體細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問。做這類題的要領(lǐng)是：⑴首先弄懂題目和每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義。題意不明當(dāng)然無法做出正確選擇，明確題意，才能順藤摸瓜。⑵按題目的要求尋找與之相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)，正確估計(jì)答案的來源。有的題只要抓住文章的某處信息，即可解題；而有的題則需要綜合文章多處信息，并予以分析，才能找到解題思路。⑶要注意題目和文中關(guān)鍵詞的暗示作用。忽略了這一點(diǎn)。就等于失去了解題的鑰匙。⑷對信息量較大的文章要多讀兩遍。讀時(shí)要注意辨別各種信息的真?zhèn)?，要排除無關(guān)信息，否定錯(cuò)誤信息，確認(rèn)有用的信息。二、推理判斷題推理判斷題要求透過文章表面文字信息去推測文章隱含的意思。對文章的情節(jié)發(fā)展，以及作者的態(tài)度，意圖等作出合乎邏輯的推理和判斷。這類問題常用以下句式提出問題：⑴Wecaninferfromthepassagethat?⑵Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?⑶Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards…?縱觀近幾年的NMET閱讀理解題，推理判斷的題量在不斷拉大。做這類題應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：⑴要懂得如何捕捉信息，抓住主題尋覓細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)而邏輯推理；⑵對于暗含在文中事件的因果關(guān)系，人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)以及作者未言明的傾向、態(tài)度、意圖、觀點(diǎn)等進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理、分析和判斷。要善于抓文章中實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西，不要被帶有假像的表層信息或似而非的東西所迷惑。⑶在推斷作者的態(tài)度、意圖或觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，不要固守自己的習(xí)慣看法，要力求從作者的角度去思考。三、數(shù)據(jù)推算題此種題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其它信息的關(guān)系作出簡單計(jì)算和推斷。做此類題應(yīng)注意：⑴要抓與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息，并對這些信息的含義有一個(gè)直角的理解。⑵如果文中含有較多的數(shù)據(jù)信息，一定弄清它們之間的聯(lián)系，分清有用信息和無用信息。⑶數(shù)據(jù)信息的意義往往不是孤立的，要正確理解全文大意，還應(yīng)抓住一些關(guān)鍵性的詞的意義。四、識(shí)圖解意題在閱讀文章后面的題目中?？煽吹讲鍒D、圖解或工圖。這是形象化地表現(xiàn)信息的形式。有的起輔助作用，用以必低試題的難度，有的直接代替文字，是短文和題目不可缺少的組成部分。在做圖示題時(shí)，要把文章與圖示當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體。理解時(shí)要圖文互相參照，互相驗(yàn)證。若是地圖，方位要明確，要正確理解文中方位介詞的配搭意義。五、主旨大意題此類題目用以檢查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)與理解是否正確。主旨大意題分兩類：一類是主題問題，通常用以下句式引出：Whatishemainideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?Thewriterofthearticlewantstotellusthat.另一類是標(biāo)題問題，通常用Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle(passage)?引出。在說明文和議論文中作者通常是用主題句來表達(dá)一段的主旨大意，用主題句提出論點(diǎn)。我們應(yīng)知道，主題句在文中的位置并不固定，盡管大部分主題句句一般出現(xiàn)在文章或段落之首，但有時(shí)也放在中間，成為段落語義的核心，甚至有的出現(xiàn)在文尾，高爾夫球主題引向設(shè)法，成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)論，也有些文章或段落不易找到明明的主題句，需要讀者去歸納，概括。另一類主旨大意題要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容選擇一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題，就是文章主題的最高度的概括形式。從此意義上講，一些文章的標(biāo)題往往隱含在文章的主題句中。只要找到了主題句，就不難確定文章的最佳標(biāo)題。六、常識(shí)題這類題意在考查學(xué)生的非英語知識(shí)面，看學(xué)生對社會(huì)、文化、史地以及一些科普常識(shí)的掌握程度。這類總裁題有時(shí)與文章沒有直接關(guān)系，只能憑自己的常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷，作出選擇。三、智能顯示【心中有數(shù)】單元語法發(fā)散思維一、It引起的幾個(gè)易混淆的時(shí)間句型在學(xué)習(xí)中，同學(xué)生們對“It+be+時(shí)間+從句”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)?；煜磺澹旅嬷鹨贿M(jìn)行分析。1.It+be+時(shí)間+since-clause這個(gè)句型表示從since從句謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過去所經(jīng)過的一段時(shí)間，意為“自從以來已多久了”，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，如果表示過去的情況，主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)，或主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。例如：Itisthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway.(從現(xiàn)在算起)Itwas10yearssincetheymarried.(從過去算起)IthadbeenfifteenyearssincesheleftShanghai.(從過去算起)30yearshaspassedsincewejoinedtheParty.(從現(xiàn)在算起)2.It+be+時(shí)間+before-clause這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(如：longyears,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes)，主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過多長時(shí)間才”。主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒過多長時(shí)間就”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過去時(shí)was或?qū)頃r(shí)willbe；用was時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；用willbe時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：Itwasnotlongbeforeshelearnedthosepoemsbyheart.