2022-2023學(xué)年北京市東城區(qū)高三（第1次）?？加⒄Z試卷 解析版

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年北京市東城區(qū)高三（第1次）?？加⒄Z試卷學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________題號一二三四五六七總分得分注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解（本大題共14小題，共28.0分）AEveryyear,young,talented,andambitiousnatureconservationistsfromallovertheworldshoottheirshotfortheFutureForNature(FFN)Award,anhonorableinternationalaward.TheFutureForNatureaimsto:·Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.·Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.·Helpwinnerstoraisetheirprofile,extendtheirprofessionalnetworkandstrengthentheirfundingbasis.Benefits·Thewinnerseachreceive50,000eurosandmaymaketheirowndecisiontospendthemoneyintheserviceofnatureconservation.·FFNoffersthewinnersaplatformandbringstheirstoriestotheattentionofconservationists,financiersandawideaudience,allowingthemtoincreasetheirimpactandgainmoreaccesstofunds.·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners,dedicatedpeoplewhoformacommunityofpeoplewiththesameinterest.FFNoffersthemtheopportunitytomeeteachotherandcontinuetolearnwitheachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.QualificationsThecandidate：·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.·Isabletoexplainhis/herconservationworkinfluentEnglish(writtenandspoken).·Hasachievedsubstantialandlong-termbenefitstotheconservationstatusofoneormoreanimalorplantspecies.·Mustbedeterminedtocontinuehis/herconservationwork,astheawardaimstostimulatethewinner'sfuturework.Itisnotan"endofcareer"prize.AdditionalRemarksForthe2023FutureForNatureAward,weareagainsearchingfornaturalleaders,whohaveproventhattheycanmakeadifferenceinspecies'survival.Fromallapplications,6to10nominees(被提名者)willbeselected.Theseapplicantswillbeaskedtoprovideadditionalinformation,whichwillbeusedtoselectthefinalawardees.Ultimately,threeinspiringwildlifeheroesareselectedasthewinners.ApplicationProcess:ApplyonlinethroughtheApplyNowlink.ApplicationDeadline:May1st,2023.1.WhichisoneoftheaimsoftheFutureForNature?A.Toaidmoregreengroups.

B.Tofundacademiceducation.

C.Toinspireconservationefforts.

D.Toraiseenvironmentalawareness.2.Thewinnerswillgetthechanceto________.A.consulttopspecialists B.meetlike-mindedpeople

C.benefitthelocalcommunity D.promoteself-createdplatforms3.Toapplyforthe2023FutureForNatureAward,candidatesmust______.A.meettheagerequirement

B.applyviamailbythedeadline

C.turnintheapplicationinEnglish

D.provideadditionalpersonalinformationBThesignonthelibrarian'sdeskread:"ReadersWantedforProjectReadAloud."Sherenestaredatitasthelibrarianstampedthebookthatshehadselectedforherweeklyreadingfarewithareturnbydate."WhatisProjectReadAloud?"Shereneasked."Here'sthebrochureaboutit.There'saforminsidetofilloutifyouwanttobecomeareader.Thereisnopay,bytheway,"thelibrariansaidwithasmile.Sherenewalkedhome.Shelovedlivingwithinwalkingdistanceofhertown'spubliclibrary.Shelovedtositinoneoftheoverstuffedreadingchairsinthereadingroomwiththesmellofbooksallaroundherandloseherselfinabook.Shehadmovedawayafterhighschoolandhadrecentlymovedback.Thelibraryandfondmemoriesofherchildhoodhaddrawnherbacktothissmalltown.Oncehome,shesatdowntoreadthebrochure,whichsaid,"ProjectReadAloudseekstoprovidetheopportunityofhearingstoriesreadaloudinacomfortablesetting."Thatisafinegoal,shethought.Sherenefilledouttheform.Shelovedreadingaloud.Whenshewasachild,shereadaloudtoherteddybear.Later,whenshegrewupandbecameateacher,shereadaloudtoherstudentsmanytimesthroughouttheday.Sinceherretirement,shereadaloudonlytoherselfandBoots,hercat.Itwouldfeelsogoodtohaveahumanaudienceonceagaintosharestorieswith.Acoupleofdayslater,Sherenesatinthenowemptysmalltheatreinthelibrary,preparingthefirststoryshewasgoingtoread.Soon,theaudiencebegantowanderinandfindtheirseats.Thetheatrewashalffullinhalfanhour.Sherenesteppedtotheedgeofthestageandintroducedherself.Sheexplainedtheoriginofthestory,openedthebookandbegantoread.Shewovethetalemasterfullycreatingvoicesforthecharacters,pausingforemphasis,andtakingthelistenersintoanotherworld.WhenSherenereadthelastwordsofthestory,therewasamomentarysilenceasitallsankintothelistenersandthenaburstofenthusiasticapplause.Atthatmoment,understandingdidgrowinthetownthroughthesharingofstories.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutSherene?A.Sheusedtobeateacher.

