機械專業(yè)英語試題及答案

課程機械工程專業(yè)英語課程性質(zhì)（□必修□限選□任選）考試方式（□閉卷□開卷）一、選擇題（在每題四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案，本大題共15小題，每小題1分，總計15分）1.Ifallpointsinalinkagemoveinparallelplanesthesystemundergoesplanarmotionandthelinkagemaybedescribedasa.A.planarmotionB.planarlinkageC.jointsD.slide2.Thoughframematerialanddesignshouldhandledamping,aresometimesbuiltintoframesectionstohandlespecificproblems.A.beamsB.holesC.dampersD.screw3.Themaximumallowabledeflectionofashaft______determinedbycriticalspeed,gear,orbearingrequirements.A.oftenB.mustC.wasD.isusually4.Wewillhaveto_____tobetterandbettersolutionsaswegeneratemoreinformation.A.repeatmanytimesB.iteratingC.iterateD.tryways5.Ifaproductconfigurationis_______specifiedandthenexaminedtodeterminewhethertheperformancerequirementsaremet.A.finallyB.tentativelyC.temporaryD.havebeen6.Manufacturingcanbedefinedasthe_____ofrawmaterialsintousefulproductsthroughtheuseoftheeasiestandlest-expensivemethods.A.transformationB.processingC.processD.transforming7.Theplanerandkneetypesofmillingmachineis_____becauseofitsflexibility.A.usedmostcommonlyB.mostpopularC.themostcommonlyusedD.mostpowerful8.Asaresult,thesystemwillvibrateatthefrequencyofthe_____forceregardlessoftheinitialconditionsornaturalfrequencyofthesystem.A.actionB.excitationC.outD.act9.Beforetwocomponentsareassembledtogether,therelationshipbetweenthedimensionsofthematingsurfaces_______.A.mustbegivingoutB.shouldprintedclearlyC.mustbespecifiedD.shouldbeclearlynoted10.Themainpracticaladvantageoflowerpairsistheirbetterabilitytotraplubricantbetweentheir______surfaces.A.envelopingB.matingC.outerD.outside11.Theword______itselfusuallyreferstothedeteriorationofmetalsandceramics,whilesimilarphenomenainplasticsgenerallycalled______.A.recrystallization….corrosionB.recrystallization…degradation題號一二三四五六七八總分得分C.degradation…corrosionD.corrosion…degradation12.Mostframes_______castiron,weldsteel,composition,orconcrete.A.aremadefromB.aremadeupofC.wasproducedbyD.wasconsistof13.Rotatingshaftsparticularlythosethatrunathighspeeds,mustbedesignedtoavoidoperationatspeeds.A.lowB.overloadC.criticalD.hollow14.Althoughcastironisafairlycheapmaterial,eachcastingrequiresa.A.patternB.modelC.moldD.patent15.Thetermisusedtodescribejointswithsurfacecontact,aswithapinsurroundedbyahole.A.highpairB.lowpairC.surfacepairD.rotarypair二、完型填空（在每個小題四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案，本大題共15小題，每小題1分，總計15分）Thetermshaftusuallyreferstoarelativelylongmemberofroundcrosssectionthatrotatesandtransmitspower.Oneormorememberssuchasgears,sprockets,pulleys,andcamsareusually(16)totheshaftbymeansofpins,keys,splines,snaprings,andotherdevices.Theselattermembersareamongthe“associatedparts”consideredinthistext,asarecouplingsanduniversaljoint,whichserveto(17)theshafttothesourceofpowerorload.Ashaftcanhaveanoroundcrosssection,antitneednotnecessarilyrotate.Itcanbestationaryandserveto(18)arotatingmember,suchastheshortshaftsthatsupportthenondrivingwheelsofanautomobile.Theshaftssupporting(19)gearscanbeeitherrotatingorstationarydependingon(20)thegearisattachedtotheshaftorsupportedbyitthroughbearings.Itisapparentthatshaftscanbesubjectedtovariouscombinationsofaxial,bending,and(21)loads,andthattheseloadsmaybestaticorfluctuating.Typically,arotatingshafttransmittingpoweris(22)toaconstanttorque(producingameantorsionalstress)togetherwithacompletelyreversedbendingload(producinganalternatingbendingstress).Inadditiontosatisfying(23)requirements,shaftsmustbedesignedsothatdeflectionsarewithinacceptablelimits.Excessive(24)shaftsdeflectioncanhampergearperformanceandcause(25)noise.Theassociatedangulardeflectioncanbeverydestructivetono-self-aligningbearings(eitherplainorrolling).(26)deflectioncanaffecttheaccuracyofacamorgeardrivenmechanism.Furthermore,thegreatertheflexibility-eitherlateralortorsional-thelowerthecorresponding(27)speed.