她沒過多久就背會(huì)了那些詩歌。Itwaslongbeforethepolicearrived.過了很久警察才來。Itwillbehoursbeforehemakesadecision.要過好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。Itwillnotbehoursbeforemeetagain.要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見面的。3.It+be+時(shí)間+when-clause這個(gè)句型中,it指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語前沒有介詞(時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間)。主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是willbe，when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如：Itwasalready8o'clockwhenwegothome.Itwasthenextmorningwhenwefinishedourwork.Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere.4.It+be+時(shí)間+that-clause這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。例如：Itwastwoyearsagothathemadeanimportantinvention.(原句是：Hemadeanimportantinventiontwoyearsago.)Itwasat5o'clockthathepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning.(原句是：Hepractisedplayingtheviolinat5o'clockinthemorning.)比較：Itwas5o'clockwhenhestartedinthemorning.(5o'clock前沒有介詞，這是個(gè)定語從句)5.It+be+time+that-clause這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是is或was，that從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原型(但不及用過去式普通)，在time之前有時(shí)可加上high或about以加強(qiáng)語氣。例如：Itistime(that)wehandedinourexercises.(=Itistimethatweshouldhandinourexercises.)Itishightime(that)shewrotealettertoherboyfriend.6.It/This/That+thefirst(second,third…)time+that-clause這個(gè)句型表示截止到說話時(shí)為止的某人的一種經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意time前有序數(shù)詞，主句是is時(shí)，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句用一般過去時(shí)was，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過去完成時(shí)。例如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)theseEuropeanshavevisitedtheGreatWall.Itwasthefifthtime(that)IhadpaidafriendlyvisittoAfrica.二、It代替從句作形式主語的常見句型1.it代替連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語。1)it+be+過去分詞+that從句It'ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad.據(jù)說湯姆已經(jīng)從國外回來了。Itwasreportedthatdozensofchildrendiedintheaccident.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)，數(shù)十名兒童在事故中死亡。可用于該句型的過去分詞還有：known,thought,told,believed,hoped,announced,expected,decided,suggested等，該句型?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句或者含有不定式作主補(bǔ)的簡單句。如：It'ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→PeoplesaythatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→Heissaidtohavecomebackfromabroad.2)It+be+名詞詞組+that從句It'sapitythathecan'tswimforhisage.真遺憾，就他的年齡來講，他竟不會(huì)游泳。It'sawonderthatyoucouldfinishsuchahardtaskinsuchashorttime.真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成艱巨的任務(wù)?？捎糜谠摼湫偷拿~詞組還有：anhonour,agoodthing,afact,asurprise,goodnews等。3)It+be/seem+形容詞+that從句Itislikelythattheywillbeatustonight.今晚很可能他們會(huì)贏我們。Itdoesn'tseemthatshewillgiveusahand.她幫我們的可能性似乎不太大?？捎糜诖司湫偷拈_容詞還有；wonderful,true,good,right,wrong,(un)important,useless,surprising,clear,possible,unusual,lucky,certain等。4)It+seem/appear/happen+that從句Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.看來他非常喜歡流行歌曲。ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.看來湯姆會(huì)改變主意。IthappenedthatIwentoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。注意，句型4可轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡單句。如上述句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：Heseemstoenjoypopmusicverymuch./Tomappearstochangehismind./Ihappenedtogooutthatday.2.it代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語。1)Itisknown(notdecided,notmadeclear,foundout,discussed,beingdiscussed,beingconsidered,aquestion,uncertain等)+連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.我們將什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還是一個(gè)問題。Itisuncertainwhetherhecanattendthisconferenceornot.他能否來開會(huì)還不能確定。2)Itdoesn'tmatter(doesn'tmattertoomuch,doesn'tmaketoomuchdifference等)+連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。如：Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherwegotogetherorseparately.我們一起去還是分開去都可以。Itdoesn'tmattertoomuchtomewhatyoudoorwhereyougo.你做什么或去什么地方，對我都無關(guān)緊要?！緞?dòng)腦動(dòng)手】單元能力立體檢測一、It與高考題1.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物。又如：1）—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff2）—HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?—No,what?A.isitB.itisC.aretheyD.theyare3）Ifyoudon'tknowtheword,whydon'tyouinthedictionary?A.lookatitB.lookafteritC.lookupitD.lookitup答案1）—3）CAD。值得注意的是，由動(dòng)詞和副詞組成的短語動(dòng)詞用it作賓語時(shí)，it應(yīng)置于動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。2.Isnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.it B.that C.what D.he〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試it用作形式主語，代替由不定式（或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語。又如：1）Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.now B.man C.that D.it2）IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.he D.it3）Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it4）Itworriedabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for答案1）—4）DDDB。3.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.this B.that C.its D.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。當(dāng)賓語有自己的補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，用it作形式賓語，真正賓語放在補(bǔ)足語之后。常用這種句型的動(dòng)詞有think,make,find,feel,consider等。4.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.that B.inwhich C.inwhere D.which〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語），常用強(qiáng)調(diào)Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that(或who）…。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)用that或who，在其它情況下（包括強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語）用that。又如：1）WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?(MET88）A.that B.which C.inwhich D.then2)ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that B.Until;that C.until;when D.when;then答案1)A2)B。5.Butwasonlythemanager.(MET91完型填空)A.this B.that C.she D.it〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it可以用作指示代詞，指人。當(dāng)it這樣用時(shí)，所指的是心目中己知的或上下文中的人或事物，也可用來指嬰兒。6.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.after B.before C.where D.since〖答案與簡析〗選D。測試it用在某固定短語或句型中。如believeitornot(信不信由你）,takeiteasy(別著急，慢慢來），itis(hasbeen)…since…(某人干某事經(jīng)過了多長一段時(shí)間），Itseemsthat…(好象)，Ithappensthat…(碰巧)，Itlooksasif…（好象），Itisone'sturntodo…(該輪到誰干……)等。又如：Takeit.Everythingwillbefineinadayortwo.A.easy B.quiet C.calm D.light答案是A。7.ItwasShanghaitheCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.A.where B.that C.atwhich D.thatwhere〖答案與簡析〗選A。測試強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語從句不能混淆，這里是定語從句。若把Shanghai的前面加上介詞in時(shí)，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)，這時(shí)就可以選B。二、It精練40題1.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.he B.which C.she D.it2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.A.that B.this C.one D.it3.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It4.Ashappens,Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.A.it B.this C.that D.such5.hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.As B.It D.That D.This6.Itwassevenforty-fivehefinishedthework.A.when B.that C.when D.before7.Ihavenoideaissofartheairportfromhere.A.what B.how C.it D.that8.Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnighthedidn'tcome?A.why B.that C.when D.which9.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it10.Isunnecessarytotellhisfathereverything? A.that B.it C.he D.this11.