B.Shelivedfarfromthelibrary.

C.Shelikedhearingstoriesreadaloud.

D.Shewasinvolvedinmanysocialactivities.5.WhydidSherenejoininProjectReadAloud?A.Shewantedtomakenewfriends.

B.Theproject'sgoalsuitedherinterest.

C.Theprojectbroughtherextraincome.

D.Sheneededtoimproveherreadingability.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSherene'sfirstperformance?A.Meaningfulandhumorous. B.Novelandamusing.

C.Impressiveandconventional. D.Vividandabsorbing.CManypeoplehaveparticipatedintolotsofvirtualmeetingstheseyears.Someresearchshowsthisadjustmentmightnotimpactworkplaceproductivitytoanygreatdegree.Anewstudy,though,suggestsotherwise.Inthestudy,602participantswererandomlypairedandaskedtocomeupwithcreativeusesforaproduct.Theywerealsorandomlyselectedtoworktogethereitherinpersonorvirtually.Thepairswerethenrankedbyassessingtheirtotalnumberofideas,aswellasthoseconcepts'

degreeofnovelty,andaskedtosubmittheirbestidea.Amongthegroups,virtualpairscameupwithsignificantlyfewerideas,suggestingthatsomethingaboutface-to-faceinteractiongeneratesmorecreativeideas.Thefindingscouldstiffenemployers'resolvetourgeorrequiretheiremployeestocomebacktotheoffice."Weranthisexperimentbasedonfeedbackfromcompaniesthatitwashardertoinnovatewithremoteworkers,"saidleadresearcherMelanieBrucks."Unlikeotherformsofvirtualcommunication,likephonecallsore-mail,videoconferencingcopiesthein-personexperiencequitewell,soIwassurprisedwhenwefoundmeaningfuldifferencesbetweenin-personandvideointeractionforideageneration."Whenrandomobjectswereplacedinboththevirtualandphysicalrooms,thevirtualpairsofparticipantsspentmoretimelookingdirectlyateachotherratherthanlettingtheirlookwanderabouttheroomandtakingintheentirescene.Eyeingone'swholeenvironmentandnoticingtherandomobjectswereassociatedwithincreasedideageneration.Onplatforms,thescreenoccupiesourinteractions.Ourlookwaversless."Lookingawaymightcomeacrossasrude,"saidBrucks,"sowehavetolookatthescreenbecausethatisthedefinedcontextoftheinteraction,thesamewaywewouldn'twalktoanotherroomwhiletalkingtosomeoneinperson."Likemosteducators,Bruckshasprimarilytaughtvirtuallyinthepastthreeyears,andshedidnoticesomebenefitsoftheapproachaswell.Herstudentsweremorelikelytotaketurnsspeakingandhershyerstudentsspokeupmoreoften,ridoftheanxietythatcomesfromaddressingalargeclassroom.Brucksfoundthatonesolutiontoimprovingvirtualideagenerationmightbetosimplyturnoffthecamera,forherstudentsfelt"freer"andmorecreativewhenaskedtodoso.Andthismaybesoundadvicefortheworkplace.Virtualteamworkcan'treplaceface-to-faceteamwork.Ideaselectionproficiency(能力)isonlyvaluableifyouhavestrongoptionstoselectfrom,andface-to-faceteamsarethebestmeanstogeneratewinningoptions.Perhapstheworkplacewillfindacompromise—asweetspotinthemiddlethatbalancesworkingfrombothhomeandoffice.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stiffen"inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Shake. B.Revise. C.Challenge. D.Strengthen.8.Atfirst,leadresearcherMelanieBrucksmightthinkthat______.A.videoconferencingcan'tcomparewithin-personcommunication

B.participantsshouldmakeeyecontactinanonlinemeeting

C.thefeedbackfromcompaniesseemsquestionable

D.creativeideasmayemergefromcasualthoughts9.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrucks'class?A.Herstudentsrelievedanxietybyspeakingup.

