閱讀理解塑料包裝竟是令人變胖的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?？高考英語外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練

23年高考英語外刊閱讀訓(xùn)練——閱讀理解：塑料包裝竟是令人變胖的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?？本文?jié)選自：TheGuardian（衛(wèi)報）作者：AdrienneMatei原文標(biāo)題：PlasticstouchingourfoodmaybemakingusgainweightWhenitcomestokeepingoffextrapounds,watchingwhatweeatmaynotbeenough–wehavetokeepaneyeonourfood'spackaging,too.RatesofobesityamongUSadultshaveincreasedfrom14%in1980to42%today,andhalftheworldisexpectedtobeoverweightorobeseby2035,withchildrenandteensfacingthesharpestincreaseinobesityanditsconsequences.Becausedatadoesn'tsupporttheideathatovereatingandlackofexercisearesquarelytoblame,thescientificcommunityisexploringotherfactorsthatmaycontribute–includingmetabolicdisruptioncausedbyeatingproductspackagedinplastic.Forastudypublishedlastyear,researchersattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologysetouttodeterminewhatchemicalcompoundsexistin34commonplasticitemsthattouchthingsweeat,suchasyogurtcups,juicebottles,styrofoammeattrays,gummy-candypackages,andplasticwrapusedforproduceandcheese,aswellasitemsoftenfoundinkitchens,likepolyurethaneplacematsandsponges.Ofthe55,000chemicalstheresearchersfoundintheseitems,only629wereidentifiable,with11beingknownmetabolicdisruptorssuchasphthalatesandbisphenols,whichinterferewithourbodies'abilitytoregulateweight,amongothertroublinghealtheffects.However,whenexposedtoinvitrohumancellcultures(studieshavenotusedhumanoranimaltestsubjects),farmorechemicalsthantheidentified11metabolicdisruptorstriggeredadipogenesis–theprocessunderlyingobesity,inwhichcellsproliferateandaccumulateanexcessoffat.Plasticsaremadewhenchemicalcompoundsfromrefinedfossilfuelsaremixedwithvariousother,oftentoxic,chemicalstopromotedesiredcharacteristicslikeflexibilityandwaterresistance.Wenowunderstandthatchemicalsdon'tjuststayputinthematerialbutcanleachfrompackagingintoourfood.ThescientistsIspeaktofrequentlyarguethatweneedtostartreducingourexposuretoplasticwithoutwaitingformoreslow-movingresearchtounequivocallyprovethattheplasticsinourfood,products,bloodandorgansareriskfactorsforbadhealthoutcomes.閱讀理解：1.Whatisthemainproblemdiscussedinthearticle?A.Thedangersofconsumingtoomanychemicalsfoundinplastics.B.ThelackofexerciseamongUSadults.C.Theimportanceofeatingahealthydiet.D.Thenegativeimpactsoftechnologyonhumanhealth.2.WhatisonereasonfortheincreaseinobesityratesamongUSadults?A.Lackofaccesstohealthyfoodoptions.B.Geneticsandfamilyhistory.C.Overconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugar.D.Increasedexposuretochemicalsinplasticpackaging.3.WhatdidtheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologystudyaimtodetermine?A.Thenumberofchemicalsfoundincommonplasticitems.B.Theimpactofplasticontheenvironment.C.Theeffectsofplasticonhumanmetabolism.D.Thebestalternativestoplasticforfoodpackaging.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonplasticitemthatmaytouchourfood?A.Juicebottles.B.Plasticwrapforproduceandcheese.C.Glasscontainers.D.Styrofoammeattrays.5.Whatarephthalatesandbisphenols?A.Chemicalcompoundsfoundinrefinedfossilfuels.B.Typesofplasticwrapusedforproduceandcheese.C.Knownmetabolicdisruptors.D.Thetwomostcommoncausesofobesity.6.Whatisadipogenesis?A.Theprocessofbreakingdownfatinthebody.B.Theprocessunderlyingobesity,inwhichcellsproliferateandaccumulateanexcessoffat.C.Theprocessofcellsproducingenergy.D.Theprocessofregulatingweightinthebody.7.Whatisthemainreasonthatchemicalsinplasticpackagingmaybeharmfultohumanhealth?A.Theycancauseanincreaseinphysicalactivitylevels.B.Theycanleadtotheproductionofexcessfatinthebody.C.Theycancausedamagetothecardiovascularsystem.D.Theycanleachfrompackagingintoourfood.8.Whatisthescientists'mainargumentinthearticle?A.Weshouldwaitformoreresearchbeforetakingactiontoreduceourplasticconsumption.B.Plasticinourfoodandproductsposesnorisktoourhealth.C.Thenegativehealthimpactsofplasticonhumanshavebeenconclusivelyproven.D.Weneedtostartreducingourexposuretoplasticevenwithoutconclusiveevidence.9.Accordingtothearticle,whatpercentageofUSadultsareobese?A.14%B.42%C.50%D.75%10.WhatisoneitemoftenfoundinkitchensthattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologystudied?A.Polyurethaneplacemats.B.Cleaningproducts.C.Glasscontainers.D.Metalutensils.答案：詞匯總結(jié)：1.obesity：肥胖癥2.packaging：包裝3.metabolicdisruption：代謝干擾4.plastic：塑料5.chemicalcompounds：化合物6.invitro：體外7.phthalates：鄰苯二甲酸鹽8.bisphenols：雙酚類物質(zhì)9.adipogenesis：脂肪生成10.leach：滲透11.riskfactors：風(fēng)險因素12.alternatives：替代方法13.flexibility：柔韌性14.toxic：有毒的15.proliferate：增殖16.accumulate：積累17.exposure：接觸18.conclusiveevidence：確鑿證據(jù)19.foodoptions：食物選擇20.genetics：基因21.refinedfossilfuels：精煉化石燃料22.waterresistance：防水性23.cardiovascularsystem：心血管系統(tǒng)24.conclusiveproof：確鑿證據(jù)25.slow-movingresearch：進(jìn)展緩慢的研究26.access：接近27.humancellcultures：人類細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)物28.yogurtcups：酸奶杯29.juicebottles：果汁瓶30.styrofoammeattrays：泡沫聚苯乙烯肉托盤31.gummy-candypackages：軟糖包裝32.plasticwrap：保鮮膜33.invitro：體外34.humantestsubjects：人類測試對象35.toxicchemicals：有毒化學(xué)品36.desiredcharacteristics：預(yù)期特性37.negativehealthimpacts：負(fù)面健康影響38.sponges：海綿39.identify：確定40.regulatory：調(diào)節(jié)新詞積累：1.squarely/?skw??l?/adv.直角地；誠實地；正好；干脆地；正當(dāng)?shù)?.metabolic/?m?t??b?l?k/adj.新陳代謝的/?d?p???d?en?s?s/4.leach

