2018年高考英語江蘇專用文檔：專題三 閱讀理解 第二步 真題演練（二） 含答案

學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精真題演練（二）[2016·江蘇］Ae-Learning：AnAlternativeLearningOpportunityDaySchoolProgramSecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard（TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe—Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool。Theon—lineclassroomprovidesaninnovative，relevantandinteractivelearningenvironment。Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation。Theseon-linecourses：aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers；arepartoftheTDSBstudent'stimetable；and，appearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletion.Benefitsofe—LearningInclude：accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool；usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation；and，assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts.Ise-LearningforYou？Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon—linecourseareusually：abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities；capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner；and，abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess.Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron—linecourseworkastheywouldinaface—to-faceclassroomcourse.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。多倫多公立教育局邀請中學生選修一兩門在線課程.文章介紹了在線課程的基本情況、優(yōu)勢及選課要求。56．E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.A．theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachersB．theyarenotonthedayschooltimetableC．theyarenotincludedonstudents’reportsD．theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由Theseon-linecourses下的內(nèi)容可知A、B、C三項表述均不正確；根據(jù)Benefitsofe-Learning下的第一條“accesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool”可知,這些在線課程在TDSB課程中可能學不到，它們是對TDSB課程的補充。故選D項。57．Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-Learningcourses？A．Tolearninformationtechnologyon—line.B．Todotheirassignmentsindependently。C．Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly。D．Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ise—Learningforyou下的“Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon—linecourseareusually...capableofworkingindependently。.。"可知,學生需要獨立完成作業(yè),與B項相符。BChimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways，likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings，theyhavelittleinstinct（本能)tohelponeanother。Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren，whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood。Inthelaboratory，chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor，withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage，hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot。Chimpsaretrulyselfish.Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative。Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers，toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren。Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor，almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp。Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp，informandsharearenottaught，butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially。Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneralcognitive（認知的)skills，atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld.Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking。Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”，agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是通過實驗對比了黑猩猩與人類在相互幫助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩除了在某些方面偶爾合作外，在其他方面都是各顧各的,非常自私，而人卻從小就知道幫助他人,善于與他人合作，這是人類獨有的天性。58．Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps？A．Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B．Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren。C．Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D．Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother。答案A解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少關(guān)心其他的黑猩猩,比如第二段中的例子：隨意吃鄰居盤子里的食物,根本不關(guān)心鄰居是否有東西吃,再結(jié)合第二段最后一句“Chimpsaretrulyselfish?！?可知與A項說法一致.59．MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey。A．havetheinstincttohelpothersB．knowhowtoofferhelptoadultsC．knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD．trustadultswiththeirhandsfull答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Humanchildren，ontheotherhand，arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages，theydesiretohelpothers。.。"可知，人類的孩子有幫助他人的本能.60．Thepassageismainlyabout.A．thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB．waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionalityC．cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD．thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，通過實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)黑猩猩沒有相互幫助的本能，非常自私,而人類卻從小就知道幫助他人,善于與他人合作，這是人類獨有的天性。故C項為最佳答案。CElNi?o，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”，wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas。ElNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround。Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces。RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheylose。AstudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames。Amulti—yeardrought(干旱）insouth—eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters。ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o，in1997-98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare。AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12％ofdisaster—relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards。Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction。Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach。Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o’sharmfuleffects-andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority。語篇解讀本文是一篇科普說明文。主要介紹的是厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象名字的由來、影響、危害等相關(guān)情況,希望人們對厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好充分的準備，以減少損失。61．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman。B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas。D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段第二句“ElNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.”可知，在海洋厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時會有洋流的變化。62．WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses。D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance,thantheylose?！笨芍?富裕國家因厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象得到的東西要比它們失去的多。63．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat。A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句中的“。..however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance。。.”可知以往政府對減少風險的投入太少,應(yīng)該加大投資以降低厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象造成的損失.64．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin。B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o。答案D解析寫作意圖題.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是最后一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk。.。"可判斷出，作者寫這篇文章的目的是呼吁人們?yōu)槎驙柲嶂Z現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生做好準備。DNotsolongago，mostpeopledidn'tknowwhoShelly—AnnFraser—Prycewasgoingtobecome。Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherJamaicanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture。However，onepersonwantedtochangethis。StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShelly-Annatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive，butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout，somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking。HedecidedtoofferShelly-Annaplaceinhisverystricttrainingsessions。Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults，andafewyearslateratJamaica’sOlympictrialsinearly2008，Shelly—Ann，whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld，beatJamaica'sunchallengedqueenofthesprint（短跑)．“Wheredidshecomefrom？”askedanastonishedsprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns。ButShelly—Annwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicsshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold。ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipsinBerlin,becomingworldchampionwithatimeof10.73—thefourthfastesttimeever。Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner-citycommunitiesknownasWaterhouse，whereshelivedinaone—roomapartment，sleepingfourinabedwithhermotherandtwobrothers.Waterhouse，oneofthepoorestcommunitiesinJamaica,isareallyviolentandoverpopulatedplace.SeveralofShelly—Ann’sfriendsandfamilywerecaughtupinthekillings；oneofhercousinswasshotdeadonlyafewstreetsawayfromwhereshelived。Sometimesherfamilydidn'thaveenoughtoeat。Sheranattheschoolchampionshipsbarefootedbecauseshecouldn’taffordshoes.HermotherMaxime，oneofafamilyoffourteen，hadbeenanathleteherselfasayounggirlbut，likesomanyothergirlsinWaterhouse，hadtostopaftershehadherfirstbaby。Maxime’searlyentryintotheadultworldwithitsresponsibilitiesgaveherthedeterminationtoensurethatherkidswouldnotendupinWaterhouse’sroundaboutofpoverty.OneofthefirstthingsMaximeusedtodowithShelly-Annwastakinghertothetrack，andshewasreadytosacrificeeverything。Itdidn’ttakelongforShelly-AnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008，allthoselong，hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit。Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviouslyhadbeenlivinginpoverty，surroundedbycriminalsandviolence，hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports。ButShelly—Ann'svictorywasfargreaterthanthat。ThenightshewonOlympicgoldinBeijing，theroutinemurdersinWaterhouseandthedrugwarsintheneighbouringstreetsstopped。Thedarkcloudaboveoneoftheworld'stoughestcriminalneighbourhoodssimplydisappearedforafewdays?！癐havesomuchfireburningformycountry，"Shellysaid。SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.ShehopestoinspiretheJamaicanstolaydowntheirweapons。Sheintendstofighttomakeitawoman'saswellasaman’sworld。AsMuhammadAliputsit，“Championsaren’tmadeingyms。Championsaremadefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem。Adesire，adream,avision。"OneofthethingsShelly—Anncanbeproudofisherunderstandingofthistruth。語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文.主要講述的是牙買加一個短跑名將Shelly。AnnFraster.Pryce從平凡走向卓越，從卓越邁向偉大的歷程.在2008年北京奧運會上成功奪金之后，她努力用自己的影響力去改變那個曾經(jīng)吞噬了無數(shù)青少年夢想的貧民窟。65．WhydidStephenFrancisdecidetocoachShelly—Ann？A。Hehadastrongdesiretofreeherfamilyfromtrouble。B．Hesensedagreatpotentialinherdespiteherweaknesses.C．Shehadbigproblemsmaintainingherperformance。D．Shesufferedalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets。答案B解析細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段第五句中的“StephenFrancis。..wasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.”和第六句中的“hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout.。。"可知，StephenFrancis教練感受到了她的巨大潛力。66．WhatdidthesprintingworldthinkofShelly—Annbeforethe2008OlympicGames？A．Shewouldbecomeapromisingstar。B．Shebadlyneededtosethighergoals。C．Hersprintingcareerwouldnotlastlong.D．Hertalentforsprintingwasknowntoall。答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“.。.sprintingworld，beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone—hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime，onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.”可判斷出，短跑界認為她的短跑生涯不會持續(xù)很長時間。67．WhatmadeMaximedecidetotrainherdaughteronthetrack?A．Hersuccessandlessonsinhercareer.B．HerinterestinShelly-Ann'squickprofit。C．HerwishtogetShelly-Annoutofpoverty.D．Herearlyentrancein