B.Herstudentsprogressedinfocusingattention.

C.Herstudentstookadvantageofvirtuallearning.

D.Herstudentsdisplayedtalentforpublicspeaking.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.InteractingVirtuallyImpactsWorkingParticipation

B.MaintainingTeamworkImprovesIdeaGeneration

C.GroupingRandomlyIncreasesProductivity

D.BrainstormingOnlineLimitsCreativityDArguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyeartodatehasbeentheimagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thoseimagesbegacomparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,"Theuniverseisalsowithinis.We'remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself."Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogresswe'vemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecingtogetherlife'sinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo'stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology'sinfinitesimal(無限小的)landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionaryobservation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscovertheworkingsofmolecules(分子).Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmoreimportantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders(入侵者),andofgeneticperturbations(基因干擾)ondevelopmentandaging.Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfordeliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience'sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulatewonderineveryone.Afterall,it'sallstar-stuff.11.WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSagan'scommentinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethebackground. B.Toproveanassumption.

C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Topresentanidea.12.Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin________.A.studyapproaches B.systemmanagement

C.researchfacilities D.technologyintegration13.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologists'workis______.A.practical B.risky C.flexible D.popular14.Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition.

B.Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.

C.Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas.

D.Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Withclimatechangecontinuingtoworsen,oursituationisbeginningtofeelincreasinglyserious.

(1)

Isitright?Maybenot.Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbedefinedasabeliefthatfuturetechnologieswillsolveallofourcurrentproblems.Thisdefinitionreinforces(強(qiáng)化)theideathatthere'snoreasontopanicorchangeourcurrentenergy-intensivelifestyle.Allsocietyneedstodoislooktogreentechnologytoworkitsmagic.

(2)

Oneofthebestexamplesofthisoptimisticmisconceptionistheelectriccar.Despitebeinghighlyregardedasaneco-friendlywaytogetaround,electriccarsarenottheendforthefutureoftransport.Batteriesinelectriccarsusechemicalelementswhichwecouldbeseeingashortageofbythemidcentury.

(3)

Techno-optimismhasledmanytobelievethatifeveryonejustswitchedtodrivingelectricvehicles,wewouldbemakingincrediblestepstowardssustainability.However,therealityisthattheamountofresourcesandenergyneededtoproduceenoughelectricvehiclesforeveryoneisnotevenremotelysustainable.

(4)

Investinginpublictransportationandmovingawayfromindividuallyownedvehicles.Producingfewercars.

Improvingrecyclingpracticesofoldbatteries.Thesolutionsweseekshouldnotberootedinnewtechnology,butbeaboutchangingthewayoursocietyfunctions.Techno-optimismputstoomuchemphasisontechnologyandnotenoughonwhatwecandorightthisminute.Unfortunately,peopleseemtolikethepicturethattechno-optimismpaints.

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Itisimportanttounderstandthattheproblembeginswhenweseethosetechnologiesasawaytomakeourcurrentlifestyleseco-friendly.Untilwearereadytofacetheneedforalesscomplexlife,wecannotmaketrueprogresstowardssustainability.A.Sowhereshouldwelookforanswersinstead?B.Themodernworld'ssimplesolutionistechnology.C.Moreover,theyaremoreenergyintensivetoproduce.D.Isitatrapthatmanypeoplehavefallenintoinrecentyears?E.Unfortunately,thisisanincrediblydangerousopiniontohold.F.Despiteanytechnology,weasawholearenotlivingsustainably.G.Nevertheless,thetruthis,weneedawidespreadchangeinourlifestyles.15.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共10小題，共15.0分）Bernard,the82-year-oldretiredpoliceofficer,washeartbrokenwhenhe

(20)

hispreciousmedal.HishousewasbrokenintolastDecember.Thethieftookawaysomejewelry,somecashandhistreasuredmedalgivenforhis32yearsof

