Key-to-Exercises-外研社現代大學英語精讀5第二版-課后習題參考答案

..KeytoExercisesU1Itiedwitharibbonfordecorationdidnothaveafavorableorfriendlyfeelingtowardsomebodysomethingthatcoulddevelopintoagreaterideatobesuccessfulinlifeoratworkanincreaseintheamountyouarepaidforworkusedforemphasizinghowlittle<thereisofsomething>seriousformalstudyorresearchofasubjectbeinginapositionthatgivesyouanadvantageoropportunitytoyield/givein<Themetaphorisacardgamewhereaplayerissaidto"fold"whenheputsdownhiscards,realizingthathehasaweakhand.>tokeepmattersenjoyableandnotveryserious earning<money>tobewilling/inclinedtodosomethingtobetheessentialqualityofaformalspeechpublicity<usedtotalkabouthowoftenorhowwellorbadlysomeoneorsomethingisdescribedinnewspapersormagazines>thechancesofsomethinghappening;thelikelihoodofbeingsuccessfulthenewestandthemostadvancedfacilityforphysicalexercise<AmE.informal>tohavefuneating,drinking,anddancing,etc.withotherpeople<veryinformal>tobejustifiablycheated tobeforcedtogiveuptoopposeorresiststubbornlyandobstinatelytoattack,topursueinordertooppose/argueagainsttohavesomethingasthemostimportantpart;toboildowntoplanneddirectioninwhichavehicleismovingtoaddmoredetailstomakesomethingmorecompleteforallinvolvedoraffectedV1.Myfatherhadsomeunhappyexperienceswithlawyersandpolicemen<implyingthathegotintosometroubleandwaspunishedinsomeway>andthereforedidnotlikelawyersandpolicemen.Thespeaker’suseofthisunashamedadmissionabouthisfather’stroublewiththelawishumorous.2.MyfatheradvisedmetostudyliteraturesincethatwaswhatIreallyliked.Ihadonlyonelife,unlessIhadsecretknowledgethatwecanallberebornagainandagain<thatreincarnationisnotjustnonsense>andthereforeIcangotocollegemanytimes.Myfatherofcoursewastotallycontemptuousofthewholeideaofreincarnation.3.Theywantthediploma/credentialswhichwillenablethemtogetwell-paidjobsonWallStreetorgotolawschools,medicalschools,orbusinessschoolstobecomelawyers,doctors,andbusinessexecutives.4.Inordertobesuccessful,theyhavetoworkhard.Theymustearntherighttokeeptheirjobasaprofessorforaslongastheylike,keeppublishingiftheydonotwanttoperish,gethigherandhighersalaries,andgetoffersfromoutsidetheiruniversitiestoaddtotheirprestige.Andallthiscanbebroadlycalledscholarlywork.5.Theprofessorsaveshisenergiesforhisownscholarlyworkwhilethestudentsaveshisenergiesforhisfriends,socializing,volunteerwork,buildinganetworkofpeoplewhomightbeusefulforhiscareer,andtryingineverypossiblewaytoobtainanidealjobupongraduation,whichisreallythemostimportantgoalforhim.Thespeakerisimplyingthatneithertheprofessornorthestudentisgivinghis/hermainattentiontoteachingandlearning.6.Eton,asweknowisa"public"<thatis,private>schoolfortheBritisharistocracy.IteducatesthemenwhobecomeBritain’sleaders;thetiesformedthereareall-importantasaretheunspokenrulesyoulearn.SowhatWellingtonissayinghereisthatitwasthissmallandcohesiveclassanditsvaluesthatdefeatedNapoleon.7.Whatstudentsarelookingforfromaliberalartseducationisnotaluxury,butanecessity.Itisnotsomethingyoucoulddowith,butsomethingyouabsolutelycan’tdowithout.8.Youmaybe…someonewhoisneverembarrassedinsocialgatheringsbecauseyouaresowell-readandsoknowledgeable<orwhocanembarrassothersbymakingthemappearignorant>.9.Forsomereason,youfindthatthesewriterswholivedalongtimeagoseemtoknowmoreaboutyouthanyoudoyourself.10.Inreading,Icontinuetolookforonething.IhopethatIcanfindnewideasandnewperspectivesthatwillmakemechangethecourseofmylifeandputmeonanewandbetterroad.VI.Phrases炮制計劃取得一種成就；獲得一種技能/本領/功夫不太喜歡,沒有好感內部消息課程目錄擁有大量資金的大玩家首要的目標成功的前景印發(fā)證書教學的基本原則學術出版物與這問題無關〔他全身心投入社交生活建立關系網為他們謀生計視而不見與美國結盟德才兼?zhèn)?