/li?t?/

v.過濾，濾去；萃??；被過濾n.過濾，過濾過程；過濾器5.unequivocally/??n??kw?v?k?li/adv.明確地6.setout出發(fā)；開始；陳述；陳列寫作句總結(jié)Whenitcomestokeepingoffextrapounds,watchingwhatweeatmaynotbeenough–wehavetokeepaneyeonourfood’spackaging.結(jié)構(gòu)：Whenitcomesto…,watching…maynotbeenough–wehavetokeepaneyeon….說到…，只關(guān)注于…可能還不夠——我們還得留意…。例句：WhenitcomestotheTEM-8,watchingexamquestionmaynotbeenough–wehavetokeepaneyeontimeallocation.全文對照翻譯Whenitcomestokeepingoffextrapounds,watchingwhatweeatmaynotbeenough–wehavetokeepaneyeonourfood’spackaging,too.RatesofobesityamongUSadultshaveincreasedfrom14%in1980to42%today,andhalftheworldisexpectedtobeoverweightorobeseby2035,withchildrenandteensfacingthesharpestincreaseinobesityanditsconsequences.Becausedatadoesn’tsupporttheideathatovereatingandlackofexercisearesquarelytoblame,thescientificcommunityisexploringotherfactorsthatmaycontribute–includingmetabolicdisruptioncausedbyeatingproductspackagedinplastic.在減輕多余的體重方面，只是關(guān)注我們吃什么可能不夠——我們也必須關(guān)注我們食品的包裝。美國成年人的肥胖率從1980年的14%增加到如今的42％，預(yù)計到2035年，全球有一半的人將超重或肥胖，兒童和青少年面臨肥胖及其后果的問題增長最快。由于數(shù)據(jù)不支持過度飲食和缺乏運動是肥胖問題的唯一原因，科學(xué)界正在探索其他可能的因素，包括由于吃塑料包裝的產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)致的代謝紊亂。Forastudypublishedlastyear,researchersattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologysetouttodeterminewhatchemicalcompoundsexistin34commonplasticitemsthattouchthingsweeat,suchasyogurtcups,juicebottles,styrofoammeattrays,gummy-candypackages,andplasticwrapusedforproduceandcheese,aswellasitemsoftenfoundinkitchens,likepolyurethaneplacematsandsponges.在去年發(fā)表的一項研究中，挪威科技大學(xué)的研究人員著手確定接觸到我們?nèi)粘Ｊ秤玫臇|西的34種常見塑料物品中有哪些化合物，比如酸奶杯、果汁瓶、泡沫聚苯乙烯肉托盤、軟糖包裝、用在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和奶酪上的保鮮膜，以及廚房里經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)的物品，如聚氨酯餐墊和海綿。Ofthe55,000chemicalstheresearchersfoundintheseitems,only629wereidentifiable,with11beingknownmetabolicdisruptorssuchasphthalatesandbisphenols,whichinterferewithourbodies’abilitytoregulateweight,amongothertroublinghealtheffects.However,whenexposedtoinvitrohumancellcultures(studieshavenotusedhumanoranimaltestsubjects),farmorechemicalsthantheidentified11metabolicdisruptorstriggeredadipogenesis–theprocessunderlyingobesity,inwhichcellsproliferateandaccumulateanexcessoffat.研究人員在這些物品中發(fā)現(xiàn)的55000種化學(xué)物質(zhì)中，只有629種可被識別出，其中有11種（如鄰苯二甲酸鹽