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withLiverpoolPoliceStation.Hebelievedthemedalwasgoneforever.Threemonthslater,David,ayoungvolunteerpulledthemedalfromariverina"one-in-a-million"catch.Theyoungmanwasinalitterclean-upprogrammeinLiverpool.Hehadbeenusingalargemagnet(磁鐵)to

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metalrubbishoutoftheriverfor30minuteswhenhefoundasmallbluemetalbox."Iwouldhaveneverfoundthemedalifwehadn't

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alltherubbishintheriverfirst,"saidDavid."Atfirst,wefoundoldbitsofshoppingcartsandothermetalitemsbutabouthalfanhourlater,Ipulledoutthe

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,andit'sgot'PoliceLongServiceMedal'writtenonit,Itreallywaslikefindinganeedleinahaystack(干草堆)."

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,themedalwascarvedwithBernard'snameandthemedalnumber,whichDavidusedto

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thesenior'sphonenumberonline.Theretiredpoliceofficerwas

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whenhereceivedacallsayingthemedalhadbeenfoundinariver,stillinitsmetalbox.Andwhenhewastolditwouldbe

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tohimbytheyoungmanwhofoundit,hisfacelitup.DavidthenplannedavisittomeetBernardandreturnedthemedaltohim."Thiswastrulythebest

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forcleaningupthatrubbish...It'samazing,"Davidsaid.20.

A.damaged B.lost C.sold D.dirtied21.

A.business B.communication C.cooperation D.service22.

A.net B.site C.cup D.fish23.

A.tackled B.deserted C.recycled D.buried24.

A.magnet B.rubbish C.box D.jewelry25.

A.Apparently B.Thankfully C.Gradually D.Consequently26.

A.track B.recall C.record D.dial27.

A.nervous B.astonished C.proud D.embarrassed28.

A.awarded B.submitted C.presented D.addressed29.

A.drive B.proof C.wish D.reward第II卷（非選擇題）四、單句語法填空（本大題共1小題，共1.0分）30.Theideaofwritingapoemmightfeelfrightening

(1)

(initial)—doyouneedtofollowacertainstructure,doesitneedtohavearhyme,ordoyouneedtohaverecitedadictionarytobea"proper"poet?Thetruthis:absolutelynot.Whilethereare"types"ofpoemthatofferstructuretoserve

(2)

aguide,therealityisthatpoetrydoesn'thavetofollowasetofrules—it'smuchmoreaboutconveyingafeeling,andthatopensupalotofcreative

(3)

(free)forustoexplore.(1)(2)(3)五、語法填空（本大題共2小題，共30.0分）31.Onaparticularsunnyday,littleMykelwasdeterminedtolearntoridehisbikewithoutthehelpoftrainingwheels.Whentheneighborhoodkids

(1)

(spot)Mykelshakilycontrollinghisbike,theyracedover

(2)

(help).Someheldthebikesteadywhileothersofferedencouragement.Mykelwasnotaloneashetriedtoreachhisgoaloflearningtoridehisbike!Somethingsare

(3)

(easy)saidthandone.However,withalittlehelpfromfriends,thingsgobetter!(1)(2)(3)32.Renewablemethodsfor

(1)

(produce)electricity,suchaswindturbinesandsolarpanels,canonlyprovidepoweronthedays

(2)

windblowsorthesunshines.Electricbatteries

(3)

(use)tostoreenergyareexpensiveandcanalsobepolluting.Finnishscientistscameupwithasimplesolutionthatputsunwantedgreenelectricitytowork,heating100tonsofsandtoaround500℃.Thesandstayshotformonths;whenenergy

(4)