全面發(fā)展的學生艱苦的任務挖掘他們的資源報界的惡評最新、最先進的健身設施得來不易的智慧VII.understatementmetaphorsimileoxymoronalliterationhyperboleeuphemismparallelstructureantithesisrhymeSentences我每次講話都必須在弗洛伊德有關觀點的基礎上再努力往前探索。只是聰明的人都習慣于琢磨他們如何才能順利謀生的問題。我當時提出,這種行為完全可以勒令他休學一段時間。黑色的豪華轎車開來停在他的辦公室前面,從車里涌出來大批衣著得體的談判人。我那位哥們嚇得腿發(fā)軟了嗎？沒有,他不是那種人,不過他實在不喜歡這個過程。你們可能會以為,對于大學教育不該有什么實質性的內容,不該以約翰·濟慈喜歡稱之為"心靈培養(yǎng)"為目的的這種觀念,教授們和大學校長們一定會十分謹慎,不去張揚。……那些抱著熱切期望的父母們,希望你們能實現自己的理想,或者希望你們能為他們實現當初沒能實現的理想……常識是一種應該尊重的東西,不過不該向它頂禮膜拜〔我不是想和令人欽佩的伯克抬杠我認為不該向。他研究了宗教問題。他說這歸根結底是對父親的熱切企盼。假如那位教授嘲弄你,因為你問了一個嚴肅的問題而不讓有關的人都太平,那你就必須要堅強,保持你超然的分析的態(tài)度。 U2Ιapieceofequipmentofanold-fashionedradioorTVsetthatyouturntoadjustthevolumeofthesoundveryinterestedinandpleasedwithsomethingsothatyoupayalotofattentiontoittomakesomeonefeelthattheymustwatchorlistentosomethingorsomeone,becausetheyaresointerestedinitorattractedbyittoplayapieceofmusicusingtherightrhythmandspeedafirstappearanceinpublicasofanactoranuntidymixtureofthings<music>apassagethatisrepeatedtofastensomethingfirmlysothatitcannotmovesomethingthatdoesnotsucceed,ofteninawaythatcausesembarrassmentapublicperformanceofmusicorpoetry,usuallygivenbyonepersonorasmallgroupapersonwhoadjustsamusicalinstrument,especiallyapiano,sothatitplaysatthecorrectpitch<ofclothesorfabrics>treatedchemicallysoastorepelclothesmothV1.Iimaginedmyselfasdifferenttypesofprodigy,tryingtofindoutwhichonesuitedmethebest.2.Ihatedthetestsbecausetheyrepresentedhopessohighthatfailuretorealizethemwasinevitable.3.Ihadnewthoughts,whichwerefilledwithastrongspiritofdisobedienceandrebellion.4.ThegirlwasoftheShirleyTempletype,veryenergeticandlively.5.AlthoughIsawsignsthatwarnedmethatmymotherwasthinkingofturningmeintoagirllikethatonTV,Ididn’tfeelworried.6.OldChongwasconductinganinvisibleorchestrawhichwascreatedbyhisdreamingthought.7.Ipracticedthepianoundermymother’sinstructioneverydayforthenextyearasmyduty,butIplayedinanuncooperativewaytoshowmyrebellion.8.WhenIsaidthosewords,Ifeltthatsomeverynastythoughtshadgotoutofmychest,andIfeltsurprised.Butatthesametime,Ifeltgoodbecausethoseterriblethoughtshadbeensuppressedinmyheartforquiteawhileandtheyhadgotoutatlast.Icouldfeelthatherangerhadreachedthepointwhereherself-controlwouldcollapse,andIwantedtoseewhatmymotherwoulddowhenshelostcompletecontrolofherself.Whenthelidtothepianowasclosed,itshutoutthedustandalsoputanendtomymiseryandherdreams.VIPhrases幾乎不用首付現款過高的希望和達不到的期盼短路我家起居室的唯一擺設力氣大得嚇人自行其是Sentences我的頭發(fā)沒有做出我要的大卷花,而是給我弄成一頭亂蓬蓬的黑色小卷毛。在她告訴我答案前,她對了對手中的雜志,看看"赫爾辛基"是否能這樣發(fā)音。她似乎被這音樂吸引住了。這鋼琴曲不長,但有點狂亂,有著迷人的特點,樂曲一開始是快節(jié)奏的,接著是歡快跳動的節(jié)拍,然后又回到嬉戲的部分。如果她的才氣和她的脾氣一樣大,她早就出名了。而我的媽媽挺起胸膛,吹牛說,"我們的問題比你的更糟糕。如果你讓精妹洗碗,她根本聽不到,因為她滿腦都是音樂,似乎她的天才是無法制止的。"我最喜歡練習的部分是花哨的謝幕行禮動作：先出右腳,腳尖點在地毯的玫瑰圖案上,身子側擺,左腿彎曲,抬頭,微笑。我朝觀眾望去,看到了我媽木然的面孔,爸爸的哈欠,林朵阿姨的尷尬笑容和薇弗莉悶悶不樂的表情。一股涼氣從頭頂開始,然后一點點傳到全身。