達(dá)洛維夫人資料

達(dá)洛維夫人資料第1頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)第2頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)AnApproachtoMrs.DallowayVirginiaWoolfI.BriefIntroduction

II.AnalysisofMrs.DallowayIII.CommentIV.Q&A第3頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)VirginiaWoolf

MaterofStreamofConsciousness”

1882-1941第4頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)I.BriefIntroduction.MrsDalloway(publishedon14May1925)isanovelbyVirginiaWoolfthatdetailsadayinthelifeofClarissaDallowayinpost-WorldWarI

England.ItisoneofWoolf'sbest-knownnovels.Createdfromtwoshortstories,"MrsDallowayinBondStreet"andtheunfinished"ThePrimeMinister",thenovel'sstoryisofClarissa'spreparationsforapartyofwhichsheistobehostess.Withtheinteriorperspectiveofthenovel,thestorytravelsforwardsandbackintimeandinandoutofthecharacters'mindstoconstructanimageofClarissa'slifeandoftheinter-warsocialstructure.第5頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)lotSummaryClarissaDallowaygoesaroundLondoninthemorning,gettingreadytohostapartythatevening.ThenicedayremindsherofheryouthatBourtonandmakesherwonderaboutherchoiceofhusband;shemarriedthereliableRichardDallowayinsteadoftheenigmaticanddemandingPeterWalshandshe"hadnottheoption"tobewithSallySeton.Peterreintroducestheseconflictsbypayingavisitthatmorning.SeptimusWarrenSmith,aveteranofWorldWarIsufferingfromdeferredtraumaticstress,spendshisdayintheparkwithhisItalian-bornwifeLucrezia,wheretheyareobservedbyPeterWalsh.Septimusisvisitedbyfrequentandindecipherablehallucinations,mostlyconcerninghisdearfriendEvanswhodiedinthewar.Laterthatday,afterheisprescribedinvoluntarycommitmenttoapsychiatrichospital,hecommitssuicidebyjumpingoutofawindow.Clarissa'spartyintheeveningisaslowsuccess.Itisattendedbymostofthecharactersshehasmetinthebook,includingpeoplefromherpast.ShehearsaboutSeptimus'suicideatthepartyandgraduallycomestoadmiretheactofthisstranger,whichsheconsidersanefforttopreservethepurityofhishappiness.第6頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Dearest,IfeelcertainthatIamgoingmadagain:Ifeelwecan’tgothroughanotherofthoseterribletimes.AndIshan’trecoverthistime.Ibegintohearvoices,andcan’tconcentrate.SoIamdoingwhatseemsthebestthingtodo.Youhavegivenmethegreatestpossiblehappiness.Youhavebeenineverywayallthatanyonecouldbe.Idon’tthinktwopeoplecouldhavebeenhappiertillthisterriblediseasecame.Ican’tfightitanylonger,IknowthatIamspoilingyourlife,thatwithoutmeyoucouldwork.AndyouwillIknow.YouseeIcan’tevenwritethisproperly.Ican’tread.WhatIwanttosayisthatIoweallthehappinessofmylifetoyou.Youhavebeenentirelypatientwithmeandincrediblygood.Iwanttosaythat-everybodyknowsit.Ifanybodycouldhavesavedmeitwouldhavebeenyou.Everythinghasgonefrommebutthecertaintyofyourgoodness.Icantgoonspoilingyourlifeanylonger.Idon’tthinktwopeoplecouldhavebeenhappierthanwehavebeen.