(require),aircanbepumpedthroughitandheatedup.Theairinturnheatsasystemthatsupplieshotwatertoheatnearbyhouses.(1)(2)(3)(4)六、閱讀表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共2.0分）33.Weallliketothinkthatwearerational(理性的)thinkers,butpoordecisionsandchoicesareevidentallaroundus:stayinginbadrelationshipsorboringjobs,takingupsmoking,eatingtoomuchjunkfood;thelistgoeson.Sowhycan'twemakebetterdecisions?Onereasonappearstobewhatpsychologistscall"decisionfatigue":theideathatweallhavealimitedstoreofenergyformakingdecisionsandpractisingself-control.Forexample,ifyouaregrounddownbyeverydaystruggles,youhavelessmentalenergyforgooddecisions.However,studiespointtothefactthatdecidingthingsearlyinthedayislikelytoleadtobetteroutcomes.Mostofuswillhavehadtheexperienceofgoingtobedwithaseeminglyunsolvableproblem,onlytowakeupwithaflashofinspirationthenextmorning.Sodecisionsmadewhenwefeelleasttiredaremorelikelytobetherightones.Anotherworthwhilestrategyistopretendthatyouareadvisinganimaginaryfriend,ratherthanrelatingdecisionstoyourownlife.Thiscreatesadistancebetweenyouandtheissuesinquestion,andcanhelpyoutothinklogicallyratherthanemotionally.Peopleoftenadvisemakinglistsofadvantagesanddisadvantages,andthenprioritizingtheitemsineachlist.Thiscancertainlybehelpful,butweneedtobecarefulnottoover-thinkeverydecision.Wemayoverestimatethevalueofinformation,andsometimesitisbettersimplytogowithourgutinstinct(直覺).Perhapsthemostimportantthingwecandotominimizethepossibilityofregretistomakesurethatourdecisionsareinlinewithourlifevalues;inotherwords,tohavealifevisionandbetruetoit.Insteadofaskingourselvesquestionssuchas"Whichoptionissafer?"or"Whichoptionisbestfinancially?",itisfarbettertoask"HowwillIfeelaboutthiswhenI'm70?".(1)Whatdoes"decisionfatigue"mean?______________________________________________________________________________________________(2)Whydopeopletendtomakegooddecisionsearlyintheday?______________________________________________________________________________________________(3)Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplainwhy.?Sometimesitisagoodideatogowithourgutinstincttomakedecisions,becauseweighingadvantagesanddisadvantagestakesgreatefforts.______________________________________________________________________________________________(4)Inadditiontothestrategiesinthepassage,pleasesuggestanotherwaytomakegooddecisions.(Inabout40words)______________________________________________________________________________________________七、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）34.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國好友Jim所在的學(xué)校即將迎來百年校慶。他參與準(zhǔn)備活動，負(fù)責(zé)向來賓介紹學(xué)校的變化，問你有什么好的建議。請你用英文給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示祝賀;2.你的建議。注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：紀(jì)念日anniversaryDearJim,

Yours,LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】C、B、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹自然的未來獎(FFN)的目的，益處，資格和申請候選人等相關(guān)信息。

1.

根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheFutureForNatureaimsto:中的Rewardandfundindividualsfortheiroutstandingeffortsintheprotectionofspeciesofwildanimalsandplants.（獎勵和資助在保護(hù)野生動植物物種方面做出突出努力的個人。）和Stimulateawardwinnerstosustaintheirdedicatedwork.（激勵獲獎?wù)弑３炙麄兊木礃I(yè)精神。）可知，F(xiàn)FN的目標(biāo)之一是激勵保護(hù)工作，故選C。

2.

根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheFutureForNatureaimsto:

中的·FFNisbuildingagrowingfamilyofwinners...eachotherinordertocontinuetheirfightfornatureasefficientlyandeffectivelyaspossible.（FFN正在建立一個不斷壯大的贏家家庭，由具有相同興趣的人組成一個社區(qū)。FFN為他們提供了彼此見面的機(jī)會，并繼續(xù)相互學(xué)習(xí)，以便盡可能高效和有效地繼續(xù)為自然而戰(zhàn)。）可知，獲勝者將有機(jī)會認(rèn)識志同道合的人。故選B。

3.

根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Qualifications中的Thecandidate:·Mustbebornonorafterthe31stMay1988andbeforethe31stMay2005.（候選人：1988年5月31日或之后，2005年5月31日之前出生。）可知，要申請2023年自然未來獎，候選人必須符合年齡要求。故選A。

4~6.【答案】A、B、D【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述非常喜歡閱讀的Sherene加入圖書館舉行的“大聲朗讀計劃”，她的朗讀十分生動且引人入勝的故事。

1.

根據(jù)第六段中的Later,whenshegrewupandbecameateacher,shereadaloudtoherstudentsmanytimesthroughouttheday.Sinceherretirement,shereadaloudonlytoherselfandBoots,hercat.（后來，當(dāng)她長大成為一名教師時，她整天大聲朗讀給她的學(xué)生聽。退休后，她只對自己和她的貓博姿大聲朗讀。）可知，Sherene過去是一名老師。故選A。

2.

根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容（回到家后，她坐下來閱讀小冊子，上面寫著：“大聲朗讀計劃旨在提供機(jī)會，讓人們在舒適的環(huán)境中聽到大聲朗讀的故事?！边@是一個很好的目標(biāo)，她想。）及第六段中“Sherenefilledouttheform.Shelovedreadingaloud.(Sherene填好了表格。她喜歡大聲朗讀)”可知，“大聲朗讀計劃”旨在提供機(jī)會，讓人們在舒適的環(huán)境中聽到大聲朗讀的故事，而Sherene喜歡大聲朗讀，因此這個計劃符合她的興趣，所以她報名加入。故選B。

3.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Shewovethetalemasterfullycreatingvoicesforthecharacters,pausingforemphasis,andtakingthelistenersintoanotherworld.（她巧妙地編織了這個故事，為人物創(chuàng)造了聲音，為強(qiáng)調(diào)而停頓，并將聽眾帶入另一個世界。）及最后一段中的WhenSherenereadthelastwordsofthestory,therewasamomentarysilenceasitallsankintothelistenersandthenaburstofenthusiasticapplause.（當(dāng)Sherene讀到故事的最后幾個字時，聽眾陷入了短暫的沉默，然后爆發(fā)出熱烈的掌聲。）可知，Sherene的朗讀非常生動且引人入勝。故選D。

7~10.【答案】D、C、C、D【解析】【文章大意】本文為一篇說明文。一個新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：與面對面交流相比，虛擬會議不利于創(chuàng)新想法的產(chǎn)生，文章分析了原因，并給出了建議。

1.

根據(jù)第二段中的Amongthegroups,virtualpairscameupwithsignificantlyfewerideas,suggestingthatsomethingaboutface-to-faceinteractiongeneratesmorecreativeideas.Thefindingscould

stiffen

employers'resolvetourgeorrequiretheiremployeestocomebacktotheoffice.（在這些小組中，虛擬配對提出的想法要少得多，這表明面對面交流能產(chǎn)生更多創(chuàng)造性的想法。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會stiffen雇主敦促或要求員工回到辦公室的決心。）可知，面對面的交流有利于創(chuàng)造性想法的產(chǎn)生，虛擬會議不如面對面交流，所以對于雇主來講，要求員工回到辦公室才會有更多的創(chuàng)造性想法，stiffen意為“加強(qiáng)”，此處為“加強(qiáng)了雇主的決心”，劃線詞與Strengthen意思相近，故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容

(首席研究員梅勒妮·布魯克斯說：‘我們進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)的依據(jù)是，一些公司反饋說，讓遠(yuǎn)程員工更難創(chuàng)新。與電話或電子郵件等其他形式的虛擬交流不同，視頻會議很好地復(fù)制了面對面的體驗(yàn)，所以當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)面對面互動和視頻互動在產(chǎn)生想法方面的顯著差異時，我很驚訝?！┛芍?yàn)橛泄痉从常哼h(yuǎn)程員工難創(chuàng)新，所以首席研究員梅蘭妮·布魯克斯組織了實(shí)驗(yàn)，來驗(yàn)證公司所反映的情況，在發(fā)現(xiàn)面對面交流與視頻互動交流所帶來的創(chuàng)新想法的差異與公司反映的一樣時，他很是驚訝，說明他原來認(rèn)為公司的反饋值得懷疑，故選C。

3.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Likemosteducators,Bruckshasprimarilytaughtvirtuallyinthepastthreeyears,andshedidnoticesomebenefitsoftheapproachaswell.Herstudentsweremorelikelytotaketurnsspeakingandhershyerstudentsspokeupmoreoften,ridoftheanxietythatcomesfromaddressingalargeclassroom.（像大多數(shù)教育工作者一樣，布魯克斯在過去三年主要是虛擬教學(xué)，她也注意到這種方法的一些好處。她的學(xué)生更有可能輪流發(fā)言，她那些比較害羞的學(xué)生也更經(jīng)常發(fā)言，消除了在大教室講話時的焦慮。）可知，布魯克斯的虛擬課堂上，學(xué)生可能輪流發(fā)言，連害羞的學(xué)生也能經(jīng)常發(fā)言，故可推知，他的學(xué)生能充分利用虛擬學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

4.

