2023屆北京市西城區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題及參考答案

屆北京市西城區(qū)高三二模英語2023.5本試卷共14頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OneofthebestfeelingsisknowingthatIhavemadea(n)__1__impactonanotherperson'slife.Duringmyfreshmanyear,IgotmyfirstrealjobatDunkin'Donuts.Iquicklybecameawarethatcustomers'__2__wasimportant,soItriedtoprovidethebestservicethatIcould.Istillrememberonecustomervividly,anelderlygentlemannamedFrank.HecameineverySundayafternoonandorderedamediumcoffeewithtwoold-fashioneddonuts.ImmediatelyafterIsawhimpullintotheparkinglot,I__3__hisorder,havingitreadybythetimehewalkedin.IfIhadnootherworktodo,Isatandtalkedwithhim.Welearnedalotabouteachother.Icouldnothelpfeelingsorryforhimbecausehiswifehadrecentlypassedaway.Afterayearofworkingeveryweekend,Ieventuallydecidedtoleaveandturnedinmytwo-weeknotice.Themostdifficultpartof__4__wasnottellingmyboss,butinformingFrank.IfeltlikeIwas__5__him.WhenIfinallybroughtitup,he__6__replied,“Oh,that'stoobad.I'msurethatthestaffwillmissyou.”Ibegantothinkthatourvisitsheldnorealimportancetohim,andthathewouldbejustas__7__enjoyinghisfoodalone.__8__,onmylastday,Frankcameinwithacardthatsimplyread,“Yourkindnessduringthetimewehavespenttogetherisheartwarming.Youhadno__9__tospeakawordtome,letaloneshowarealinterestinourconversations.Fewthingshavebroughtmemorepleasurethanourweeklyvisits.Thankyou.”Aamountof__10__Ireceivedforsuchminoreffortsismind-blowing.Givingupmyweekendsforayearwasasmallpricetopaytograsptheremarkableeffectsofkindness.1.A.obvious B.simple C.immediate D.positive2.A.condition B.appearance C.satisfaction D.behavior3.A.took B.prepared C.followed D.accepted4.A.quitting B.agreeing C.remembering D.serving5.A.embarrassing B.ignoring C.cheating D.abandoning6.A.firmly B.calmly C.angrily D.sadly7.A.confident B.excited C.content D.interested8.A.Meanwhile B.Therefore C.Moreover D.However9.A.duty B.right C.excuse D.intention10.A.admiration B.expectation C.appreciation D.instruction第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AManycommonthingsaroundthehouseareveryuseful.Forexample,warmwatercanbeusedforcleaning.Whensaltisput__11__warmwater,itcanhelpeaseasorethroat.Warmwatercanalsobeusedtomakeanorangetastebetter.Thesecretisthewarmthofthewater.Thefruitbecomessweeter,__12__thewarmwaterlowersitslevelofsourness.Anotherexampleis__13__youcantryabananapeelwhenyourshoeslookdirty.Thetannininthepeelworkslikemagic,makingyourshoesshinyandbright!BNotallinventionshavebeentheresultofa__14__(care)plan.Inthe1940s,anAmericanscientist,PercySpencer,wastryingtomakeamachine,withthehopethatit__15__(use)radiowavestodetectwarplanes.Oneday,aftertheexperiment,Spencerfoundthatachocolatebarinhispockethadmelted.Spencerthenplacedsomecorninfrontofthemachine.Soon,thecornwaspoppingeverywhere.Thus,themicrowaveoven（微波爐）__16__（invent）bychance．CAgroupoflargewhitebirdswithblackfacesappearinthesky.Thereareonlyaboutsixhundredofthem__17__(leave)intheworld.Thesebeautifulblack-facedspoonbillsaresomeoftheworld'srarestbirds.Thebirds__18__(fly)allthewayfromtheirsummerhometothiswetland,__19__theywillspendthewinter.Now,theycircleandland.Manypeoplearecrowdingbythelakeandthenbegintoshootthem.Isthistheendforthespoonbills?No.Thepeoplearebird-watchers,__20__(shoot)photographs.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATEANiscommittedtogivingstudentsaonce-in-a-lifetimeopportunitytoexperiencestudyingabroadinanewandexcitingculture.Werecognizethatinmanyinstancesadditionalfundingisnecessarytomakethestudyabroadexperiencebothaffordableandrealistic.Thesescholarshipswerecreatedasanattempttohelpstudentswiththefinancialcommitmentsrequiredforaninternationaleducationexperience.TEANprovidesnumerousscholarships,includinganannualfullridescholarship,need-andmerit-basedscholarships,diversityscholarships,evenaphotographyscholarship,plusothers.TEANFULLRIDESCHOLARSHIPTheEducationAbroadNetworkFullRideScholarshipisdesignedtogiveastand-outstudenttheopportunitytostudyabroad.ThescholarshipcanbeusedforanySummerorFallTEANprogramandcoverstuition,programfees,orientationandhousing.REQUIREMENTSStudentsmusthavetheirstudyabroadofficecompletetheStatementfromUniversityforminordertobeconsideredforthescholarship.MustmeetGPA(GradePointAverage)requirementfortheindividualprogramthattheywanttoattend.MustbeauniversitystudentintheUnitedStates.Studentscanonlyapplyforthescholarshiponceperapplicationcycle;applicantsshouldselecttheirtopprogramchoicewhenapplyingforthescholarship.Scholarshipapplicationsreceivedafterthedeadlinewillnotbeconsidered.SELECTIONCRITERIAWillbebasedontheoverallapplicationmaterials,includingapersonalessayaddressingthefollowingquestion:“Whyhaveyouselectedthisprogram?Howisittiedtoyourmajor?”ApplicationswillbejudgedbyapanelofTEANstaffmembers.Assessmentwillbebasedonthefollowing:excellenceinacademics,activeparticipationinextra-curricularactivities,achievementinleadershipskills,awarenessofthevalueofinternationaleducationandthepersonalessay.Nointerviewrequired.APPLICATIONDEADLINEJune1,20232121.TEANcanhelpstudents_________.A.travelabroadB.savemoneyforthefutureC.experienceoverseaseducationD.understandpopularforeignculture22.TogettheTEANFullRideScholarship,astudentmust_________.A.beanAmericancitizenB.submitanapplicationbyJune1,2023C.fillouttheStatementfromUniversityformD.turninanapplicationtwiceduringanapplicationcycle23.Anapplicantgoingforthefullridescholarshipismorelikelytobeaccepted,if_________.A.heperformswellacademicallyB.hedoesexcellentlyintheinterviewC.hechoosesaprogramunrelatedtohismajorD.heobtainsanoutstandingrecommendationessayBIwrestledhertothegroundforthekeys,literally.Indeed,whensheopenedthedoortoleavethehouseat11pmforthemoviesdespitemywords,Iactuallywrestledmy16-year-olddaughtertotheground.Ididnotknowhowtodealwitharebellious（叛逆的）teenager.Weareafamilyofstrongwills,fromthetopdown.Allmykidshadpushedandargued.Everyone“kindof”followedtherules.Astheygotolder,especiallywhentheyhithighschool,Isawthepowershifting,butithadn'tbeensoobvious.Ihadnotseenmuchin-your-facerebellion.Untilthishappened.IcalledAmySpeidel,awiseandpracticalparentingexpert.Shestayedonthephonewithmeandlistenedtomywildcomplaintaboutmydisrespectfulkid.Shelistenedforalmosttwohoursandthengavemesomesuggestions.Amytoldmethatmydaughter'sbehaviorwas"developmentallyappropriate"-shewassupposedtotesttheboundaries.Amyalsosaidthatitwasgreatthatmydaughterwouldbeabletostandupforherselfinarelationshipthatwasn'tworking.Thosecommentsreallymademefeelawful.Ihadn'tconsideredanythingpositiveaboutherbehavior-butoutsideofourmother-daughterrelationship,Iwouldneverwanttodevaluemydaughter'sstrongwill.AftertalkingwithAmy,IrealizedthatIwastheonewhoneededhelpunderstandingdisciplinevscontrol.Honestly,Ididhatethattheresponsibilitywasonme.Iwantedpermissiontoscreamandpunish.ButIlistenedtoAmyandhere'swhatIlearned.1.Mydaughter'sbehaviorwasnormal.ThateasedmyfearsthatIhadraisedaterriblehumanandfailedasamother.2.Mydaughter'sstrongpersonalitywasastrength.Thatrevelationwasahugegift.Ivalueherqualitiesbutdon'twantthemusedagainstme.Iwillsoftenmyresponseandlistentoher.3.Iwentcrazy.Infact,Icrossedaline.Andthathappens.ButIlearnedtoapologizeandresetsothatwecouldmoveforward.Myjob,therefore,istolearnnewresponsesthatoffermydaughteroptionsandrealisticconsequences,notemptythreats.Andhopefully,thiswillchangemyrelationshipwithmydaughter.24.Whatistheactualreasontheauthorhadafightwithherdaughter?A.Thedaughterwouldn'tgiveherthekeys.B.Thedaughterdidn'tcomebackuntil11pm.C.Thedaughterinsistedongoingoutlateatnight.D.Thedaughterwantedtogotothemovieswithfriends.25.Thecommentsmadetheauthorfeel“awful”because_________.A.shehadhelpedherdaughtertotestboundariesB.shedidn'ttreasurethemother-daughterrelationshipC.shethoughtAmywascriticizingherdaughter'supbringingD.shehadn'tnoticedthedesirableaspectsofherdaughter'sbehavior26.Afterthephonecall,theauthorlearnedthat_________.A.herdaughter'sstrongcharactershouldbesoftenedB.sheshouldconstructivelydealwithconflictC.herdaughtershouldcontrolherbehaviorD.sheshouldadmitherfailureasamother27.AccordingtoAmy,whatshouldtheauthorsayifthesamesituationhappensagain?A.“Doyoureallythinkyoucanjustwalkoutthedoorlikethat?”B.“It'snotsafetobeoutsolate.Whatabouttomorrowafternoon?”C.“Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryougooutornot.Iwillsupportyou.”D.“Youhavebeendisrespectfulandcan'tgoouttonight.Isthatclear?”CLaughingtogetherisanimportantwayforpeopletoconnectandbond.Andthoughthecausesoflaughtercanvarywidelyacrossindividualsandgroups,thesoundofalaughisusuallyrecognizablebetweenpeoplebelongingtodifferentcultures.Butwhataboutanimals?Dothey“l(fā)augh”?Andarethecausesofanimalandhumanlaughteralike?Inhumans,peoplemaylaughwhentheyhearajoke,orwhentheyseesomethingthattheythinkisfunny,thoughit'sunknownifanimals'intelligenceincludeswhathumanswouldcallasenseofhumor.However,manyanimalsproducesoundsduringplaythatareuniquetothatpleasantsocialinteraction.Researchersconsidersuchvocalizationstobesimilartohumanlaughter.Recently,scientistsinvestigatedplayvocalizationtoseehowcommonitwasamonganimals.Theteamidentified65speciesthat“l(fā)aughed”whileplaying-mostweremammals（哺乳動(dòng)物），butafewbirdspeciesdemonstratedplayfullaughtertoo.Reportsofplayfullaughterwerenotablyabsentinstudiesdescribingfish,perhapsbecausethereissomequestionastowhetherornotplayexistsatallinthatanimalgroup.Thisnewstudycouldhelpscientiststoanalyzetheoriginsofhumanlaughter.Buthowcanweidentifyplay?Unlikefighting,playisusuallyrepetitiveandhappensindependentlyofothersocialbehaviors,saidleadstudyauthorSashaWinkler,adoctorofbiologicalanthropologyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Whenitcomestoidentifyingit,“youknowitwhenyouseeit,”WinklertoldLiveScience.Onesignisthatprimates-ourclosestrelatives-havea“playface”thatissimilartotheexpressionsofhumanswhoareplaying.WhenWinklerpreviouslyworkedwithrhesusmacaques,shehadnoticedthatthemonkeyspanted（喘氣）quietlywhileplaying.Manyotherprimatesarealsoknowntovocalizeduringplay,shesaid,soahypothesis(laughterinhumansisthoughttohaveoriginatedduringplay)supportedbytheplay-relatedpantinglaughterofmanyprimatespecieswasputforward.Peoplenowstilllaughduringplay,butwealsointegratelaughterintolanguageandnon-playbehaviors,usinglaughterindiversewaystoexpressarangeofemotionsthatmaybepositiveornegative.Humanlaughternotablydiffersfromotheranimals'laughterinanotherimportantway:itsvolume.Peoplebroadcasttheirlaughterloudly,oftenasawayofestablishinginclusion.Bycomparison,whenmostanimalslaugh,thesoundisveryquiet-justloudenoughtobeheardbythelaugher'spartner.“It'sreallyfascinatingthatsomanyanimalshaveasimilarfunctionofvocalizationduringplay,”WinklertoldLiveScience.“Butwedohavetheseuniquepartsofhumanlaughterthatarealsoanimportantareaforfuturestudy.”28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplaincausesofanimalandhumanlaughter.B.Toassesscomplexitiesregardinganimallaughter.C.Topresentfindingsontheexistenceofanimallaughter.D.Toanalyzedifferencesbetweenanimalandhumanlaughter.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Animallaughterisevennoticeableinfish.B.Animallaughterishardtorecognizeduringplay.C.Peoplehavelearnedtocombineplaywithlaughter.D.Peoplelaughloudlybecausetheywanttoinvolveothers.30.Whatisprobablythefocusoffuturestudyonlaughter?A.Distinctivefeaturesofhumanlaughter.B.Differentfunctionsofanimallaughter.C.Theoriginanddevelopmentofhumanlaughter.D.Therelationshipbetweenanimallaughterandintelligence.DFacedwithanattemptbyanewchatbottoimitate（模仿）hisownsongs，themusicianNickCavedeliveredastrongresponse:itwas“anabsolutelyhorribleattempt”.HeunderstoodthatAIwasinitsbabyhood,butcouldonlyconcludethatthetruehorrormightbethat“itwillforeverbeinitsbabyhood”.Whilearobotmightonedaybeabletocreateasong,hewrote,itwouldnevergrowbeyond“akindofburlesque（滑稽的模仿）”，becauserobots-beingcomposedofdata-areunabletosuffer,whilesongsariseoutofsuffering.FansofCaveandhisbandwillagreethathismusicisinimitable,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywouldnecessarilybeabletotellthedifference.AfewdaysbeforeCave'sremarks,expertswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenfourgenuineartworksandtheirAIimitations.Theirconclusionswerewrongfivetimesoutof12,andtheywereonlyunitedlyrightinoneofthefourpicturecomparisons.Thesearepartygames,buttheypointtoanunfoldingchallengethatmustbemanagedasamatterofurgencybecause,likeitornot,AIartisuponus.Thearrivalofthehuman-impersonatingChatGPTmighthaveincreasedgeneralawareness,butartistsacrossawiderangeofdisciplinesarealreadyexploringitspotential,withthedancerWayneMcGregorandLondon'sYoungVicTheatreamongthosewhohavecreatedAI-basedworks.Astrongly-wordedreportfromCommunicationsandDigitalCommittee(CDC)issuedawake-upcalltothegovernment,urgingittoraiseitsgameineducatingfuturegenerationsoftech-savvyprofessionals,andtacklingkeyregulatorychallenges.Theseincludedreviewingreformstointellectualpropertylaw,strengtheningtherightsofperformersandartists,andtakingactiontosupportthecreativesectorinadaptingtothedisturbancescausedbyswiftandstormytechnologicalchange.WhiledevelopingAIisimportant,itshouldnotbepursuedatallcosts,theCDCstressed.ItdeploredthefailureoftheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,andMediatoofferadefenceagainstproposedchangestointellectualpropertylawthatwouldgivecopyrightexemption（版權(quán)豁免）toanywork，anywhereintheworld，involvingAItextanddatamining.ThechallengesofAIarebothphilosophical,asCavesuggested,andpractical.Theywillunfoldovertheshortandlongterm.State-of-the-artcreativeindustrieshaveakeyroletoplayinshapingandexploringthephilosophicalones,buttheymusthavethepracticalhelptheyrequiretosurviveandbesuccessful.Theyneeditnow.31.WhydoestheauthormentionthefourpicturecomparisonsinParagraph2?A.TostressthesimilaritiesbetweenAIartandhumanart.B.ToarguethathumanartwillbereplacedbyAIart.C.ToproveAIisstretchingtheboundariesofart.D.ToimplyAIartcannotbeunderestimated.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplored”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Clearlyanalyzed. B.Bravelysuffered.C.Stronglycriticized. D.Accuratelyperceived.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.SomeartistsseeAIasatooleventhoughitisathreat.B.CreativeindustriesareresponsibleforcausingtheAIproblem.C.TechprofessionalsneedmoretrainingtobetterunderstandAIart.D.ThequalityofAIartdismissesconcernsaboutintellectualproperty.