但我卻不能停止演奏,雙手猶如著了魔。我不停地想,我的手指會調整好,就像火車會被扳到正確的軌道上。她的臉部失去了表情,嘴巴緊閉,雙臂無力地垂下。她退出了房間,神色驚異,好像一小片枯黃的樹葉被風吹走了,那樣的單薄、脆弱、毫無生氣。我第一次,或感覺好像是第一次,注意到右邊的樂曲標題是《心滿意足》。我也試著彈這首曲子。它的曲調比較輕松,但節(jié)奏同樣流暢,不是很難?！镀砬蟮暮⒆印份^短、較慢,而《心滿意足》更長、更快一些。在我彈了幾遍后,我意識到,原來這兩個曲子是同一首歌的兩個組成部分。U3Iintheactofstrugglingwith<aproblem,decision,task,etc.>aforceproducingmotionorchangeprogramofthingstobedonetohavealotof,asiffullofholesafterashotgunblastdecisivelylargenumberofpeople<slang>tospendmuchofone'stime;tofrequenttocontrolsomeone,astoshowhimhowtobehaveoractanisolatedareaofaspecifiedtypetobecomepopularextendingfardowninarevealingwayV．1.YetGlobalizationisnotsomethingyoucanacceptorreject;itisalreadyafactoflife,whichyouwillencounterandhavetorespondtoeveryday.2.Politicalgroupswithbroadpopularsupporthaveemergedtotakeadvantageofpeople’sexistingworriesanduneasinessregardingforeign"culturalassault."3....inChina,closed-doorandopen-doorpolicytrendshavelongstruggledfordominance.4.TheChinesepeopleshouldcontinuetoliveabackwardlifewhilewelivecomfortablywithallmodernconveniences.5.Westernization...isaconceptfullofself-contradictionsandheldbypeopleofverydifferentbackgroundsandviews.6.Intryingtofindoutwhatfuturetrendswillbe,youdonotneedtobefashionableyourself.7.Asanopenandtechnologicallyadvancedcountrywithalargemarketforunusualthings,AmericaprovidedTomSloperwiththenecessaryconditionstodesignasoftwareprogramcombininganewWesterntechnologywiththeancientEasternrulesofmah-jongg.Andhewasabletosellhisproduct.8.Hewasmovingaround,playingagameviatheInternet,withpeoplelivingindifferenttimezones,hencetheircomputeractivitybrokedownthelimitsoftimezones.9.TheGuccistorehadnotexpectedthatinthefirsttwoweeksofitsopeninginShanghai,businesswouldbesogood.10.ThemeansofshowingrepentancemightbeparticulartotheJews,butthestrongdesiretoreceiveforgivenessfromGodiscommon.VI.今天我們正經歷著一種世界范圍文化劇變的陣痛,一種習俗與追求的結構性變化。用社會學家奇特的詞匯來稱呼這種變化,就叫"全球化"。不管他們的背景和綱領如何,這些對全球化持反對態(tài)度的人深信西方的影響——往往等同于美國的影響——會把所有文化上的差異一一壓平,就像一位觀察家所說的,最終產生一個麥當勞世界,一個充斥美國貨和體現美國價值觀的世界。不過我也發(fā)現文化就如同構成文化的民族一樣,善于隨機應變,富有彈性而且不可預測?，F今原創(chuàng)極為困難。因此,最容易的辦法就是把現存的東西組合在一起,拿出一個新玩意兒來。二十六萬中國婦女每月都在閱讀《時尚》雜志,那些開領袒胸的畫頁及其他內容。燈光熄滅,有一陣子,黑暗中惟一的聲音就是一部價格昂貴的照相機自動倒卷時發(fā)出的聲音。他們從當地文化中吸收了不少東西,但仍然保持了自己的本色。相互聯(lián)系是人類天生的欲望,是其共同的命運。這種連接靠的是強有力的心靈紐帶。U4I<withthe>thetheater,drama,oractingasaprofessioninagoodrepute;havingagoodreputation;well-thought-of;respectableamessengerofGodandasupernaturalbeingtowhomareattributedgreaterthanhumanpower,intelligence,etc.;apersonregardedasbeingasbeautiful,good,innocent,etc.asanangel,especiallysaidofwomenandchildrenanabilityandaskillthatonecandevelopwithtrainingandpracticeacurrentofcoldairflowingthrougharoomsly,cunningtrick;clevertalkortricksusedtopersuadesomeonetodowhatyouwantthemoneyorprofitderivedfromasale,businessventure,etc.tocauseaparticularphysicalcondition9.tolookcloselyandinquisitively 10.innameonlyVIfyouwanttobeamusicianorapainter,youmustownapianoorhiremodels,andyouhavetovisitorevenliveinculturalcenterslikeParis,ViennaandBerlin.Andalsoyouhavetobetaughtbymastersandmistresses.However,ifyouwanttobeawriter,youdon’tneedallthis.Inthepatriarchalsocietywomenareforcedintoalowerfinancialstatus.Asaresulttheycouldnotbecomesuccessfulinmostprofessionsexceptwritingasthelatterdidnotrequiremuchfinancialresources.Sherealizedthatmendidn’tapproveofawomandaringtotellthetruthaboutherbodyandherpassions.Theywouldsurelysaybadthingsaboutsuchawoman.Thisrealizationinterruptedherimaginationandrousedherfromthestateofunconsciousness,inwhichanartistdesiredtobe.Theprogressofwomenwriterswashinderedbymen’sextremelyconventionalthoughtsandbehaviors.Ibelieveitisverycommonforwomentohavethisexperience.Itwasasensiblethingformentogivethemselvesgreatfreedomtotalkabouttheirbodyandpassions.Butifwomenwanttohavethesamefreedom,menstronglydisapproveofit.AndIdonotbelievethattheyrealizehowseverelytheycondemnsuchfreedominwomen,nordoIbelievethattheycancontroltheirextremelyseverecondemnationofit.Itwilltakealongtimeforwomentoridthemselvesoffalsevaluesandattitudesandtoovercometheobstacletotellingthetruthabouttheirbodyandpassions.Regardingthementalandspiritualworld,theinnernatureofaperson,itisnotsimpleatallforawomanwriter,forshestillhasmanyobstaclesandprejudicestoovercome.Evenwhenthepathisopentowomenofficially,whenoutwardlythereisnothingtopreventawomanfrombeingadoctor,alawyer,acivilservant,inwardlytherearestillfalsethoughtsandvaluesasobstaclesimpedingawoman’sprogress.VIPhrases與鄰居發(fā)生嚴重糾紛借一首著名詩歌中女主人公之名扼住她的喉嚨持續(xù)慵懶的狀態(tài)在無意識深處不用修辭手段、直截了當地說男性極端的因循守舊以什么為條件,在什么樣的條件下Sentences1.我的專業(yè)是文學,而在這個專業(yè)中,婦女的特殊經歷比其他專業(yè)中婦女面臨的特殊經歷要少,舞臺藝術是個例外。2.她擅長家庭生活的各項高難度技能。下面我要說說多少是我自己決定做的一件事情,當然做此事的功勞主要還應歸功于我的了不起的祖先,是他們給我留下了一筆財產——比如說每年五百英鎊吧——這樣我就不必完全靠女人的魅力去謀生了。我相信,婦女只有在人類知識所涉及的全部藝術和專業(yè)領域中用創(chuàng)造形式表達自己的情感后,她們才能知道什么是婦女。這就是我今天來到這里的原因,是出于對你們的尊敬,因為你們正在用你們的經驗告訴我們婦女是什么,并正在通過你們的成功與失敗,為我們提供尤為重要的信息。他希望在他寫作時,他每天見的人,讀的書,做的事都是相同的,這樣任何事物都不會打破他生活的幻想,也不會攪亂他的四處探求、摸索以及對那令人難以捉摸的容易被嚇跑的東西——想象力的突然發(fā)現。盡管如此,我還是想說我是在似睡非睡的狀態(tài)中創(chuàng)作小說。我認為討論和界定這些障礙是十分重要的,因為只有如此我們才能共同努力并克服困難。那些目的是什么,對這個問題我們不能想當然認為已經解決了,而要不斷地提出疑問和進行審視。這個自由只是個開端,現在屋子是你自己的了,但它依然是空的,它需要裝修和裝飾,需要與人分享。VIIEarlywomenwritershadmadetheirwayintotheprofessionofliterature;manyfamouswomenwritersandmanymoreunknownorforgottenwomenwritershavemadetheircontributionstoliteratureandhavepavedthewayforwriterslikemeandtheyarenowguidingmeasImoveforward.Therewasnoneedforawritertospendmuchofthefamilymoneyinordertowrite.WhileIwaswritingthebookreview,IfoundthatifIweregoingtoreviewbooks,Ihadtofightanddoawaywithadreadedillusion,afearedvisionexistinginmymind.ThefalsebeliefaboutwhataproperwomanshouldbeoftencausedargumentsorproblemsbetweenmeandwhatIwaswriting.Thoseconventionalattitudeswouldhavetakenawaythemostimportantpartofmywriting,thatis,theessenceofmywriting.Thus,wheneverIfelttheinfluenceofVictorianattitudesonmywriting,Ifoughtbackwithallmypower.AllwomenwritershadtomakecontinuouseffortstofightagainstthestronginfluenceofVictorianattitudesaboutthetraditionalroleofwomen.Thewriter’simaginationhadfreelyexploredandexaminedthedepthsoftheunconsciousbeing,wherehiddenthoughts,feelingsandimpulsesweretobefound.Nowherimaginationhaddisappeared.Thensuddenlythewriter’simaginationcameacrossabigobstacle,andshewasrousedfromherartist’sstateofunconsciousness.Somewomenhavegainedapositionoracertaindegreeoffreedominasocietywhichhasuptonowbeendominatedbymen.U5I．1.

