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本文格式為Word版,下載可任意編輯——寫作基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及練習(xí)WRITING

C.Athirdgenerationofcomputersusingintegratedcircuitsappeared.D.Microprocessorslessthanonesquarecentimeterinsizeweredeveloped.E.Evensmallerandmoresophisticatedcomputerswillbeonthemarketsoon.

Outlinetheparagraph“Howtoreducethedangerofsmoking〞.Includeonlythetopicsentence,thesixmainsteps,andtheconcludingsentenceinyouroutline.Donotwriteeverysentence.Putthetransitionsignalsinparenthesestotheleftofeachsupportingpoint,asintheexampleabove.

*******WritingPractice

A.Chooseatopicfromthesuggestionslistedbelow.

Step1Writeanoutline,listingthemainstepsormaineventsthatyouwillexplain

inyourparagraph.

Step2Addchronologicaltransitionsignalsatappropriatepointsintheleftmargin

ofyouroutline.

Step3Writeyourparagraphfromyouroutline.

TopicSuggestionsa.ProcessTopics

Howtostudyforatest,takeatest,orfindabookinthelibrary.Howtocurethehicoughs,ahangover,“theblues,〞“theblanks〞Howtoputonmakeup,putincontactlenses

Howtomakeaperfectcupofcoffee,cupofteaetc.b.HistoricalTopics

Usesomeofallofthefollowingdatatowriteabriefhistoryofmannedspaceflights.

26

MannedSpaceFlights

Crew/DateofMission

MissionNameComments

YuriGagarin(April12,1961)

JohnGlenn.Jr.(February20,1962)

AlekseiLeonov(March18,1965)

4Russiancosmonauts(January,1969)

3U.S.astronauts(July20,1969)

2Russiancosmonautsand3U.S.astronauts(July,1975)

JohnYoungandRobertCrippen(April12-15,1981)

Vostok1

Mercury-Atlas6

Voskhod2

Soyuz4andSoyuz5

Apollo-Saturn11Soyuz19Apollo18

SpaceShuttleColumbia

Firstmannedorbitalflight

FirstAmericaninorbit

First“spacewalk〞(10minutes)

FirsttransferofcrewmembersfromonespacecrafttoanotherFirstlandingonthemoon

U.S.-U.S.S.R.jointflight.Crewslinkedupinspace.

conductedexperimentsandsharedmeals.

Firstflightofareusablespacevehicle

27

依重要性而排列需注意兩點(diǎn):1.最重要的一點(diǎn)放在第一或最終2.用說明事件重要性的過渡詞Model2:OrderofImportanceTheCausesofInflation

Inflationisaneconomicconditioninwhichpricesforconsumergoodsincrease,andthevalueofmoneyorpurchasingpowerdecreases.Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inordertofinanceawarorcarryoutsocialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inordertooffsetthisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimplyexpandthemoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneytomeetthedebtsofgovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollartoautomaticallydecrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationoccurswhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.Ifpeoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoodsliketelevisionsandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillresult.Industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,tosatisfydemand.Furthermore,ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathighinterestratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkers’wagesbeincreasedtocoverthehighcostofliving,industrywillmeetthisdemandandaddothercostsofproductionontoconsumers.Insummary,allofthesecausescancreateinflationaryproblemsthatcanaffectthewelfareofanation.However,ofthesethreecauses,excessivegovernmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

Practice14:TopicSentencesforOrderofImportance

Step1Putacheckinthespacetotheleftofeverytopicthatsuggestsorderofimportanceorganization.

Step2Circlethewordorwordsinthecheckedsentenceswhichindicatethis.

Example________Apoliticalleadertodaymustpossessfourimportantqualities.________1.Mytwenty-firstbirthdaywasadayIwillneverforget.

________2.Intermsofsalary.power,andstatus,womenarebehindmeninmostoccupations.

________3.Somemeteorologistsbelievethatanothericeageisapproaching.________4.Livinginadormitoryoffersthreeadvantagestoanewlyarrivedforeignstudent.

5.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsmanufacturetheir

28ownfood.

ORDEROFIMPORTANCE:OUTLINING

Anoutlineforanorderofimportanceparagraphfollowsoneofthetwofollowingforms:

TopicSentence(Transition)A.Themostimportantpoint(reason,factor,example,etc.)is...(Transition)B.Nextpoint(Transition)C.Nextpoint(Transition)D.FinalpointConcludingsentence假使將最重要的一點(diǎn)放在最終,則提綱如下TopicSentence(Transition)A.Firstpoint(Transition)B.Nextpoint

(Transition)C.Themostimportantpoint(reason,factor,example,etc.)isConcludingsentence

Practice15:OutliningforOrderofImportance

A.WriteasimpleoutlinefortheModelparagraphinthissection,“Thecausesofinflation,〞.Intheleftmargin,notethetransitionsignalsused,followingtheoutliningexamplefor“TheEvolutionofComputers〞

B.Writeasimpleoutlineforanytwoofthefollowingtopics.FollowthesamedirectionsasforA,above

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