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheCreativeThief:AIMakesPerfectArtB.AIinArt:ABattleThatMustBeFoughtC.ThreatorOpportunity:TheImpactofAIonArtD.TheRiseofAIArt:WhatItMeanstoHumanArtists第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asadoctor,Icangiveyoualotofusefuladviceabouthowtogethealthyandstaythatway,butyoudon'tneedmetotellyouthatexerciseisgoodforyou.Stayingactivecanbenefittheheart,thewaistline,eventhemind.__35__Morethan60%ofAmericanadultsdon'texerciseregularly,andmanysaytheydon'texerciseatall.Morethan72millionareoverweight,andalmostallofthemwouldliketolosetheextrapounds.So,ifexerciseissuchagoodidea,whydon'tmorepeopledoit?__36__EvenasIwritethis,Iamwatchingmytwo-year-oldrunaroundincircles.Kidsseemtobeborninconstantmotion,butalongthewaythatbehaviorchanges.Theslowdownoccursformostatthebeginningofcollege.Academicpressureandlackoforganizedsportsarecertainlypartoftheproblem.Abiggerpartmaybelookingatlifechangesasanoccasiontoblowupoldrulesandnotcreatenewonesintheirplace.__37__Thedemandsofanewjobusuallymeanlesstimeatthegym.Howaboutanewmarriage?Howmanytimeshaveweseenjust-marriedcoupleslookingalotheavierinfirst-anniversaryphotosthantheydidintheweddingpictures?__38__Peoplewhosetgeneralgoals,like“Iwillexerciseinmyfreetime,”didafarworsejobofstickingtothatplanthandidpeoplewhomadeafirmcommitment,like“Iwillwalktomyfriend'shouseandbackeveryMonday,Wednesday,andFriday.”Thegoodnewsis,therearesolutionstoallthese.Wecanbeginwithexercisesassimpleasrememberingtositstraighterordrinkenoughwater.Specificworkoutplanscanturnageneraldesiretoexerciseintoafirmcommitment.__39__Wemayneveragainhavetheenergyofatwo-year-old,butgettingbackevenalittleofourearly-lifeenergycanmakeourlaterlivesawholelothealthier.A.Beingincollegeiscertainlypartoftheproblem.B.Thisisespeciallysowhenitcomestostayingfit.C.Nothavingaclearlydefinedexerciseplancanhurt.D.Weoftenwishtogobacktoourtwo-year-oldselves.E.Forinstance,youcanscheduleaweeklygymvisitwithfriends.F.Still,there'sarealdisconnectbetweenwhatweknowandwhatwedo.G.Themostpuzzlingpartofourinactivenatureisthatwedon'tstartoutthatway.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Inthemornings,asIwalkedfromthetrainstationtotheoffice,Iplannedmydaybymakingato-dolistinmyhead:thescientificarticlesIwouldread,thedatasetsIwouldanalyze,and-mosturgentofall-theinsightsintohumannaturethatitwasmyjobtodiscover.Eachevening,Iwentbacktothestation,againgoingthroughmymentalchecklistbutthistimesizingupmyperformanceagainsttheexpectationsI'dsetformyselfthatmorning.Timeandagain,whencomparingmyto-dolistwithmygot-donelist,IfeltdisappointedbecauseIhadfallenshort.Butoneday,somethingverystrangehappened.Duringmytriphome,withoutanyconsciousintent,mythoughtsbegantoshift.Insteadoffeelingbadaboutmyweaknesses,Isaidaloudverysoftly:I'maniceperson.I'maniceperson.I'maniceperson.BythetimeIboardedmytrain,Iwasdonewithmylittlechant-untilthenextdaywhenIwalkedhome.Andagain,aftercountingmyfailures,Ifoundmyselfsayingquietly:I'maniceperson.Itturnsoutthatthere'satechnicaltermforthispractice:valuesaffirmation.Andwhatitboilsdowntoisrecognizing,andstrengthening,thepersonalvaluesyouholdmostdear.Whenyouaffirmacorepersonalvalue,youshoreupyoursenseofself-worth.Youbroadenyouroutlook:Insteadoffocusingonyourshortfalls,youswitchtoawide-angleviewthatincludesyourresourcesandopportunities.Andthepeoplewhodothisarehappier,healthier,andmorehopeful.Overtime,Imadeprogressinmyresearchandlearnedalotaboutwhatmakesmostsuccessfulpeoplespecial,includingthis:Nobodyhaspassionanddeterminationunlesswhattheydolinesupwiththeirvalues.Tryvaluesaffirmationforyourselfandteachthepracticetoyourstudents.Takeamomentandthinkofavalueyouholddear,whetherit'skindness,creativity,orgratitude.Whateveritis,nameit.An