2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)語法課（3）形容詞副詞學(xué)案北師大版

基礎(chǔ)語法課(3)——形容詞、副詞［語境中體悟用法］1.朗讀下列句子，體會(huì)、領(lǐng)悟形容詞充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧＂貯brahamLincolnwasaself-made定語②Hewassotiredthathefellasleep表語③Martinfoundtheworkslightlydull.作賓補(bǔ)(4)1havesomethingimportant后置定語2.朗讀下列句子，體會(huì)、領(lǐng)悟副詞在句中的作用。①Hesaidquitepositively動(dòng)詞②It'ssimplywonderfultoseeyou!修飾形容詞(3)1heardpretty其他副詞(4)Yourcoatisjust介詞短語?Frankly,句子［系統(tǒng)中整合規(guī)則］(一)用法形容詞在句中主要作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，常和名詞、代詞有關(guān)聯(lián)；副詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，也可在句首表狀態(tài)。(二)形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則一般情況加-lycommon-*^commonlyimmediate->^immediately以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，將y改為i然后加-lysteady->^steadilybusyfbusily以-le結(jié)尾，去掉e加-ysimple->simplygentle^gently以-ic結(jié)尾，加-allyeconomic->economicallyscientific-*^scientifically［名師指津］(1)注意形近詞hard與hardly,前者表示“努力”，后者表示“兒乎不”。(2)deep,high,slow等本身是副詞,加上-ly后還是副詞，此時(shí)前者表示具體，后者表示抽象。(三)形容詞與副詞比較等級的構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為：原級、比較級和最高級。原級即形容詞和副詞的原形。比較級和最高級的詞形變化分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1.規(guī)則變化詞形分類及變化構(gòu)成原級比較級最r§j級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般加-er或-esttalllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e結(jié)尾的，只加-r或-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，先雙寫該輔音字母再加或-estbighotfatbiggerhotterfatterbiggesthottestfattest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，先變y為i再加-er或-esthappyeasyhappiereasierhappiesteasiest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞在前面加more或mostdifficultbeautifulmoredifficultmorebeautifulmostdifficultmostbeautiful［名師指津］表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent,extreme,perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。2.不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest(四)形容詞與副詞比較等級的用法.平級比較(1)用as...as???或not...as/so...as弓|導(dǎo)HenryisaworkerasgoodasPeter(is).亨利和彼得一樣都是好工人。(2)as+形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=ThebuiIdingis100meterstall.這幢樓有100米高。.表示比較的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)表示一方程度隨另一方程度平行變化時(shí)，用“the+比較級.?.，the+比較級??.”，意為“越……，就越……”。Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙，就越感到高興。(2)不與其他事物相比較，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“越來越……”。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們學(xué)校正變得越來越漂亮。(3)表示“和……一樣不……”時(shí)，用“no+比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)。YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一樣矮。.比較級形式表示最高級意義的表達(dá)方式(1)否定詞+比較級"anyother+單數(shù)名詞alltheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(2)比較級+than+〈anyone/anythingelseanyoftheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞<therestof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.這是我度過的最令人焦慮的一天。Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyotherstudentintheclass.=Everymorninghearrivesearlierthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.=Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoneelseintheclass.=Everymorninghearrivesearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsintheclass.-Everymorninghearrivesearlierthantherestofstudentsintheclass.每天早上他都是班里來得最早的學(xué)生。.最高級的常用句型(1)形容詞最高級(+名詞)+表示范圍的狀語Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.=Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我們國家最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級+名詞Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法(1)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as(2)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than(3)倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of(4)倍數(shù)+what從句Ourclassroomisthreetimesaslargeastheirs.=0urclassroomisthreetimeslargerthantheirs.=0urclassroomisthreetimesthesizeoftheirs.我們的教室是他們教室的三倍大。Thelengthoftheroadisfourtimeswhatitwasthreeyearsago.這條路的長度是三年前的四倍。［集訓(xùn)中明晰考點(diǎn)］在句中作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語一般要用形容詞；修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞或整個(gè)句子，要用副詞?？键c(diǎn)1形容詞與副詞的句法功能(2020?全國卷I)Landingonthemoon，sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.解析：extremely修飾形容詞challenging應(yīng)用extreme的副詞形式extremely。(2020?全國卷H)Bamboo：Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.解析：Certainly此處修飾整個(gè)句子，用副詞Certainly,注意首字母要大寫。(2020?全國卷II)BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花)：The(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蔣蕾)makefantasticdecorations.解析：beautiful由于空后的中心詞是名詞branches,所以用形容詞。(2019?全國卷I)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000—25,000polarbearsworldwide.解析：poorly設(shè)空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞hasbeenstudied,作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填poorly0(2019?全國卷II)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher,"It's(wonder).「解析：wonderful設(shè)空處前有系動(dòng)詞is,應(yīng)用形容詞作表語，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞wonderfulo考點(diǎn)2形容詞、副詞的比較級(1)根據(jù)比較等級的句式判斷，如果后面有than就用比較級；(2)有時(shí)候比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中并不出現(xiàn)than,而是根據(jù)語境判斷出用比較級；(3)當(dāng)空格前有表示程度的詞或詞組，如abit,alittle,much,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot等或有still,even等詞時(shí)，需填比較級；(4)表示“越……，就越……”用"the+比較級.?.