通讀全文，尤其是第一段內(nèi)容（這些年來，許多人參加了許多虛擬會議。一些研究表明，這種調(diào)整可能不會在很大程度上影響工作場所的生產(chǎn)力。然而，一項(xiàng)新的研究表明情況并非如此。），以及第二段中的Amongthegroups...resolvetourgeorrequiretheiremployeestocomebacktotheoffice.（在這些小組中，虛擬配對提出的想法要少得多，這表明面對面交流能產(chǎn)生更多創(chuàng)造性的想法。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會堅定雇主敦促或要求員工回到辦公室的決心。）可知，虛擬會議對工作場所的生產(chǎn)力有不利影響，D項(xiàng)(網(wǎng)上頭腦風(fēng)暴限制創(chuàng)造力）作標(biāo)題比較貼切。故選D。

11~14.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述生命科學(xué)像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜，隨著生命科學(xué)工具的迅速改進(jìn)，科學(xué)家們就能夠更深入地研究生命的組成部分并且取得很大的成就，并且作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)優(yōu)先發(fā)展生命科學(xué)。

1.

根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容（幾十年前，天體物理學(xué)家卡爾·薩根說過一句名言：“宇宙也在身體之內(nèi)。”我們是由恒星組成的。我們是宇宙認(rèn)識自己的一種方式。他當(dāng)時的評論是，我們的內(nèi)部宇宙和外太空一樣復(fù)雜、一樣奇妙。）可知，他提出我們的身體像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜和奇妙，這是一個想法，故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第三段中的Likethetechnologicaldevelopments...deeplookintobiology'sinfinitesimal(無限小的)landscape.（就像從伽利略望遠(yuǎn)鏡到哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡再到JWST的技術(shù)發(fā)展一樣，生命科學(xué)工具也在迅速改進(jìn)。從早期的光學(xué)顯微鏡到現(xiàn)代的超分辨率顯微鏡，這些發(fā)展使研究人員能夠深入觀察生物學(xué)的微小景觀。）可知，就像對宇宙的研究一樣，生命科學(xué)的研究設(shè)施也在不斷發(fā)展，故選C。

3.

根據(jù)第四段中的Biologistsmustalsocharacterize...andofgeneticperturbations(基因干擾)ondevelopmentandaging.（生物學(xué)家還必須描述所有這些部分在不同環(huán)境和面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)時是如何相互作用和變化的。能夠?qū)Σ《净蚣?xì)菌進(jìn)行成像在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)層面上是很好的。但了解病毒如何進(jìn)入細(xì)胞并傳播、感染和致殘確實(shí)可以挽救生命。隨著時間的推移，生物學(xué)已經(jīng)上升到這個機(jī)械的挑戰(zhàn)。生命科學(xué)工具不僅可以生成細(xì)胞成分的圖像，更重要的是，它們可以幫助預(yù)測藥物對受體的影響，免疫細(xì)胞對外來入侵者的影響，以及基因擾動對發(fā)育和衰老的影響。）可推測，生物學(xué)家的工作是很實(shí)用的，故選A。

4.

根據(jù)最后一段中的Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience'sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.（我的目的是慶祝這些成就，同時認(rèn)識到科學(xué)對細(xì)節(jié)和洞察力的內(nèi)在探索同樣令人印象深刻，在我看來，更加緊迫。）可知，作者認(rèn)為生命科學(xué)要優(yōu)先發(fā)展，故選B。

15~19.【答案】B、E、C、A、G【解析】【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章指出“技術(shù)樂觀主義”試圖用技術(shù)解決當(dāng)前的氣候問題，作者用電動汽車的例子來證明這種想法似乎是沒用的。改變我們的社會運(yùn)作方式，以及人們的生活方式才是解決問題的關(guān)鍵所在。

1.

根據(jù)上文Withclimatechangecontinuingtoworsen,oursituationisbeginningtofeelincreasinglyserious.（隨著氣候變化的持續(xù)惡化，我們的情況開始變得越來越嚴(yán)重。）可知，氣候問題持續(xù)惡化，人類的情況開始變得越來越嚴(yán)重。由此推知，人類可能會采取解決氣候問題的辦法。結(jié)合下文Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbe