藥理學(xué)知到章節(jié)答案智慧樹2023年南開大學(xué)

藥理學(xué)知到章節(jié)測試答案智慧樹2023年最新南開大學(xué)第一章測試WhichofthefollowingdrugsisaninducerofCYP1A2(

)

參考答案:

Tobacco

Theprocessofrenalexcretionofdrugsdoesnotincludewhichofthefollowingoptions(

)

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HepatoentericcirculationWhichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse(

)

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ThetimerequiredtoreachhalfofCmaxbyoraladministrationisdifferentfromthetimerequiredforhalfofCmaxintravenouslyThemainfactorsaffectingdrugabsorptionare(

)

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Administrationroute;pHvalue;Thefirstpasseffect

;BloodflowThebioavailabilityofthedrugrefersto（

）

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Thefractionorpercentageofadrugthatreachessystemiccirculation第二章測試Whichofthefollowingoptionsiswrongabouttheantagonist(

)

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Acompetitiveantagonistbindstothedifferentsiteastheendogenoussignalingmolecule,blockingitsbindingsiteatthereceptorWhichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong（

）

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TheratioofED50toLD50istermedthetherapeuticindexanddiffersforeachdrugThetherapeuticindexrefersto（

）

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LD50/ED50

Ifadrugbindstoareceptorandproducessomebiologicresponsesthatmimicstheresponsetotheendogenousligand,thedrugbelongsto(

)

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Agonist

Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthereceptoriscorrect?

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Receptorreferstoaproteinthatbindstoaligandandproducesameasurableresponse第三章測試Whichofthefollowingoptionsbelongstoselectiveβ1blockers(

)

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LabetalolWhichofthefollowingoptionsarelong-actingreceptoragonists?

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Salmeterol;Formoterol

Whichofthefollowingisananticholinesterasedrug（

）

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NeostigmineCholinergicreceptorsinclude（

）

參考答案:

Nicotinicreceptors;Muscarinicreceptors

NicotinicreceptorsareGproteincoupledreceptors,andtheiractivationwillincreasepermeabilityofsodiumorcalciuminpostganglionicneuronsorskeletalmuscles,hencetheyarealwaysexcitatory.Istheabovestatementcorrect.

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錯第四章測試Whichofthefollowingantiarrhythmicdrugsiscardiotoxic(

)

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DigoxinWhichofthefollowingdrugscanbeusedforQTmonitoringofhospitalizedpatients（

)

參考答案:

Sotalol;Dofetilide

AsthmaandCOPDarenotcontraindicationsforwhichofthefollowingdrugs(

)

參考答案:

Metoprolol

Thesideeffectsofquinidinedonotincludewhichofthefollowingoptions(

)

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ConstipationAccordingtotheirmainmechanismofaction,antiarrhythmicdrugsincludewhichofthefollowingcategories(

)

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Blockerscalciumchannelblockers;Potassiumchannel;Sodiumchannelblockers;β-blockers第五章測試A40-year-oldmalehasrecentlybeendiagnosedwithhypertensionduetopressurereadingsof163/102and165/100mmHg.Healsohasdiabetesthatiswellcontrolledwithoralhypoglycemicmedications.Whichisthebestinitialtreatmentregimenfortreatmentofhypertensioninthispatient?

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LisinoprilandhydrochlorothiazideA48-year-oldhypertensivepatienthasbeensuccessfullytreatedwithathiazidediureticforthelast5years.Overthelast3months,hisdiastolicpressurehassteadilyincreased,andhewasstartedonanadditionalantihypertensiveagent.Hecomplainsofseveralinstancesofbeingunabletoachieveanerectionandnotbeingabletocompletethreesetsoftennisasheoncedid.Whichisthelikelysecondantihypertensivemedication?

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MetoprololWhichcanprecipitateahypertensivecrisisfollowingabruptcessationoftherapy?

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ClonidineWhichmaycausereflextachycardiaand/orposturalhypotensiononinitialadministration?

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PrazosinA45-year-oldmanwasjuststartedontherapyforhypertensionanddevelopedapersistent,drycough.Whichismostlikelyresponsibleforthissideeffect?

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Enalapril第六章測試BCisa70-year-oldfemalewhoisdiagnosedwithHFrEF.Herpastmedicalhistoryissignificantforhypertensionandatrialfibrillation.Sheistakinghydrochlorothiazide,lisinopril,metoprololtartrate,andwarfarin.BCsayssheisfeeling“good”andhasnocough,shortnessofbreath,oredema.Whichisthemostappropriatemedicationchangetomake

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ChangemetoprololtartratetometoprololsuccinateHowdoβ-blockersimprovecardiacfunctioninHF?

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BydecreasingcardiacremodelingWhatmakeslosartandifferentfromotherARBs?

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LosartanhasanactivemetabolitWhichbestdescribestheactionofACEinhibitorsonthefailingheart?

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ACEinhibitorsreducepreloadWhichdrugmayexacerbateHF?

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Ibuprofen第七章測試Whichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine?

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EdemaA62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina

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AddamlodipineA72-year-oldmalepresentstotheprimarycarecliniccomplainingofchesttightnessandpressurethatisincreasinginseverityandfrequency.Hiscurrentmedicationsincludeatenolol,lisinopril,andnitroglycerin.Whichinterventionismostappropriateatthistime?

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ReferthepatienttothenearestemergencyroomforevaluatioAllofthefollowingmedicationscanbeusefulformanagingstableanginainapatientwithcoronaryarterydiseaseexcept:

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Immediate-releasenifedipineWhatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm?

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Prinzmetalangina第八章測試Whichsideeffectisassociatedwithamlodipine

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EdemA62-year-oldpatientwithahistoryofasthmaandvasospasticanginastatesthathegetschestpainbothwithexertionandatrest,abouttentimesperweek.Onesublingualnitroglycerintabletalwaysrelieveshissymptoms,butthismedicationgiveshimanawfulheadacheeverytimehetakesit.Whichisthebestoptionforimprovinghisangina?

參考答案:

AddamlodipineA72-year-oldmalepresentstotheprimarycarecliniccomplainingofchesttightnessandpressurethatisincreasinginseverityandfrequency.Hiscurrentmedicationsincludeatenolol,lisinopril,andnitroglycerin.Whichinterventionismostappropriateatthistime?

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ReferthepatienttothenearestemergencyroomforevaluationAllofthefollowingmedicationscanbeusefulformanagingstableanginainapatientwithcoronaryarterydiseaseexcept:

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Immediate-releasenifedipineWhatistheclinicaltermforanginacausedbycoronaryvasospasm？

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Prinzmetalangina第九章測試Whichofthefollowingoptionsdoesnotbelongtotheclinicalapplicationofglucocorticoids

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ForthetherapytofuberculosisWhichofthefollowingoptionsarecontraindicationstoglucocorticoids(

)

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Glaucoma;Osteoporosis;Diabetes;PepticulcerGlucocorticoidscanbeadministeredorally,systemicallyorintra-articularly.Istheabovestatementcorrect

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對Whichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofglucocorticoids(

)

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HypoglycemiaLong-termuseofglucocorticoidscancause(

)

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Lowbloodpotassium第十章測試Metforminiscontraindicatedinwhichofthefollowingpatients(

)

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RenalinsufficiencyWhichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugscanNOTstimulatethepancreaticbetacellstosecreteinsulin(

)

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PioglitazoneWhichofthefollowinghypoglycemicdrugsisanα-glucosidaseinhibitor(

)

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Miglitol;AcarboseWhichofthefollowingoptionsisthemostseriousadversereactionofmetformin（

）

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LacticacidosisWhichofthefollowingdrugscancauseweightlossinpatients(

)

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Liraglutide;Exenatide第十一章測試Thefollowingdrugsthatcancauseleukopeniaare(

)

參考答案:

Carbimazole;Propylthiouraci;MethimazolePropylthiouracil,carbimazoleandmethimazolecausesfetaltoxicities,likefetalgoiter,choanalatresia,scalpdefectsandaplasiacutis.Istheabovestatementcorrec

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錯Themechanismofactionofpropylthiouracilis(

)

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Inhibitthebiosynthesisofthyroxin

Whichofthefollowingantithyroiddrugsisnotsuitableforchildren(

)

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Propylthiouracil

Whichofthefollowingoptionsisnotanadversereactionofpropylthiouracil(

)

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Fetaltoxicity第十二章測試Followingisthemaininhibitorytransmitterinthebrain(

)

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GABAWhichoneofthefollowingchemicalsdoessatisfythecriteriaforaneurotransmitterroleintheCNS?

