中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解

初三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

課題：閱讀專項(xiàng)班級(jí)：姓名：

中考考點(diǎn)要求：

閱讀理解題主要考查考生通過(guò)閱讀獲取信息、分析信息的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，包括閱讀、理解、

歸納概括、推理判斷以及對(duì)材料的評(píng)估能力等。

【解題指導(dǎo)】

閱讀理解解題方法

①直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。

②歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、

歸納得出正確答案。

③綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。

④捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出

正確答案。

⑤轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說(shuō)，而在問(wèn)題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法，但仍表示同

一含義。

⑥排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。

【考查內(nèi)容】

1.閱讀文章題材多樣（涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面），體裁

形式豐富（包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說(shuō)明、表格等），

這就需要考生在平時(shí)對(duì)各方面的知識(shí)都有所積累。

2.閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，包括閱讀、理解、歸納概括、邏輯推理

以及對(duì)材料的評(píng)估能力等。在閱讀技巧上，考生要注意文章的個(gè)別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、

文章的主題或背景知識(shí)、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。

【解題技巧】

L主旨題（Tofindoutthemainidea）

其目的是考查對(duì)短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。

解題技巧為：找主題句。應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短

文第一句或最后一句。

主旨題常見(jiàn)題式為：

-1.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?

]2.Themainideaofthispassageis

3.Thepassagemainlytellsus:

例題1

Happinessisforeveryone...

Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyou,ifyouputyourheartintoit...

Happinessisnotthesameasmoney,itisafeelingofyourheart...

（）Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?

A.BadluckB.GoodluckC.HappinessD.Life（答案為C）

例題2

IfssocrowdedinFlorida!Wchadtowaitalongtimetogoontheridessometimes.....

()Theparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.It'ssocrowdedinFlorida.

B.Wehadtowaitalongtime.

例題3

Nowscientistshavetoldussomegoodnewstofighttravelsickness.Chooseanaisle(過(guò)道)seatonaplane,

trainandsitinthefrontofaca匚Avoidstanding.Alwaysfacethesamewaythatyou'retravellingandleave

yourbooksathome.

()Theparagraphismainlyabout?

A.WheretositonaplaneB.Whentotravel

C.HowtopreventtravelsicknessD.Whyweshouldn'tstand

例題4

Sixstrongmentriedtopushandpull(拉拽)thebullout,butthebulldidn'tmoveatallandevenattacked

them.Thementhoughtcarefullyanddecidedtofillthebull'smilkbottlewithmilkthenusedittoleadthe

bullout.Itworkedatlast.Sometimeswemeetwithtroubles.Maybeatfirstyoufinditdifficulttodealwith

aproblem.Butthinkingindifferentwaysmayleadyoutothesolution.

()Whatdoesthisparagraphwanttotellus?

A.Experienceisthebestteacher.B.Somethingtried,somethingdone.

C.It'sdangeroustomakeabullangry.D.Whenausualwaycan'thelp,tryanotherway

f主旨大意隱含在全篇中。對(duì)每段主題句，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不

能在概括時(shí)過(guò)于寬泛，要恰如其分。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題(Tolookfordetails)

細(xì)節(jié)題是用來(lái)進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對(duì)短文某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)題。

解題技巧為：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、數(shù)字等，劃出相關(guān)句子，進(jìn)行對(duì)照。

例題1

Peterstartedplayingforthelocalclubwhenhewasonly10yearsoldin1948.In1970,hewasintheteam

thatwontheWorldCupforBrazilagain.Hefinallystoppedplayinginl977.

HowmanyyearsdidPeterplayfootball?

(咨案為29years。抓住兩個(gè)年份數(shù)字1977-1948)

細(xì)節(jié)題中的難點(diǎn)常為此類(lèi)問(wèn)題：

WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?

這類(lèi)題目要求從文中不同的地方挑出信息對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。選項(xiàng)之間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。解題技巧為：仔細(xì)

回讀相關(guān)信息。針對(duì)選項(xiàng)，逐個(gè)判斷正誤，1道等于4道。

例題2

Itseemsthateverybodytellslies-well,notbiglies,butwhatwecall“whitelies^^.Tellingwhiteliesisn*t

thatbad.Mostofthetime,peopledoitbecausetheywanttoprotectafriendship.

