2021年中考英語題型突破題型三 語法填空課件

題型三語法填空1命題特點2解題技巧命題特點語法填空題設置為一篇留空的短文，一般為10個空，要求考生在理解短文的基礎上，根據(jù)語法正確和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入一個適當?shù)膯卧~或填入括號內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式(通常有3個空沒有給出提示詞)。語法填空題主要考查考生理解語篇的能力、分析句子結構的能力和熟練運用語法的能力。具體考查點如下：1．空白直接填空常見的填詞有以下幾種：固定搭配、冠詞、介詞、連詞(并列連詞、從屬連詞等)、感嘆詞、it等。(1)冠詞：泛指、特指或固定搭配。(低頻考點)(2)介詞：基本用法或固定搭配。(3)連詞：判斷其連接的是并列句還是從句。(4)其他：however，either等根據(jù)語境、邏輯關系和句意可以直接填出的詞。2．用所給單詞的適當形式填空所給詞常見類別：名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等。(1)名詞提示：名詞復數(shù)等詞形變化。(2)動詞提示：時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞等詞形變化。(3)形容詞、副詞提示：比較級、最高級等詞形變化。(4)代詞提示：賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞等詞形變化。解題技巧(2020?寧夏)LiWenisa15-year-oldboy.Heworkshardand__1__(do)wellinschool.Itishardtobelievethatheusedtohave__2__(difficulty)inschool.Whenhewasalittleboy，heseldomcausedanyproblems，andhisfamily__3__(spend)alotoftimetogether.__4__，thingsbegantochangeafewyearsago.真題剖析Hisparentsmovedtothecitytowork，andtheycouldnotbeathometolook__5__him.Sohebecamelessinterestedin__6__(study)andwasabsentfromclasses.Thenhisparentsweresoworried__7__theydecidedtosendhimtoaboardingschool.Hefoundlifetheredifficult.Onedayhetoldhisteacherthathewantedtoleavetheschool.Histeacheradvisedhisparentstotalkwith__8__(they)soninperson.Thisconversationchangedhislife.Herealizedthathisparentswouldalwayslovehim，andtheywouldbe__9__(pride)ofeverythinggoodthathedid.Nowheismuch__10__(happy)andmoreoutgoingthanheusedtobe.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________doesdifficultiesspentHoweverafterstudyingthattheirproudhappier【文章大意】由于李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顧他，他變得厭學并想離開學校，老師建議父母與他談一談，李文通過談話意識到父母對他的愛，變得更開心也更外向了?！窘馕觥?．does根據(jù)語境及并列連詞and前面的時態(tài)(works)可知，此處講的是現(xiàn)在的情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語“He”為單數(shù)第三人稱，謂語動詞應用單三式。故填does。命題點：動詞的時態(tài)2．difficulties根據(jù)語境可知，此處指李文過去在學校有困難，強調(diào)的是具體意義上的困難的事，應用復數(shù)形式。故填difficulties。命題點：名詞的復數(shù)3．spent根據(jù)語境可知，此處說的是李文小時候的事情，結合并列連詞and前面的時態(tài)(caused)可知，此處應用一般過去時。故填spent。命題點：動詞的時態(tài)4．However根據(jù)語境可知，在李文小的時候，他的家人花很多時間待在一起，然而幾年前事情發(fā)生了變化，他的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顧他?？崭袂昂髽嫵赊D折關系，結合空格后的逗號可知，此處應填表轉折的副詞however，且注意首字母要大寫。故填However。命題點：邏輯推理5．a(chǎn)fter根據(jù)語境可知，此處指李文的父母到城市去工作不能在家照顧他。lookafter是固定搭配，意為“照顧”。故填after。命題點：固定搭配6．studying此處應用動名詞形式作介詞in的賓語。故填studying。命題點：非謂語動詞(動名詞)7．that句意：然后他的父母如此擔憂以至于他們決定把他送去一所寄宿學校。so...that...是固定搭配，意為“如此……以至于……”。故填that。命題點：固定搭配8．their句意：他的老師建議他的父母親自和他們的兒子談一談?？崭窈笥忻~“son”，此處應用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。命題點：代詞的用法(變形)9．proud