第7頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ThemesThenovelhastwomainnarrativelinesinvolvingtwoseparatecharacters(ClarissaDallowayandSeptimusSmith);withineachnarrativethereisaparticulartimeandplaceinthepastthatthemaincharacterskeepreturningtointheirminds.ForClarissa,the"continuouspresent"(GertrudeStein'sphrase)ofhercharmedyouthatBourtonkeepsintrudingintoherthoughtsonthisdayinLondon.ForSeptimus,the"continuouspresent"ofhistimeasasoldierduringtheGreatWarkeepsintruding,especiallyintheformofEvans,hiscomrade.第9頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)MentalillnessSeptimus,astheshell-shockedwarhero,operatesasapointedcriticismofthetreatmentofmentalillnessanddepression.WoolflashesoutatthemedicaldiscoursethroughSeptimus'declineandsuicide;hisdoctorsmakesnapjudgmentsabouthiscondition,talktohimmainlythroughhiswifeanddismisshisurgentconfessionsbeforehecanmakethem.ReziaremarksthatSeptimus"wasnotill.DrHolmessaidtherewasnothingthematterwithhim".Woolfgoesbeyondcriticizingthetreatmentofmentalillness.UsingthecharactersofClarissaandRezia,shemakestheargumentthatpeoplecanonlyinterpretSeptimus'shell-shockaccordingtotheirculturalnorms.ThroughoutthecourseofthenovelClarissadoesnotmeetSeptimus.Clarissa'srealityisvastlydifferentfromthatofSeptimus;hispresenceinLondonisunknowntoClarissauntilhisdeathbecomesidlechatatherparty.Byneverhavingthesecharactersmeet,Woolfissuggestingthatmentalillnesscanbecontainedtotheindividualswhosufferfromitwithoutotherswhoremainunaffectedeverhavingtowitnessit.第10頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)MentalillnessThisallowsWoolftoweavehercriticismofthetreatmentofthementallyillwithherlargerargument,whichisthecriticismofsociety'sclassstructure.HeruseofSeptimusasthestereotypicallytraumatizedmanfromthewarisherwayofshowingthattherewerestillremindersoftheFirstWorldWarin1923London.TheseripplesaffectMrs.Dallowayandreadersspanninggenerations.Shellshockorposttraumaticstressdisorderisanimportantadditiontotheearly20thcenturycanonofpost-warBritishLiterature.TherearesimilaritiesinSeptimus'conditiontoWoolf'sstruggleswithbipolardisorder(theybothhallucinatethatbirdssinginGreekandWoolfonceattemptedtothrowherselfoutofawindowasSeptimusdoes).Woolfeventuallycommittedsuicidebydrowning.Woolf'soriginalplanforhernovelcalledforClarissatokillherselfduringherparty.Inthisoriginalversion,Septimus(whomWoolfcalledMrs.Dalloway's"double")didnotappearatall.第11頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ExistentialissuesWhenPeterWalshseesagirlinthestreetandstalksherforhalfanhour,henotesthathisrelationshiptothegirlwas"madeup,asonemakesupthebetterpartoflife."Byfocusingoncharacters'thoughtsandperceptions,Woolfemphasizesthesignificanceofprivatethoughtsratherthanconcreteeventsinaperson'slife.MostoftheplotinMrsDallowayisrealizationsthatthecharacterssubjectivelymake.Fueledbyherboutofillhealth,ClarissaDallowayisemphasizedasawomanwhoappreciateslife.Herloveofparty-throwingcomesfromadesiretobringpeopletogetherandcreatehappymoments.Hercharm,accordingtoPeterWalshwholovesher,isasenseofjoiedevivre,alwayssummarizedbythesentence"Thereshewas."SheinterpretsSeptimusSmith'sdeathasanactofembracinglifeandhermoodremainslighteventhoughshehearsaboutitinthemidstoftheparty.第12頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)