monthofSundays<Para.1>:<colloquial>alongtime,quiteawhile2.

submit<Para.5>:toofferasanopinion;suggest,propose3.

flight<Para.8>:fleeingorrunningawayfrom.Hereitmeansthenarratorsuddenlystopped4.

intheswim<Para.17>:conformingtothecurrentfashions,oractiveinthemaincurrentofaffairs5.

pin-up<Para25>:<Americancolloquialism>apostershowingafamouspersonorsexsymbol,designedtobedisplayedonawall6.

carriage<Para.26>:aperson’sbearingordeportment7.

keen<Para.29>:<Americanslang>good,fine,excellent,etc.,ageneraltermofapproval8.

mince<Para.45>:tolessentheforceof;weaken,asbyeuphemism9.

casualkick<Para.55>:<Americancolloquialism>anoccasionalpleasure;acasualrelationship;apassingaffair;notaseriouscommitment10.deposit<Para97>:<formalandhumoroushere>toput,layorsetdown11.brief<Para105>:aconcisestatementofthemainpointsofalawcase,usuallyfiledbycounselfortheinformationofthecourt12.nuts<Para.109>:<Americanslang>anexclamationofdisgust,scorn,disappointment,refusal,etc.13.let-up<Para123>:stopping;relaxing14.well-heeled<Para.124>:<Americanslang>rich,prosperous