beproudof是固定搭配，意為“為……驕傲”，此處應用pride的形容詞形式。故填proud。命題點：固定搭配(詞形變化/詞性轉換)10．happier根據(jù)空格前的“much”及后面的“than”可知，此處應用比較級形式。故填happier。命題點：形容詞的比較等級1．給出提示詞的空(1)若所給單詞為名詞，一般會從它的復數(shù)形式、形容詞形式等方面考查。(2)若所給單詞為動詞，一般會圍繞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式以及非謂語動詞進行考查，有時也會考查詞性轉換(如變?yōu)槊~或形容詞)。這就需要根據(jù)上下文語境及分析句子成分加以判別。方法點撥(3)若所給單詞為形容詞或副詞，一般會考查它的比較級、最高級形式或者其副詞或形容詞形式。這就需要掌握形容詞變副詞的相關規(guī)則以及形容詞、副詞的比較級、最高級的構成形式。(4)若所給詞為代詞，一般會考查賓格、物主代詞或反身代詞形式。在動詞或介詞后作賓語時要用代詞的賓格；在名詞前做限定詞或相當于名詞時要用物主代詞；強調(diào)“某人親自做某事”以及在一些固定搭配中(如enjoyoneself)常用反身代詞。2．沒有提示詞的空這類題型相較上面的而言，略有難度。因為沒有任何提示信息，考生一定要弄清句意及所填詞的詞性，并結合平時所學的語法知識，作出答案預測，對于有把握的答案可先填入空白處，然后逐一解決困難的選項。一般而言，沒有任何提示的空常會考查如下內(nèi)容：(1)冠詞：此類題通?？疾楣谠~的基本用法以及固定搭配。如：alotof，thesameas。(2)介詞：此類題會考查介詞的基本用法，也涉及動詞與介詞(或副詞)的搭配(如：waitfor，turndown)、形容詞與介詞的搭配(如：beinterestedin，bestrictwith)或相關介詞短語(如：atleast，asaresult)。(3)連接詞：此類題要求根據(jù)上下文的語意邏輯關系，填入合適的連接詞。主要分為兩種類型，一種是并列連詞(如：and，but，or，so)，另一種是主從復合句連接詞，即從句的引導詞，(如：that，whether，which，who，whom，where，when，why，how等)。(4)固定句式：此類題也會考查一些常用的固定句式及搭配。如：too...to...，so...that...，as...as...(5)其他考查點：①it作形式主語或形式賓語的用法；②感嘆句引導詞(what和how)；③部分根據(jù)語境、邏輯關系及句意可以直接填出的詞【如：either用在否定句句末；however表轉折(通常在句首，且有逗號與后面句子隔開，2020寧夏中考已考)】；④形容詞作表語，通常不變形(如2019寧夏中考考查了nervous作表語)【注：形容詞通常在look，sound，taste，smell等感官系動詞或be動詞后作表語；形容詞原級前常有very，so，too，quite，really等修飾詞；在notas/so...as...結構中形容詞要用原級】；⑤不定式符號to(如2019寧夏中考考查了不定式作目的狀語，需填不定式符號to)【注意?？季湫徒Y構中的to：It's＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)todosth.；It'stime＋(forsb.)todosth.】；⑥動詞不定式作使役動詞make，let和感官動詞see，hear等的賓語補足語時，通常省略不定式符號to，即make/let/see/hear/...sb.dosth.(注意see，hear等感官動詞也可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，需要根據(jù)語境確定)；⑦在情態(tài)動詞can，should或hadbetter等后要用動詞原形。技巧訓練(一)(2020?紹興)About20millionchildreninAmericaattendsummercampeveryyear，accordingtoAmericaAssociation(ACA)．Theylookforwardto__1__(spend)timetherewithfriends.Butwithsocial-distancing(社交距離)rulesin__2__UnitedStates，manysummercampsfacedifficultdecisions.Canthey__3__(safe)welcomecampersthisyear？Dotheyneedtoclosefortheseason？Orshould__4__changehowtheycarryouttheirprograms?“Mostcampsareaskingnotonlywhenthey'regoingtoopen，__5__alsohowthey'regoingtoopen，”saysTomRosenberg，presidentoftheACA.Hesaysthatmanycamps__6__(wait)oninstructionsfromthegovernmentnow.“Thestate'ssummercampscouldopen__7__June，”BethBye，theleaderoftheConnecticutOfficeofEarlyChildhood，saidaweekago.“Butthereneedtobe__8__(strict)healthrulesthanever.Mostprogramswillnot__9__(allow)tohavemorethan30kids.”Byeaddedthatcampsareimportantforbothkidsand__10__(parent)．“Formanyfamilies，”shetoldTheNewYorkTimes，“summercampistheirchildcare.”1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________spendingthesafelythebutarewaitinginstricterbeallowedparents(二)(2020?湖州)WhenteacherMargretAtkins，39，wenttorideherbiketoschoollastFriday，shewasshockedtodiscoverit__1__(steal)．Whenourreporterspoketoher，shetoldhimthatshe'dbeenangrywhensherealizedthebikewasgone.Itwasquite__2__oldbikehergrandpahadgivenheryearsago.Shesaiditwas__3__(valuable)giftshe'deverreceived.Sowhatdidshedo？Shedecided__4__(write)anotetothethiefandputitwherethebikehadbeentakenaway.Tohersurprise，she__5__(find)thethiefhadreturnedthebike，togetherwithawrittenapology(道歉)laterthatday.“WhatIdidwas__6__(complete)wrong.I'mreallysorryItookyourbike.Hopeyoucanaccept__7__(I)apology！”Mrs.Atkinstoldreportersshewasnotgoingtocallthepolice__8__shewasnolongerangry.Shewasjustthankfulthatshecouldgotoschoolonherbikeagain.Sheaddedthatshe'dprobablywriteanotherpassagetothethief.“Iwanttothankhim__9__returningthebikeandtellhimI'veforgiven(原諒)him，”sheexplained.“Peoplesometimesmake__10__(mistake)，buttheimportantthingisthattheyownupto(承認)whatthey'vedone，”shesaid.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________wasstolen