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Glycine;Acetylcholine;Dopamine;SubstancePFollowingisaG-proteincoupledreceptor(

)

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MetabotropicNeurotransmittersmay(

)

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Increasechlorideconductancetocauseinhibition

Substancesecretedintothebloodbyaneuronis(

)

參考答案:

Neurohormone

第十三章測試WhichagentisbestusedintheEmergencyRoomsettingforpatientswhoarebelievedtohavereceivedtoomuchofabenzodiazepinedrugortakenanoverdoseofbenzodiazepines?

參考答案:

FlumazenilFollowingisGABAAagonist(

)

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MuscimolThemostlikelyexplanationfortheincreasedsensitivityofelderlypatientstoasingledoseoftriazolamandothersedative-hypnoticdrugsis(

)

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ChangesinbrainfunctionthataccompanytheagingprocessWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsiswrongregardingtheanxiolyticandhypnoticagents?

參考答案:

Buspironehasactionssimilartothoseofthebenzodiazepines.;Phenobarbitalisusefulinthetreatmentofacuteintermittentporphyria.;DiazepamandphenobarbitalinducethecytochromeP450enzymesystem.;Phenobarbitalshowsanalgesicproperties.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectregardingbenzodiazepines?

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Allbenzodiazepineshavesomesedativeeffects.第十四章測試Followinggeneralanestheticisnotmetabolized(

)

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NitrousoxideFourstagesofgeneralanesthesiaaredistinctlyseenwiththeuseof(

)

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DiethyletherApatientwithheartfailureandsignificantlyreducedcardiacoutputrequiressurgicalanesthesia.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouexpecttoseeinthispatient?

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SlowerinductiontimewithIVanestheticsWhichoneofthefollowingisapotentintravenousanestheticbutaweakanalgesic?

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PropofolWhichofthefollowingisapotentanalgesicbutaweakanesthetic?

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Nitrousoxid第十五章測試Aprominenttoxiceffectoflocalanaestheticsis(

)

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CNSstimulationA32-year-oldwomanrequestsanepiduraltoeaselaborpains.ShereportsthatshehadanallergicreactiontoNovocain(procaine)atthedentist’soffice.Whichofthefollowinglocalanestheticswouldbeappropriateforuseinanepiduralforthispatient?

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Ropivacaine.Toxicitiesoflocalanaestheticsinclude(

)

參考答案:

Methemoglobinemia;

Dizziness,sedation(lidocaine);Cardiovasculararrhythmiasandcollapse(bupivacaine)

;Convulsions(lidocaine)

Whichofthefollowingiswrongregardinglocalanesthetics?

參考答案:

Theyaffectonlysmall,unmyelinatednervefibers.;Intheirionizedform,theyinteractwiththeproteinreceptorofcalciumchannels.;TheyareunaffectedbypHofthetissueandpKaofthedrug.;Theyhaveeitheralipophilicorahydrophilicgroup.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetoxicityoflocalanaestheticsismostcorrect?

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Inoverdosage,hyperventilation(withoxygen)ishelpfultocorrectacidosisandlowerextracellularpotassium第十六章測試

Whichofthefollowingdrugsismostusefulforthe

treatmentofabsenceseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Lamotrigine.Whichofthefollowingisafirst-linemedicationfor

generalizedtonic–clonicseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Topiramate.A9-year-oldboyissentforneurologicevaluation

becauseofepisodesofapparentinattention.Overthe

pastyear,thechildhasexperiencedepisodesduring

whichhedevelopsablanklookonhisfaceandhis

eyesblinkfor15seconds.Heimmediatelyresumeshis

previousactivity.Whichonethefollowingbestdescribes

thispatient’sseizures?（

）

參考答案:

Absence.A25-year-oldwomanwithmyoclonicseizuresiswell

controlledonvalproate.Sheindicatesthatsheis

interestedinbecomingpregnantinthenextyear.With

respecttoherantiepilepsymedication,whichofthe

followingshouldbeconsidered?（

）

參考答案:

Considerswitchingtolamotrigine.Apatientwithfocalcomplexpartialseizureshasbeentreatedfor6monthswithcarbamazepinebut,recently,

hasbeenexperiencingbreakthroughseizuresonamorefrequentbasis.Youareconsideringaddinga

seconddrugtotheantiseizureregimen.Whichofthe

followingdrugsisleastlikelytohaveapharmacokinetic

interactionwithcarbamazepine?（

）

參考答案:

Levetiracetam.第十七章測試Insmallintestine,morphineparticularlyaffects(

)

參考答案:

Duodenum

Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingmethadoneiswrong?

參考答案:

Methadoneisanexcellentchoiceforanalgesiainmostpatientssincetherearelimiteddrug–druginteractions.;Theactivemetabolitesofmethadoneaccumulateinpatientswithrenaldysfunction.;Theequianalgesicpotencyofmethadoneissimilartothatofmorphine.WhichofthefollowingopioidsistheLEASTlipophilic?

參考答案:

Morphine.Morphinestimulates(

)

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NonpropulsiverhythmiccontractionsofsmallintestineofmanWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfentanyliscorrect?

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Fentanylis100timesmorepotentthanmorphine.第十八章測試Analgesiceffectsofaspirin:

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bothNSAIDprimarilypromotedasananalgesic,notasananti-inflammatoryagent:

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KetorolacNSAIDprimarilypromotedasananalgesic,notasananti-inflammatoryagent:

參考答案:

ketorolaMediatormostlikelytopromotepain(

)

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bradykininMechanismofaction:aspirin-plateleteffects:

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neither第十九章測試Antihistamines,phenothiazines,tricyclicantidepressantsandantiparkinsonianagentshaveacommonpropertythat(

)

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AllhaveadrenergicactionPeripheraladverseeffectsoflevodopa,includingnausea,hypotension,andcardiacarrhythmias,canbediminishedbyincludingwhichofthefollowingdrugsinthetherapy?

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Carbidopa.WhichmedicationisaglutamatereceptorantagonistthatcanbeusedincombinationwithanacetylcholinesteraseinhibitortomanagethesymptomsofAlzheimer’sdisease?

參考答案:

Memantine.Tolerancetotheantiparkinsonianactiondevelopsmostrapidlyinthecaseof(

)

參考答案:

Amantadine

Theantiparkinsoniandrugwhichactsbyinhibitingthedegradationofdopamineinthebrainis(

)

參考答案:

Selegiline第二十章測試Whichantipsychotichasthemostsedativepotentialandissometimesquestionablyusedasahypnoticagentincertainclinicalsettings?

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Quetiapine.WhichoneofthefollowingantipsychoticshasbeenshowntobeapartialagonistatthedopamineD2receptor?

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Aripiprazole.Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT2Areceptorantagonismandα2receptorantagonism?

參考答案:

MirtazapineWhichantidepressantisthemostsedating?

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Nortriptyline.Whichantidepressanthas,asitstwoproposedprinciplemechanismsofaction,5-HT1areceptorpartialagonismand5-HTreuptakeinhibition?

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Vilazodone.第二十一章測試Recreationaluseofdrugssometimesleadstodependence.Whichofthefollowingisleastlikelytocausephysicaldependence?

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AlcoholisteratogenicMentalretardation,microcephaly,andunderdevelopmentofthemidfaceregioninaninfantisassociatedwithchronicmaternalabuseof（

）

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EthanolA35-year-oldmanhasbeenabusingcocaineandisagitated,tachycardic,hypertensive,andhyperthermic.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectregardingtreatmentinthissituation?

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Benzodiazepineswouldbeagoodchoice,astheyshouldhelpcalmthepatientdown,decreaseheartrate,decreasebloodpressure,anddecreasebodytemperature.A58-year-oldmaleisbroughtintotheemergencydepartmentfollowinganautomobileaccident.Hisbloodalcohollevelonadmissionis280mg/dL.Hehasbeentreatedinthepastforseizuresrelatedtoalcoholabuse,andheconfirmsthathehasbeendrinkingheavilyoverthepastmonthsinc