V.Ibelievefollowingpassingcrazesshowsacompletelackofsoundjudgment.Oneafternoon,whenIwentbacktomydorm,Peteywaslyingonhisbed.HeworesuchadepressedlookthatIthoughthewassufferingfromappendicitis.Mybrain,whichisaspreciseasachemist’sscales,begantoworkathighspeed.Shewasbeautifulandattractiveenoughtoarousethedesiresandpassionsofmen,butIwouldnotletfeelingsgettheupperhandofreason.IwantedPollyforacarefullythought-outreason.Shewasnotyetasattractiveasthefamouspeopledisplayedonwallposters,butIfeltsurethat,giventime,shewouldbejustasglamorous.Infact,shewentintheoppositedirection.Shewasratherstupid.Ifyouwerenolongerdatingher,otherswouldbefreetocourther.Helookedatthecoatthenlookedawayfromthecoat.Everytimehelooked,hisdesireforthecoatgrewstrongerandhisresolutionnottogiveup[away]Pollybecameweaker.Toteachhertothinkappearedtobeaverydifficulttask,andatfirstIeventhoughtofgivingherbacktoPetey.Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.VI.Phrases愚蠢到了極點驚愕地失聲低語一個不知所措、左右為難的人挺著下巴,表示堅定不屈對某種一般的陳述進行限定學不會邏輯的腦袋；對邏輯一竅不通〔她緊鎖眉頭,聚精會神〔進行思考一絲智慧的閃光把波莉培養(yǎng)成邏輯學家強大的意志力Sentences像查爾斯·蘭姆這樣快樂和富有創(chuàng)新精神的人物并不常見,他寫了《古瓷》和《夢中的孩子》兩篇文章,這兩篇文章可以說解放了散文。那么,就讀讀下面這篇文章吧,它將向我們展示邏輯并不是一門枯燥乏味、迂腐不堪的學科；恰恰相反,邏輯是一個活生生的事物,充滿美麗、激情和心靈的創(chuàng)傷。我的頭腦象發(fā)電機一樣強大,像藥劑師的天平一樣精確,像手術刀一樣銳利。她亭亭玉立、體態(tài)優(yōu)雅,這一切都表明她出身高貴。我一下子打開了手提箱,露出一團毛乎乎的氣味刺鼻的東西。這么可愛的人可不容易找。我要是意志不堅定,我就不是我了。我皺了一下眉頭,但鼓足勇氣地繼續(xù)往下講。也許,在她死火山般的腦袋里,還有一點余火仍在閃爍冒煙。這回波莉該動心了〔應該能達到我的目的了,我雙臂交叉在胸前,想道。VII.HastyGeneralizationPostHocHypothesisContrarytoFactDictoSimplicitorAdMisericordiamPostHocDictoSimplicitorHastyGeneralizationFalseAnalogyContradictoryPremisesPoisoningtheWellU7I.implement<Para.2>:<noun>atool,utensil,orotherpieceofequipment,especiallyasusedforaparticularpurposewalk-on<Para.4>:aminorroleinwhichtheactorhasnoorveryfewspokenlinespatchwork<Para.8>:athingcomposedofmanydifferentelementssoastoappearvariegatedrattletrap<Para.8>:anoldorricketyvehiclespectrum<Para.11>:abroadrangeofvariedbutrelatedideasorobjects,theindividualfeaturesofwhichtendtooverlapsoastoformacontinuousseriesorsequencesermon<Para.11>:anyserioustalkonbehavior,responsibility,etc.,esp.along,tediousonestage<Para.11>:torepresent,produce,orexhibitonorasifonastageroped-off<Para.11>:enclosed,partitioned,ormarkedoffwitharopeorropesslippery<Para.15>:liabletochange;unstableappreciably<Para.15>:noticeably,considerablyV.1970stextbooksnolongerfocusontheheroismofindividualpresidents.Instead,theytreatthepresidentsasagroup,andarguethat,consideringthetremendousdifficultiestheyfaced,mostofthemdidfairlywell.Thereareexceptions,ofcourse.Afewmadeincorrectdecisions,buttheywerenotmentionedbyname.