Feminism

Asacommentaryoninter-warsociety,Clarissa'scharacterhighlightstheroleofwomenastheproverbial"AngelintheHouse"andembodiessexualandeconomicrepressionandthenarcissismofbourgeoiswomenwhohaveneverknownthehungerandinsecurityofworkingwomen.Shekeepsupwithandevenembracesthesocialexpectationsofthewifeofapatricianpoliticianbutsheisstillabletoexpressherselfandfinddistinctioninthepartiesshethrows.HeroldfriendSallySeton,whomClarissaadmiresdearly,isrememberedasagreatindependentwoman:Shesmokedcigars,oncerandownacorridornakedtofetchhersponge-bagandmadebold,unladylikestatementstogetareactionfrompeople.WhenClarissameetsherinthepresentday,sheturnsouttobeaperfecthousewife,havingmarriedaself-maderichmanandgivenbirthtofivesons.第13頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)HomosexualityClarissaDallowayisstronglyattractedtoSallyatBourton—34yearslater,shestillconsidersthekisstheysharedtobethehappiestmomentofherlife.Shefeelsaboutwomen"asmenfeel",butshedoesnotrecognizethesefeelingsassignsofhomosexuality.Similarly,SeptimusishauntedbytheimageofhisdearfriendEvans.Evans,hiscommandingofficer,isdescribedasbeing"undemonstrativeinthecompanyofwomen".ThenarratordescribesSeptimusandEvansbehavingtogetherlike"twodogsplayingonahearth-rug"who,inseparable,"hadtobetogether,sharewitheachother,fightwitheachother,quarrelwitheachother..."JeanE.Kennardnotesthattheword"share"couldeasilybereadinaForsteranmanner,perhapsasinForster'sMauricewhichshowstheword'suseinthisperiodtodescribehomosexualrelations.KennardisonetonoteSeptimus'"increasingrevulsionattheideaofheterosexualsex",abstainingfromsexwithReziaandfeelingthat"thebusinessofcopulationwasfilthtohimbeforetheend."第14頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)ART1Background第15頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ModernliteratureTime:1910-1945

CharacteristicsofModernismModernliteratureoftenfeaturesamarkedpessimism,aclearrejectionoftheoptimismapparentinVictorianliterature.ModernliteratureoftenmovesbeyondthelimitationsoftheRealistnovelwithaconcernforlargerfactorssuchassocialorhistoricalchange，thisisprominentin"streamofconsciousness"writing.第16頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)

TheModernismemphasisonaradicalindividualismwhichcanbeseeninthemanyliterarymanifestos，suchasRichardHollenbeck's“FirstGermanDadaManifesto”of1918.

ModernliteratureattemptedtomovefromthebondsofRealistliteratureandintroduceconceptssuchasdisjointedtimelines.Modernistliteraturedevelopedastylethatcanbecharacterizedbyapreoccupationwithstylisticnovelty,formalfragmentation,multipleperspectives,andalternativestotraditionalnarrativeforms.第17頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)criticismHerworkwascriticisedfor

epitomizingthenarrowworldoftheupper-middleclassEnglishintelligentsia.belackinginuniversalityanddepth,withoutthepowertocommunicateanythingofemotionalorethicalrelevancetothereader,asananti-Semite,第18頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)eterWalshRichardDallowaySallySetonClarissaDallowayElizabethDalloway第19頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)SeptimusSmithLucreziaDr.HolmesWilliamBradshawClarissaDalloway第20頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ClarissaDalloway第21頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ClarissaDalloway

Theheroineofthenovel,Clarissaisanalyzedintermsofherlife,personality,andthoughtprocessthroughoutthebookbytheauthorandothercharacters.Clarissaenjoysthemoment-to-momentaspectoflifeandbelievesthatapieceofherremainsineveryplaceshehasvisited.Shelacksacertainwarmth,butisacaringwomanwhoistouchedbythepeoplearoundherandtheirconnectiontolifeingeneral.Clarissafeelsthatherpartiesarehergifttotheworldandisproudtoshareherselfwithothers.

第22頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ClarissaAndSally第23頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)SallySeton/LadyRosseter

Asayoungwoman,shewasClarissa'sbestfriend,stayingwithClarissaatBourtonbecauseshewasconsiderablypoorerthanClarissa.Sallyenjoyedcausingaraucousbymakingoutrageousclaimsandactingonarebelliousinstinctthatledhertosmokecigars,runnakeddownthehalls,anddoothercrazystuntsthatwerenotcondonedbyClarissa'srelatives.SherepresentsClarissa'struebutunfulfilledlove.Asanolderwoman,shehassurprisinglymarriedawealthymanandhadafamily,thoughsheretainsmanyofherspiritedqualities.