，the+比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。(2020?浙江1月高考)Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelargecomparedtoyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes(old)thanbefore.解析：older結(jié)合句意和下文的thanbefore可知，這里意為“比以前更加年老”，故填oldero(2019?全國卷I)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.解析：higher根據(jù)空格后thantheyactuallyare可知，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級，故填highero(2018?浙江6月高考)Therecouldbeaneven(high)costonyourhealth.解析：higher此處表示這么做可能還會(huì)讓你付出更高的健康代價(jià)。根據(jù)even可判斷，此處要用形容詞的比較級。(2018?全國卷I)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears(long)thannon-runners.解析：longer根據(jù)空后的than和語境可知，此處應(yīng)該使用副詞比較級形式，故填longero(2017?全國卷I)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析:worse根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示程度的加深，所以用副詞比較級形式，evenworse表示“更糟糕的是”。(2017?浙江6月高考)Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.解析：earliersixteenyearsearlier表示“早在16年前”。此時(shí)的earlier相當(dāng)于before,一般直接跟在時(shí)間名詞的后面?？键c(diǎn)3形容詞、副詞的最高級(1)表達(dá)在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最……”，使用“the+形容詞/副詞的最高級+比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞有in,of,among等；(2)當(dāng)空格前有thesecond/third.??,oneof.??等詞時(shí),需填最高級；(3)有些詞本身就含有最高級含義，不能再用最高級，如favorite,wonderful,exhausted等。(2020?全國卷HI)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.解析：finest根據(jù)句意及后文的choosethebest可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級。(2018?全國卷III)Hescreamsthe(loud)ofall.解析：loudest根據(jù)空前的the以及空后的ofall可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞最高級。(2020?太原模才以)Thisfestivalisaholidayofgreatsignificanceandtheonewiththe(long)history.解析：longest根據(jù)語境及空前的the可知，應(yīng)用最高級。(2020?太原模擬)Iwanttolivemylifethatway一totakeitintotheworldandliveittothe(full).解析：fullestlivelifetothefullest”充實(shí)地生活”。(2020?太原模擬)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifth(large)continentintheworld.解析：largest表示“第幾個(gè)最……”，英語中也要用最高級。［自測中查漏補(bǔ)缺］I.單句語法填空(2020?1匕京高考)Second,tigersharksaresostrongandaggressivethattheycaneasily(easy)hitaperson.(2020?浙江1月高考)Thisisparticularly(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.(2020?新高考全國卷I)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,wealthy(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.(2019?全國卷III)Theyalsosharedwithusmanytraditional(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2019?II)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinally(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire，sWomanOfTheYear.(2021?西安模擬)Thepoormanwasshocked(shock)tohearthisandtheyfinallytooktheissuetocourttogettherightjudgment.Nowithasbecomeoneofthebiggest(big)internationalartfestivalsinAsia,providingaplatformforartistsathomeandabroadtoexchangeideas.(2021?合肥模擬)uBeforeIcametoEgypt,thetourismagencytoldmerepeatedly(repeat)tobringcoolingbalmasagifttomakethetripeasier(easy),"saidMrYe,a25-year-oldwhosefamilysellsChinesemedicineonline.H.單句改錯(cuò)Withthesechanges,people，spaceoflifehasbeenquickenedandpeople'sworkhasbeenmademoreefficiently,efficientlyfefficientButhestaysoutsidethelistoftheworld，s10richpeople,richfrichestThemeetingobviousprovedtobeaturningpointforbothofthem,promotingthebirthofAlibabaandlatercooperationwithJerryYang,obvious-obviouslyTorealizemydream,ImustlearnasmuchasIcantogetintoagoodmedicalcollege,whereIcanmakefullypreparationsforthejobofadoctor,fully->fullButKatiethoughtowningtheirownbikeswouldmakewonderfullymemoriesforeverychild,wonderfullyfwonderfulButwhenhehadrecoveredthreedayslater,hefeltamazingattheeffectoftheChinesemedicine,amazingfamazedStandingonthehighestplace,Ifeltsogreatly,greatlyfgreatSheworkshardlyandhasbeenamodelteacherforages,hardlyfhard語法填空(2021?高三開封模擬)Oneplacethathasleftalasting](impress)onmeistheislandofLesvosinGreece.Iwenttherefor2holidaywithsomeofmyfriends.Wefeltthatwedeservedabitofsunandachance3(relax)afterhavingstudiedsohard.Strangelyenough,eventhoughIwentthereforawell-earnedrest,I4(actual)workedharderthanIhadeverdonebefore.Insteadofspendingmydaysonthebeachsunbathingandswimminginthesea,Iendedup5(help)thelocalsdealwiththeendlessarrivalofrefugees(難民)，manyof6werestrugglingtogettothebeachaftertheirboatshadturnedover.Anyway,thisholidayturnedouttobeoneofthemost7(forget)ofmylife,butforallthewrongreasons.Often,whenI'malonethesedays,I8(disturb)bythememoriesofthefacesofparentswhocouldn，tfindtheirchildren,andthesoundofpeoplescreaming9help.10thepeopleofLesvosdidtohelpthesepeople,openingtheirhomestothemandsharingthefewpossessionstheythemselvesowned,wasabsolutelyamazing.IwascompletelytouchedbythegenerosityofthepeopleofLesvos.錯(cuò)誤！impression考查名詞?？仗幈恍稳菰~lasting和冠詞a修飾，故應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式，所以填impressiorioa考查冠詞。holiday意為“假期”，此處是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，表示泛指，又holiday的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a修飾。torelax考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。actually考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾動(dòng)詞worked,應(yīng)用副詞形式，在句子中作狀語，所以填actually。helping考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。endupdoingsth.為固定用法，故填help的動(dòng)名詞形式helpingowhom考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為refugees,表示人，所以用“代詞+of+whonT結(jié)構(gòu)來引導(dǎo)該從句。unforgettable考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處被themost修飾，