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.which B.this C.that D.it12.Wearegoingtoholdameetingtomorrowafternoon.PleasetellMrWangabout.A.this B.that C.it D.themeeting13.—Whoisknockingatthedoor?—isme.A.It B.That C.This D.where14.—Whattimeisitnow?—isteno'clock.A.Thetime B.Theo'clock C.It D.That15.Ihaveseenthebaby.isveryactiveandlovely.A.He B.She C.Who D.It16.Hewasill.iswhyhedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.It B.This C.That D.There17.isgoodnewsthatshehaspassedtheentranceexaminationforBeijingUniversity.A.That B.This C.What D.It18.isnodoubtthathewillsucceedinhisexperiment.A.It B.This C.That D.There19.Look,someoneiscoming.Whocanbe?A.he B.she C.thatman D.it20.Ifinddifficulthimtodosuchwork.A.it;of B.it;for C.that;of D.that;for21.MypenislostandIcan'tfindanywhere,soImustbuy.A.it;one B.one;it C.it;it D.one;one22.Wethinkuselesstheorywithoutpractice.A.it;learning B.it;learn C.that;learning D.that;tolearn23.Itisnotyouwhointrouble;itisIwhointrouble.A.are;am B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is24.Sheisalready50,butshedoesn'tlook.A.like B.this C.it D.such25.Idon'tknowwhatwasforsupper.A.it B.there C.that D.food26.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it27.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff28.—HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?—No,what?A.isitB.itisC.aretheyD.theyare29.Ifyoudon'tknowtheword,whydon'tyouinthedictionary?A.lookatitB.lookafteritC.lookupitD.lookitup30.Isnecessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.it B.that C.what D.he31.Ispossibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.now B.man C.that D.it32.IsnecessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.this B.that C.he D.it33.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it34.Itworriedabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for35.Idon'tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.this B.that C.its D.it36.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?A.that B.inwhich C.inwhere D.which37.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarhedied?A.that B.which C.inwhich D.then38.ItwasnotshetookoffherdarkglassesIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;that B.Until;that C.until;when D.when;then39.Butwasonlythemanager.(MET91完型填空)A.this B.that C.she D.it40.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It'syearsIenjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.after B.before C.where D.since41.Takeit.Everythingwillbefineinadayortwo.A.easy B.quiet C.calm D.light42.ItwasShanghaitheCommunistPartyofChinawasfounded.A.where B.that C.atwhich D.thatwhere43.Ifinddifficulthimtodosuchwork.A.it;of B.it;for C.that;of D.that;for44.taketoflytoParisfromBeijing?A.Howlongdoesthat B.HowlongdoesitC.Howsoondoesit D.Howfardoesit45.Youmadeanewmodelplane,.A.howwonderfulitis B.howwonderfulisitC.thatiswonderful D.wonderfulyouare答案：1—5DDDAB6—10ACBDB11—15DCACD16—20ADDDB21—25AAACB26—30DCADA31—35DDDBD36—40AABDD41—45AABBA【創(chuàng)新園地】WhenIgotintohishouse,Isawanoldmanreadingabookinthechair.Italkedwithhim.Ifoundthat 1.____fromthetimewhenhewasachild,healwaysbrought 2.____alittlebookinhispockets.Hedidreadingalmost 3.____everyminute.Hedidnotdoanything.Peopleoftenfound 4.____himreadabookwhilehewaswaitingformeals, 5.____buses,doctors,playsbeginorsomethingtohappen. 6.____Youcouldstillevenfindhimreadinginthetoilet. 7.____Thatwaswhyhefoundhisfifteenminutesa 8.____dayforreading.Thatwashowhereadstwenty 9.____booksayear—onethousandinourlifetime. 10.___（請同學(xué)們改好后把答案反饋給我們）

【創(chuàng)新園地】答案：1.the→a。2.brought→carried。3.√。4.在anything后加else。5.read→reading。6.在begin前加to。7.去掉still。8.why→how。9.reads→read。10.our→his?！就筋}庫】Unit14Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Thereisapieceofboardatthegateoftheconstruction,whichreads:____withoutpermiss