第24頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)RichardDalloway

Clarissa'shusband,Richardisinlovewithhiswifebutfeelsuncomfortableshowinghisaffection.Amemberofthegovernment,hecontinuallymustattendcouncils,committees,andimportantmeetings.HeiscalledonbyLadyBrutonforcounsel,butisviewedbySallySetonasnotreachinghispotential.SheandPeterfeelthathewouldhaveratherbeeninthecountryonafarm.Clarissawasattractedtohimforhisdirectideas,commandofsituations,andfacilitywithanimals.第25頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)eterWalsh

Clarissa'sbeaubeforeRichard,PeterdoesnotseeClarissaoftenaftertheirbreakup.HehadmovedtoIndia,married,separated,andthenfalleninloveagain.Thedayofthenovel,hereturnstoLondonandvisitsClarissa.ThereisstillanintensitybetweenthemandPeterrevealslatertoSallySetonthatClarissaruinedhislifebyrefusingtomarryhim.HerethinksmuchoftheirtimeatBourtonanddecidestoattendClarissa'spartyeventhoughhehatesherparties.Hewaitstheentirepartyjusttospeakwithherorbenearher.第26頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ElizabethDalloway

ClarissaandRichard'sdaughter,sheisdescribedasstrangelydarkandexoticlooking.Shegarnersmuchattentionfromsuitorsbutwouldratherspendhertimeinthecountrywithherfatheranddogthanathermother'sparty.SheisclosetoMissKilmanbutfindsMissKilmanoddandawkwardattimes.Shesometimesimaginesthatshemaybeaveterinariansothatshecancareforanimals.第27頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)SeptimusSmithOftenconsideredClarissa'sdoppelganger,Septimuswasasuccessful,intelligent,literaryyoungmanbeforeWorldWarI.Duringthewar,hewinsmanyhonorsandfriends.Afteragoodfriend,Evans,iskilled,herealizesthathecannolongerfeel.MarryingReziainanattempttomoveon,Septimusneverregainsanemotionalattachmenttotheworld.ThecouplemovesbacktoLondonandSeptimusreturnstohisgoodjob,butheslowlyslipsintofurtherdepthsofdespairandhorror.Hehearsvoices,namelyofEvans,andbecomesextremelysensitivetocolorandnaturalbeauty.Thedoctorscompoundhisproblemsbyignoringthem,andtheybecometheembodimentofevilandhumanity,inhismind.WhenDr.Holmespushesintohishometoseehim,Septimusthrowshimselfoutthewindowtohisdeath.第28頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)LucreziaWarrenSmith

Septimus'wife,LucrezialivedinItalybeforemarryingandmadehatswithhersister.Sheisyoungandfunloving,butbecomesseriouslyhumiliatedandsadwhenSeptimusstartsslippingintoinsanity.Shewantedanormalmarriagewithchildren,notamanwhotalkstohimself.Whentheyfirstmet,hehadintroducedhertoShakespeareandlistenedtoher.Reziatriestoprotectherhusbandfromthedoctors,but,intheend,shecannot.第29頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)SirWilliamBradshaw

TheesteemedpsychologistwhotreatsSeptimusafterDr.Holmes,BradshawrecommendsrestinthecountryforSeptimussohecanbereorientedtoBradshaw'sstrictidealofproportion.HerecognizesthatSeptimusisseriouslysufferingfrompost-waranguish.HeishatedbySeptimusbecauseherepresentshumanityalongwithHolmes,byReziabecausehetriestoseparatethecouple,andbyClarissabecausehemakesthelivesofhispatientsintolerable.第30頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)thestory

PART4第31頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Sussex，England

1941第32頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)VirginiaWoolfbeginsherlastnovel,Mrs.Dalloway.第33頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Leonardhasnursedherthroughherillnesses,"doesnotdemandwhatshecan'tprovide"andsoisalwaysgentlewithher.第34頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)ShedeterminestomovebacktoLondon,bettertodiethere"ravingmadthanevaporateinRichmond."第35頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Shedrownsherselfintheriver.第36頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)LosAngeles

1951第37頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)

LaurareadsthebeginningofMrs.Dalloway,"tryingtoloseherself."