anthemostvaluabletowritefoundcompletelymybecauseformistakes(三)(2020?衢州)MrHappyalwayswokeupwithasunnysmile.Hewasoneofthemostcheerful__1__(man)intheworld.Hissmilewaseven__2__(bright)thanthesun.However，hehadonesecretthatmadehimsad，butnobodyknewaboutit.Thenoneday，whilegoingout__3__awalk，MrHappymetMissBeautiful.MrHappysmiledasusualandMissBeautifulsmiledback.ButthenshestoppedandlookedatMrHappy__4__(angry)．“Howrude！”sheshouted.“Youngman，don'tyouknowthatyoushouldraiseyourhat__5__youmeetalady！”For__6__firsttimeinhislife，MrHappylosthissmile.“I'msorry，MissBeautiful.”repliedMrHappy.“Butwithout__7__(I)haton，I'mnotverygood-lookingandthatmakesmesad.”“Really？”askedMissBeautiful.“Well，letmesee.Ipromise__8__(keep)thesecret.”MrHappy__9__(lift)hishat.Hehadthetotalofonlythreehairsonhishead!“Isthatallyou'reworriedabout？”askedMissBeautiful.“Why？Yourbrightsunnysmile__10__(love)byeverybody，nothowmanyhairsyouhave！”MissBeautifulsmiled.Eversincethatday，MrHappyhasn'tstoppedsmiling.Heisalwaysquicktoraisehishattoeveryonehemeets.1.______ 2.__________3._____

4.__________5.__________ 6._____________7.__________ 8.____________9.___________ 10._____________menbrighterforangrilywhen/as/if

themytokeepliftedisloved(四)(2020?宜賓)EverydaybringsnewstoriesandinformationaboutCOVID--19.Somestories__1__(be)encouraging，whileothersbringbadnews.Howcanyouknowwhototurnto？Canyoutrust