<Para.4>The1970stextsimplythatAmericanswere,afterall,notasinnocentasportrayed.<Para.6>Peoplehardlythoughtaboutquestioningthetruthfulnessofthetextbooksbecausethetextbooksseemedtooccupyaseparaterealm.Itdidn’tmatterthatwhatwaswritteninthetextbooksdifferedfromwhatactuallyhappenedorfromwhatpeoplebelieved.<Para.7>Thepastisnotadirectcoursetothepresent;thingsdonotrunsmoothlyandprogressivelyanymore.Instead,thepastisacollectionofscatteredissuesandevents.Theydonotformanorganicwholeorprogressinanysingledirection.<Para.8>Nomatterwhatwethinkordo,historyismovingforward.Historyisnotadaptingtous.Weneedtoadapttothewayhistorydevelops.<Para.8>Inthesebooks,historyisclearlynotasequencedlisting,byhistorians,ofthingsthathappened.<Para.10>Ratherthandiametricallydifferentteachingmethods,thereisabroadrangeofpedagogicalapproaches,justasthereisavarietyofpoliticalviewpoints.<Para.11>Thenineteenth-centuryphotographsofchildlaborersandurbansubstandardhousingaresobeautifulthattheytakereadersbeyondtheimmediateuglinessoftheirsubjects,obscuringcriticalissuesthatreadersneedtopayattentionto.<Para.13>The1950shistorytextbooksweresimpleandimmature,butthe1970stextsareunconventionalanduncivilized,bombardingallofthesensesinanundiscriminatingfashion.Americanhistoryisnolongerboring;itissoappealingtotheeye,ear,andtouchthatitdistractsstudents’attentionfromthehistoryitself.<Para.13>Weknowthateachhistoriantosomeextentrecreatestheworldinanewanddifferentway.Wealsoknowthattosomeextentallhistoryreflectscontemporaryperspectivesandviewpoints.Inotherwords,historianswritebackfromwheretheystand.<Para.14>VI.是因為和其他書比起來,歷史書看起來充滿了權威。<Para.1>美國歷史教材字斟句酌、嚴謹慎重、呆板無趣,而且像中國皇帝一樣拒人于千里之外。<Para.1>六十年代的那一代人曾經認為,無論他們如何抗議,歷史課本都不會改變。這個想法一定很讓人放心,因為,當他們的意見發(fā)生作用時,關于核雨和粗制濫造的房子的歌曲收進歷史課本,他們竟然渾然不覺。<Para.5>從意識形態(tài)上來說,五十年代寫就的歷史書堅如磐石、天衣無縫。<Para.7>歷史書的正統(tǒng)觀念看起來無懈可擊,永不衰敗。<Para.7>過去依據憲法有章可循,依靠總統(tǒng)仁慈善為,國家運轉順利,但是現在整個體系都變的破舊不堪岌岌可危。<Para.8>以前的歷史書在末尾章節(jié)總是會提到科學進步和總統(tǒng)大選,把當代社會描繪成寧靜美好的天堂,但是如今的歷史書總是以各種各樣的問題結束：種族問題、城市問題、外交問題、以及污染、貧困、能源枯竭、青春叛逆、暗殺、毒品等等。<Para.8>在問題面前,美國人仍然希望科學之神能夠從天而降,神奇地解決一切問題,但這樣的愿望虛無縹緲、不切實際。<Para.8>和大眾讀物不同,教科書不會寫出來然后任其自生自滅。<Para.15>這個短暫存在的版本就成為孩子們永恒不變的歷史,決定了他們如何理解自己的國家。<Para.15>U8I.tocarrytheday<4>:

towin;toovercometheoppositionofothersroughgoing<4>:

terriblyhardforprogresstowardagoalestablishment<4>:

inEngland,acomplexconsistingofthechurch,theroyalfamilyandtheplutocracy,regardedasholdingthechiefmeasureofpowerandinfluencerumoredsightings<8>:unconfirmedreportsofpeoplehavingseenhimfromadistanceschool<8>:agroupofpeopleheldtogetherbythesameteachings,beliefs,opinions,methods,etc.following<8>:agroupoffollowersoradherentsoutofsorts<11>:

slightlyupsetorunhappytoreadinto<12>:

toattribute<aparticularmeaning>to;toprojectexcessivesignificanceintosomethingV.IknewthatOppenheimerwasamanofgreattalentbuthiswayofshowinghistalentatmyseminarscauseduneasinessandresentmentamongpeople,especiallyamonghisfellowstudents.Sincethoseattendingtheconferencewerepeopledevotedtopoetry,suchananecdote,thoughinteresting,mightnotbeappreciatedbytheaudience.Thereweretworeasonsformygoingtotheconferencesetagainstthereasonsformynotgoingandtheybecamedecisiveinmyfinaldecision.Accordingtomyview,Spenderbelongstothegroupwhosewritingsabouttheirlives,experiences,thatiswhoseautobiographies,aremoreinterestingthantheirliteraryworks.LikeDirac,Audenwasoutstandinginclarity.Hewasalsooutstandinginhispowerfuluseofthelanguageandinhissenseoffunaboutseriousissues.Alltheseaspectsgreatlyfascinatedme.Spender’srecordofhisvisitisinterestingnotonlybecauseofthethingshementionsbutalsobecauseofthethingshedoesnotsay.Inhisbook/hisautobiography,Spenderfailstogiveaconnected,completepictureofOppenheimeranddoesnotmentionthatOppenheimer’sbackgroundandsituationandSpender’sarecloselyintertwined.Therealpersonlookedmuchmoreinterestingthanthepictures.Maybeoneshouldnotattachtoomuchimportancetoappearances.Hehadlivedlongerthananyofhismorefamousfriendsbuthisworkstillrevealedtheinfluencesofhisfriends,especiallyAuden.VI.他很少說話,但一旦開口,他的話往往是極為精確,而且常常具有壓倒一切的威力。至少我現代風格的作品會給人帶來歡樂,就如英國的主教在論述量子力學。他的眼睛帶有一種警覺而冷冷的目光。這種目光也可以在暹羅貓身上找到。奧本海默曾因被疑為對國家不忠而受到"審訊",其接觸國家機密文件的權利被剝奪。跟愛因斯坦一樣,他沒有建立學派,沒有追隨者,也沒有培養(yǎng)出幾個學生。他說,"物理學上真正有價值的見地,只屬于個人。"瞧,清晨披著金黃色的氅篷,踏著高山上的露珠從東方走來。可憐的斯蒂芬·斯賓達,可憐的羅伯特·奧本海默,每個人都被局限在,如果不是歸類到,不錯之列,而他們又清楚地知道什么叫做出類拔萃,這就使他們不可避免地感到悲哀。U10<slang>powerandinfluenceascienceandartofhomemaking,includingnutrition,clothing,budgeting,andchildcareashortperiodoftimeduringwhichyoudosomethingalot,especiallysomethingthatisbadforyouastructurewithasteepslopethatchildrenuseforslidingdownanarrangementofhorizontalandverticalbarserectedasinaplaygroundforchildrentoclimbon,swingfrom,etc.thedividinglineformedbycombingthehairindifferentdirectionsrevealingwhatismeanttobekeptasecretfame;honor<colloquial>tosingleoutasforabuseorcriticism;annoyorteasealong,narrowhousewithroomsarrangedonebehindtheotherafive-and-ten-centstorewheresupposedlyeverythingcostsonlyafewcentsthepeakorvisorofacapV.Thisisperhapsbecausetheyonlyhaveplacesofbirth,butnotplaceswheretheyfeelathomeandwhichtheyidentifythemselveswith.Butthesegirlsarestronglyinfluencedbytheirhometowns,andtheinfluencestayswiththemforeverevenaftertheyleavetheirhometowns.Thebrowngirlsliveinquietblackneighborhoodwhereeverybodyhasagoodandsteadyjob.Thehusbanddoesnotknowthatasthebrowngirldefinessexasvulgarandindecent,shewillnotenjoyanormalsexuallifethoroughlyandwhollybutwillrestrainherselfinmakinglovewithherhusband.Ifhisneedswerephysicalratherthanemotional,shecouldmeetthem.Shecouldmakehimcomfortableandgivehimenoughorevenmorethanenoughtosatisfyhisphysicalneeds.Hewaseitherboredorscaredbyhismotherathome,neverfeelinghappy,andasaresultheregardedtheplaygroundashisonlyjoy.ShewastotallyabsorbedinthinkinghowbeautifultheflowerswerewhensuddenlyJuniorcried,"Hereissomethingforyou!"ShehadseenpoorgirlslikePecolaeverywhereandallthetime.TherearetoomanygirlslikePecola.Asthegirlsweregrow