第38頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)LauraandRichiebegintomakethebirthdaycakeforherhusbandDan.第39頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Shethinksaboutcommittingsuicide,butrejectstheidea.第40頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Lauraeventuallyabandonsherfamily.第41頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)NewYorkCity

2001第42頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Clarissabuysflowersforthepartysheisgivingforherbest

friendandformerloverRichard.RichardhasgivenherthenicknameMrs.Dalloway

第43頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)RichardisdyingofAIDS.Heisnotsurehehasthewillorthestrengthtoaccepthisaward,whichheinsists,heisgettingbecausehehasAIDSandnotbecauseofhisliterarytalents.第44頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Richardadmitsthathefeelslikeafailure,tellsClarissahelovesher,leansfurtheroutthewindow.第45頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Facethelifeandloveit.第46頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)ART5Thought-provokingandemotive第47頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveAwoman'swholelifeinasingleday,justoneday,andinthatday,herwholelife.

It'sonthisday,thisdayofalldays,herfatebecomescleartoher.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第48頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)VirginiaWoolf—choosetodieSomeonehastodieinorderthattherestofusshouldvaluelifemore.It'scontrast.

Youcannotfindpeacebyavoidinglife.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.

Thought-provokingandemotive第49頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveMylifehasbeenstolenfromme.I'mlivinginatownIhavenowishtolivein...I'mlivingalifeIhavenowishtolive...Howdidthishappen?ButifitisachoicebetweenRichmondanddeath,Ichoosedeath.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第50頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveDearLeonard.Tolooklifeintheface.

要把人生看透，Alwaystolooklifeintheface一定要永遠(yuǎn)真實(shí)地直面人生，andtoknowitforwhatitis.了解人生的本質(zhì)，Atlasttoknowit.當(dāng)你終于了解人生，Toloveitforwhatitis,就能真正的熱愛(ài)生命，andthen,toputitaway.然后才舍得放下。

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第51頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveLeonard.Alwaystheyearsbetweenus.Alwaystheyears.Alwaysthelove.Alwaysthehours.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第52頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveLauraBrown—choosetoescape

LauraBrown:"We'rebakingthecakefordaddy,toshowhimthatwelovehim."RichieBrown:"Otherwisehewon'tknow?"LauraBrown:"That'sright."

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第53頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotive"Itwouldbewonderfultosayyouregretted.Itwouldbeeasy.Whatdoesitmeantoregretwhenyouhavenochoice?It'swhatyoucanbear.Andthereitis.Noone'sgoingtoforgiveme.itwasdeath.Ichoselife."

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第54頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotive

ClarissaVaughan—choosetohugeSally,IthinkI'llbuytheflowersmyself.Thatiswhatwedo.Thatiswhatpeopledo.Theystayaliveforeachother.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第55頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Thought-provokingandemotiveIrememberonemorninggettingupatdawn,therewassuchasenseofpossibility.Youknow,thatfeeling?AndIrememberthinkingtomyselfthisisthebeginningofhappiness.Thisiswhereitstarts.Andofcoursetherewillalwaysbemore.Itneveroccurredtomeitwasn'tthebeginning.Itwashappiness.Itwasthemoment.Rightthen.

Mrs.Dallawaysaid"Shewouldbuytheflowersherself”.第56頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)P(yáng)ART6Motifs&Symbols第57頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)MotifsMotifsarerecurringstructures,contrasts,orliterarydevicesthatcanhelptodevelopandinformthetext'smajorthemes.SymbolsSymbolsareobjects,characters,figures,orcolorsusedtorepresentabstractideasorconcepts.第58頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)FlowersafamousopeninglineFlowershavedifferentconnotationsforeachofthemajorcharacters:

Virginia,therosesaroundthebedofthedeadbirdsignifyrestandfunerealblankness.

Clarissa,shebringsRichardflowerstobrightenhisdarkapartment,andshebringssomehometospruceupherownapartment.

Laura,sheputstherosesonthebirthdaytableforDanasawaytomakeupforthementaldistancebetweenherselfandherfamily.第59頁(yè)/共71頁(yè)Laura'sCakeLaurawantsthecakeshemakesforDantofulf