()WhichofthefollowingisnotTrue:

A.Whiteliesarenotbiglies.B.Infact,everybodytellslies.

C.Peopletellwhiteliestoprotectafriendship.D.Whiteliesareharmfultofriendship.

(答題時(shí)要求對(duì)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行回讀確認(rèn)信息，然后判斷。)(答案為

例題3

AssistantNeeded

AnassistantisneededinthePizzaHut.He/Shemustbehealthyandshouldhaveaninterestinmaking

pizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.

Tel

（）Thisadvertisementtellsusthat.

A.theassistantmustbeaman.B.theassistantmusthaveonceworkedina

restaurant.

C.theassistantmustbegoodatmakingpizza.D.Workexperienceisn'tnecessary.

f定位?一抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞,回原文中找到相關(guān)句。

3.推斷題（Toinferaconclusion）

推斷題就是根據(jù)某個(gè)事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論。包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識(shí)推斷以及作者的寫(xiě)作目的、態(tài)度和

傾向等的推斷。解題技巧為：尋找線索，悟出字里行間的意思。

常見(jiàn)題式：

JFromthepassageweknowthat

.Fromthepassagewecaninfer（推斷）that___

注意：此類(lèi)題目無(wú)法從原文中找到一模一樣的句子。

例題1

Thedoctorgavemysistersomemedicine,butitdidnothingtoher.

（）Fromthissentenceknow.

A.mysisterdidn'tlikethismedicineB.mysistertookthemedicine

C.themedicinemademysistersickD.mysistergotbetternow

（根據(jù)后半句的butitdidnothingtoher推斷得出我姐姐吃了這個(gè)藥。）（答案為D）

例題2

DukeEllingtonisknownasoneofthemostimportantcomposers（作曲家）ofhistime,andhisworkshave

beenenjoyedformorethan80yearsbymusicloversallovertheworld.DuringhisliletimeEllington

turnedmusicalsoundsintomanycompositions,mostlyinthestyleofJazz

（）Wemayinferfromthepassagethat.

A.Ellington'sworksdisappearedquickly.B.Ellingtonlovestravellingaroundtheworld.

C.Ellingtoncouldcomposeallkindsofsongs.D.Ellingtonhadagreatinfluenceontheworldof

music

f根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或選項(xiàng)中的線索，找到原文的相關(guān)句，進(jìn)行合理推斷、概括的選項(xiàng)為正確

答案

4.猜測(cè)詞義題（Toguessthemeaning）

猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。

解題技巧為：通過(guò)閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義。

常見(jiàn)題式如下：

CTheword"inthepassageprobablymeans.

工Whatdoestheword"…"mean.

（Theunderlined（戈線的）wordmeans.

例題1

Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.

（）Theunderlined（戈（J線的）wordmeans

A.animalsB.plantsC.HumansD.toys（由dogsandmonkeys可推斷出，答案為A）

例題2

Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.

()What?sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“defensive"?

A.易怒的B.攻擊性的C.外向的D.有戒心的

一利用因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義

例題3

Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.Peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseother

chemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects.Therearealsomanybusinessmen.

Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.

()“Chemical“inthestorymeans.

A.化學(xué)家B.污染「品C.藥品D.化學(xué)制品(答案為D)

一根據(jù)己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)的詞眼、詞綴來(lái)推出未知詞匯的意思。

例題4

Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely.(r)

例題5

Astrictvegetarianisapersonwhonevereatsmeatinhislife.()f通過(guò)程義來(lái)推測(cè)詞意。

【能力提升】

一、人物故事篇(記敘文)

Doyoubelievethatyouaren'tsmarterthan3-year-oldAlexisMartin,one

oftheyoungestmembersofthehighIQclubMensa?Preschooler(學(xué)齡前的)

Alexis'sIQis159,whichisonlyonepointlowerthanStephenHawking's.

DoctorssaytheaverageIQofapersonisabout100.

Shelearnedtoreadattheageof2.rShereadsatafifthgradelevelandhastaughtherselfSpanishon

herparents,iPad!Now,sheisamemberoftheMensaClub,whichonlyacceptspeoplewithanIQwithin

thetoptwopercentofpeopleintheworld!

Alexis'father,IanMartin,saidhefirstrealizedAlexiswasspecialwhenshewas12monthsold.She

couldrecite(背誦)bedtimestories."We'dbedrivingaroundinthecarandshewouldreciteherbedtime

storiesfromthenightbefore.Shedidn'tjustrecitethem,andsherecitedthemexactly,^^Alexis'father

wouldtrytotrickherandsaythatherstorywentadifferentway,butshealwayscorrectedhim.Most

12-month-oldchildrentaketheirfirststepsontheirownandmost18-month-oldscanonlynameasmall

numberofobjectsandbodyparts,andfollowsimpletwo-stepquestions.

EventhoughAlexisisagenius(天才)，herparentsarefacedwithlotsofchallengeslikehowtoteach

hertomakefriendsofherownage.

“Willshegointokindergartenearly?Wearekindofhesitant(遲疑的)becausewedowanthertogetto

thatsocialworld,Iansaid.

()1.AlexisMartinisagirlwho.

A.hasmanyhobbiesB.hasahighIQC.isgoodattellingstoriesD.likesreading

()2.Accordingtothereport,StephenHawking'sIQisashighas.

A.158B.159C.160D.101

()3.AlexisMartincouldrecitebedtimestoriesat.

A.theageof2B.theageof1

C.oneandahalfyearsoldD.theageof3

()4.WhatwouldAlexisdowhenherfathersaidherbedtimestojieswentadifferentway?

A.Shewouldrefusetolisten.B.Shewouldtrytoreciteit.

C.Shewouldcorrecthim.D.Shewouldlaughatit.

()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAlexisisNOTtrue?

A.SheisacceptedbytheMensaClub.B.Shehasmadealotoffriends.

C.Shelearnedtoreadattheageof2.D.Shelearnedaforeignlanguagebyherself.

二、說(shuō)明篇

Howquicklycanyoucoupntfromonetoten?Doyouusetendifferentwordstodoit?Canyoudoitin

English,ordoyouhavetouseyourfirstlanguage?Doyoucountonyourfingers?Manypeoplethinkthat

numbersandmatharethesameallovertheworld.Butscientistshavediscoveredthatitisnottrue.

Peopleindifferentpartsofthqworldusedifferentwaystocountontheirfingers.IntheUnited

States,peoplebegincountingwiththeirfirstfinger,whichtheyextendorstickout.Theythenextendthe

restoftheirfingersandfinallytheIhumb(拇指)tocounttofive.Thentheyrepeatthiswiththeotherhandto

gettoten.InChina,peoplecountbyusingdifferentfingerpositions.Inthisway,aChinesepersoncan

easilycounttotenononlyonehand.

Besideswaysoffingercounting,scientistshavefoundthatculturesandlanguagesarealsodifferent

whenitcomestonumbers.Somelanguageshaveonlyafewwordsfornumbers,andothershavenowords

fornumbers.Agroupofscientistsstudiedaboriginal(土著的)peopleinAustralia.Thesepeopledon'thave

handmovementstostandfornumbers.Theydon'tevenhavewordsfornumbers.However,theyarestill

abletounderstanddifferentideasaboutnumbers.

Inasimilarstudy,researchersfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydiscoveredthatpeople

ofthePirahatribe(部落)innorthwesternBrazildon'thavewordsfornumberssuchas"one"or"three”.

Theyarenotabletosay“fivetrees^^or“tentrees“butcansay“sometrees","moretrees,,or“manytrees”.

ProfessorEdwardGibsonsaidthatmostpeoplebelievethateveryoneknowshowtocount,“Buthereisa

groupthatdoesnotcount.Theycouldlearn,butit'snotusefulintheirculture,sothey'veneverpickedit

up.”

Althoughallhumansareabletounderstandquantities(數(shù)量)，notalllanguageshavenumbersandnot

allpeopleusecounting.Numberwordsinacertainlanguagearearesultofpeopleneedingnumbersintheir

dailylives.Nowweknowthatpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutnumbersandmath,too.

()6.Thewriterbeginswiththerfourquestionsinorderto.

A.makeasurveyB.interestreaders

C.tellastoryD.solvemathproblems

()7.WhatdowelearnfromthedifferenceinfingercountingbetweentheU.S.andChina?

A.PeoplefromChinacountmuchfasterthanpeoplefromtheU.S.

B.PeoplefromChinaneedtwohandstocountfromonetoten.

C.Peopleofdifferentculturesmayusedifferentwaysoffingercounting.

D.Peopleofdifferentculturesusethesamewayoffingercounting.

()8.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutaboriginalAustralians?

A.Theyhaveonlyafewwordsfornumbers.B.Theyhavehandmovementstostandfor

numbers.

C.Theycanonlycounttofiveontheirfingers.D.Theycanunderstanddifferentideasabout

numbers.

()9.ThestudyofthePirahatribeshowsthat.

A.peopleallovertheworldknowhowtocountB.peopleofthetribehavewordsfor

numbers

C.somegroupsofpeoplearenotsmartenougjitocountD.countingisnotusefulintheculture

ofthetribe

()10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentideasraboutnumbersandmath.

B.ChinesepeoplecancountmoreeasilyontheirfingersthanAmericans.

C.Insomeaboriginalcultures,peopledon'tevenknowhowtocount.

D.Somelanguagesdon'thavenumberwordsbecausepeopledon'tneednumbers.

三、應(yīng)用篇

J&MMusicStorePethMarket

?Rock,popandcountrymusic?Freshfruitandvegetables

?BuyCDsneworused?OpenFridaytoSundaymornings

?Listenbeforeyoubuy?Freeicecreamforchildrenunder12

?Guitarlessonsoffered

TimesCoffeeShopMacon'sB&B

?Thebestcoffeeintown?Feellikehome

,Sandwiches,cakes,pies?Wehavedifferentkindsofrooms

?Open10:00a.m一11:00p.m.daily?Delicioushomemadebreakfast

?Jazzmusic(WednesdaytoSunday)

)11.YoucanatJ&MMusicStore.

A.receiveguitarlessonsB.borrowneworusedCDs

C.learnpopmusichistoryD.buyallkindsofmusicbooks

()12.YoucangotoTimesCoffeeShoptohavecoffeeandpiesat.

A.8:30a.m.B.9:30a.m.C.10:30p.m.D.11:30p.m.

()13.Ifyourfriendiscomingforavisit,wherewillhestayforanight?

A.InJ&MMusicStore.B.InPethMarket

C.AtTimesCoffeeShop.D.AtMacon'sB&B.

()14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.ThereisnobreakfastatMacon'sB&B.B.Youcan'tlistentotheCDbeforeyoubuyit.

C.TimesCoffeeShopoffersJazzmusiceveryday.

D.Kidsunder12cangetfreeicecreaminPethMarket.

()15.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?

A.Adictionary.B.Anewspaper.C.Astorybook.D.Asciencereport.

四、英美作家的經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品(略作改寫(xiě))

OneafternoonItouredanartmuseumwhilewaitingformyhusbandtofinishabusinessmeeting.I

waslookingforwardtoaquietviewoftheartworks.

Ayoungcoupleviewingthepaintingsaheadofmechattednonstopbetweenthemselves.Iwatched

themamomentanddecidedthewifewasdoingallthetalk.Iadmiredthehusband'spatienceforputtingup

withhercontinuoustalk.Distractedbytheirnoise,Imovedon.

ImetwiththemseveraltimesasImovedthroughthedifferentroomsofart.EachtimeIheardher

constantburstofwords,Imovedawayquickly.

Iwasstandingatthecounterofthemuseumgiftshopmakingapurchasewhenthecouplecamenear

totheexit.Beforetheyleft,themanreachedintohispocketandpulledoutawhiteobject.Heextendedit

intoalongstickandtappedhiswayintothecoatroomtogethiswife'sjacket.

“He'sabraveman."Theclerkatthecountersaid,^^Mostofuswouldgiveupifwewereblindedat

suchayoungage.During