考生注意：考試時間120分鐘試卷總分100分共5頁第1頁專業(yè)班級裝訂線學裝訂線姓名Sometimesmemberslikegearsandcamsaremade(28)withshaft,butmoreoftensuchmembers(whichalsoincludepulleys,sprockets,etc)aremadeseparatelyandthen(29)shaft.Theportionofthemountedmemberincontactwiththeshaftisthehub.Attachmentofthehubtotheshaftismadeinvarietyofways.Agearcanbegripped(30)betweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.Thegroovesintheshaftandhubintowhichthekeyfitsarecalledkeyways.16、A)cementB)attachedC)connectedD)concrete17、A)endureB)transmitC)serveD)connect18、A)supportB)meetC)satisfyD)strong19、A)aimsB)idlerC)terminalD)tomb20、A)duetoB)weatherC)whetherD)for21、A)elasticityB)torsionalC)inertiaD)acceleration22、A)subjectedB)…connectC)andD)From23、A)deeplyB)strengthC)clearlyunderstandD)longtime24、A)identifyB)crossC)roundD)lateral25、A)lucrativeB)objectionableC)attractableD)terrible26、A)MomentB)TormentC)TorsionalD)Movement27、A)highB)criticalC)firstD)important28、A)workB)idealizationC)integralD)simplification29、A)mountedontoB)refersC)referringtoD)indicates30、A)deformationsB)bendinglimitsC)laternalD)axially三、閱讀理解（在每個小題四個備選答案中選出一個正確答案，填在題頭的表中）（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，總計40分）Text1Engineeringdesignisasystematicprocessbywhichsolutiontotheneedsofhumankindareobtained.Theprocessisappliedtoproblems(needs)ofvaryingcomplexity.Forexample,mechanicalengineerswillusethedesignprocesstofindaneffective,efficientmethodtoconvertreciprocatingmotiontocircularmotionforthedrivetraininanintnternalcombustionengine;electricalengineerswillusetheprocesstodesignelectricalgeneratingsystemsusingfallingwaterasthepowersource;andmaterialsengineersusetheprocesstodesignablativematerialswhichenableastronautstosafelyreentertheearth’satmosphere.Thevastmajorityofcomplexproblemsintoday’shightechnologysocietydependforsolutionnotonasingleengineeringdiscipline,butonteamsofengineers,scientists,environmentalists,economists,sociologists,andlegalpersonnel.Solutionsarenotonlydependentregulationsandpoliticalinfluence.Asengineersweareempoweredwiththetechnicalexpertisetodevelopnewandimprovedproductsandsystems,butatthesametimewemustbeincreasinglyawareoftheimpactofouractionsonsocietyandtheenvironmentingeneralandworkconscientiouslytowardthebestsolutioninviewofallrelevantfactors.Designistheculminationofengineeringeducationalprocess;itisthesalientfeaturethatdistinguishesengineeringdesignisfoundinthecurriculumguidelinesoftheAccreditationBoardforEngineeringandTechnology(ABET).ABETaccreditscurriculainengineeringschoolsandderivesitsmembershipfromthevariousengineeringprofessionalsocieties.Eachaccreditedcurriculumhasawell-defineddesigncomponentwhichfallswithintheABETstatementondesignreadasfollows.Engineeringdesignistheprocessofdevisingasystem,component,orprocesstomeetdesiredneeds.Itisdecisionmakingprocess(ofteniterative),inwhichthebasicsciences,mathematics,andengineeringsciencesareappliedtoconvertresourcesoptimallytomeetasatedobjectivesandcriteria,synthesis,analysis,construction,testing,andevaluation.Theengineeringdesigncomponentofacurriculummustincludemostofthefollowingfeatures:developmentofstudentcreativity,useofopen-endedproblemstatementanduseofmoderndesigntheoryandmethodology,formulationofdesignproblemstatementandspecification,considerationofalternativesolutions,feasibilityconsiderations,productionprocess,concurrentengineeringdesign,anddetailedsystemdescriptions.Further,itisessentialtoincludeavarietyofrealisticconstraintssuchaseconomicfactors,safety,reliability,aesthetics,ethics,andsocialimpact.31、what’sthemainmeaningofmessage(1)?A)EngineeringdesignisasystematicprocessB)materialsengineer’smainworkC)mechanicalengineer’shasgoodideaD)electricalengineer’mainduty32、Intheauthor’sopinion,thedesignprocessisverycomplexandshouldtakenintoaccountmanyfactors,fromthemessagewhoshouldNOTjoinintothedesignteam_______.A)environmentalists,B)sociologistsC)engineersD)Governmentofficials33、Fromthemessage,wecanknowthemeaningofwords“ABET”(atlinethirdparagraph)is_____.A)asetofaccreditsstandardB)akindofdesignmethodC)adepartmentofUSgovernmentwhichresponsibleforengineeringdesignD)Asetoflaw34、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatintheexerciseandtrainingofstudent,whichcharacterofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthecurriculum______.A)creativityB)newmaterialC)ethicsD)economicfactors35、Thetitleofthemessageis______.A)therolesofengineersinmanufacturingB)theimportanceofmechanicaldesignC)engineeringdesignD)TheprocessofmachinedesignTEXT2Workingdrawingsarethecompletesetofstandardizeddrawingsspecifyingthemanufactureandassemblyofaproductbasedonitsdesign.Thecomplexityofthedesigndeterminesthenumberandtypesofdrawings.Workingdrawingsmaybeonmorethanonesheetandmaycontainwritteninstructionscalledspecifications.Workingdrawingsareblueprintsusedformanufacturingproducts.Therefore,thesetofdrawingsmust:(a)completelydescribetheparts,bothvisuallyanddimensionally;(b)showthepartsinassembly;(3)identifyalltheparts;and(4)specifystandardparts.Thegraphicsandtextinformationmustbesufficientlycompleteandaccuratetomanufactureandassembletheproductwithouterror.共5頁第2頁專業(yè)班級裝訂線學裝訂線姓名Generally,acompletesetofWorkingdrawingsforanassemblyincludes:(1)Detaildrawingsofeachnonstandardparts.(2)Anassemblyorsubassemblydrawingshowingallthestandardandnonstandardpartsinasingledrawing.(3)Abillofmaterials(BOM).(4)Atitleblock.Adetaildrawingisadimensioned,multiviewdrawingofasinglepart,describingthepart’sshape,size,material,andsurfaceroughness,insufficientdetailfortheparttobemanufacturedbasedonthedrawingalone.Detaildrawingsareproducedfromdesignsketchesorextractedfrom3-Dcomputermodels.TheyadherestrictlytoANSIstandardsandthestandardforthespecificcompany,fordimensioning,assigningpartnumbers,notes,tolerances,etc.Inanassembly,standardpartssuchasthreadedfastenersandbearingsarenotdrawnasdetails,butareshownintheassemblyview.Standardpartsarenotdrawnasdetailsbecausetheyarenormallypurchased,notmanufactured,forassembly.Forlargeassembliesorassembledwithlargeparts,detailsaredrawnonmultiplesheets,andaseparatesheetisusedfortheassemblyview.Iftheassemblyissimpleorthepartsaresmall,detaildrawingsforeachpartofanassemblycanbeplacedonasinglesheet.Multipledetailsonasheetareusuallydrawnatthesamescale.Ifdifferentscalesareused,theyareclearlymarkedundereachdetail.Also,whenmorethanonedetailisplacedonasheet,thespacingbetweendetailsiscarefullyplanned,includingleavingsufficientroomfordimensionsandnotes.36.Basedonthemessage,whichofthefollowiswrong?A)standardpartsneedn’tdrawnasdetailsB)forsimpleparts,sometimesneedn’ttodrawthedetailworkingdrawingC)forlargeassembliesdetailsmaydrawnonmultiplesheetsD)Ifdifferentscalesusedinasinglesheet,theyshouldclearlymarkedundereachdetail37.WorkingdrawingsforanassemblyMAYNOTincludes:?A)BOMB)titleblockC)AnassemblyorsubassemblydrawingD)Detaildrawingsofallparts.38.Fordetaildrawing,Whichoneofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?A)shouldnothasdifferentscalesB)Detaildrawingcanproducedfromdesignsketchesorextractedfrom3-Dcomputermodels.C)detaildrawingisadimensioned,multiviewdrawingofasinglepartD)shouldAdherestrictlytoANSIstandards39.FromthemessagewecaninferANSIis?A)asetoflawB)asetofnotificationC)anOrganizationD)IEEEgovernment40.Thetopicofthemessageis?A)Howtodesignworkingdrawings.B)workingdrawing’scharacterandthekeyinfluenceofhowtodrawaworkingdrawingC)Inthedesignprocess,whatshouldbeconsidered?D)WhatisworkingdrawingTEXT3Oneprincipleaimofkinematicsistocreate(design)thedesiredmotionsofthesubjects’mechanicalpartsandthenmathematicallycomputethepositions,velocities,andaccelerations,whichthosewillcreateontheparts.Since,formostearthboundmechanicalsystems,themassremainsessentiallyconstantwithtime,definingtheaccelerationsasafunctionoftimethenalsodefinesthedynamicforcesasafunctionoftime.Stresses,inturn,willbeafunctionofbothappliedandinertial(ma)forces.Sinceengineeringdesignischargedwithcreatingsystemswhichwillnotfailduringtheirexpectedservicelife,thegoalistokeepstresseswithinacceptablelimitsforthematerialschosenandtheenvironmentalconditionsencountered.Thisobviouslyrequiresthatallsystemforcesbedefinedandkeptwithindesiredlimits.Inmachinery,thelargestforcesencounteredareoftenthoseduetothedynamicsofthemachineitself.Thesedynamicforcesareproportionaltoacceleration,whichbringsusbacktokinematics,thefoundationofmechanicaldesign.Verybasicandearlydecisioninthedesignprocessinvolvingkinematicprinciplescanbecrucialtothesuccessofanymechanicaldesign;adesignwhichhaspoorkinematicswillprovetroublesomeandperformbadly.Anymechanicalsystemcanbeclassifiedaccordingtothenumberofdegreeoffreedom(DOF)whichitprocesses.Thesystem’sDOFisequaltothenumberofindependentparameterswhichareneededtouniquelydefineitspositioninspaceatanyinstantoftime.Arigidbodyfreetomovewithinareferenceframewill,inthegeneralcase,hascomplexmotion,whichisasimultaneouscombinationofrotationandtranslation.Inthree-dimensionalspace,theremayberotationaboutanyaxisandalsosimultaneoustranslationwhichcanberesolvedintocomponentsalongthreeaxes.Inaplane,ortwo-dimensionalspace,complexmotionbecomesacombinationofsimultaneousrotationaboutoneaxis(perpendiculartotheplane)andalsotranslationresolvedintocomponentsalongtwoaxesintheplane41、KinematicsresearchfocusonthefollowingEXCEPT______..A)accelerationsB)forceC)positions,D)velocities42、Fromthepassagethatforthedesignengineerthefirstandmostimportantis____A)theservicelifeofamachineB)thematerialschooseC)thedegreeoffreedomD)kinematicprinciples43、Anmechanicalsystemhasuniquelydefinedpositioninspaceatanyinstantoftimethat___.A)ItshouldhasoneDOFB)ItshouldHastwoDOFC)theDOFandthenumberofindependentparametersshouldequalD)ItshouldhasanyDOFaswant44、whichoneofthefollowingisNOTTRUE_______?.A)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacemayrotationaboutanyaxisB)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspaceisasimultaneouscombinationofrotationandtranslationC)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacecanberesolvedintocomponentsalongthreeaxesD)Arigidbodyfreetomoveinthree-dimensionalspacemayhascomplexmotion45、Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.A)kinematicsB)dynamicsC)kinematicsanddynamicD)theimportantofkinematics共5頁第3頁專業(yè)班級裝訂線學裝訂線姓名四、英譯漢（共20分）1．將下列英語句子譯成漢語（共5小題，每小題2分）（1）Aperfectlyrigidorinextensiblelinkcanexistonlyasatextbooktypeofmodelofarealmachinemember.（2）Foundationsshouldensurethemachine’sstiffness;shockabsorptionandisolationaresecondaryconsiderations.(3)Thus,ifamechanicalcomponentsuchasaspringissubjectedtorepetitiveorcyclicalapplicationsofstresslevelsmuchlowerthantheultimatestrength,itwillfractureafteralargenumberofrepetitionsofthisstress.（4）Interchangeabilitymeansthatidenticalpartsmustbeinterchangeable,i.e.,abletoreplaceeachother,whetherduringassemblyorsubsequentmaintenancework;withouttheneedforanyfittingoperations.（5）Agearcanbegrippedaxiallybetweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.2、將下段英語翻譯成漢語（10分）Aswelookaroundusweseeaworldfullof“things”,machines,devices,tools,thingsthatwehavedesigned,built,andused;thingsmadeofwood,metals,ceramics,andplastics.Weknowfromexperiencethatsomethingsarebetterthanothers;theylastlonger,costless,arequieter,orareeasetouse.Ideally,however,everysuchitemhasbeendesignedaccordingtosomesetof“functionalrequirements”asperceivedbythedesigners—thatis,ithsbeendesignedsoastoanswerthequestion,“exactlywhatfunctionshoulditperform?”Intheworldofengineering,themajorfunctionfrequentlyistosupportsometypeofloadingduetoweight,inertia,pressure,etc.五、英譯漢（共20分）1、將下列句子譯成英語（共5小題，每小題2分）（1）一個或多個諸如齒輪，鏈輪，皮帶輪和凸輪等類的構件通常借助于銷、鍵、花鍵、卡環(huán)或其它裝置連接到軸上。（2）運動學僅研究機構的運動，而不考慮作用在機構上的力。（3）工程上的許多問題在其本質(zhì)上是非線性的，也就是說恢復力并不與位移成正比，而且阻尼力也不與速度的一次方成正比。（4）在物體上所畫的一條基準線，只會改變他的位置，而不會改變他的角度方向。（5）當一個裝置意外地失效后，通常需要進行研究工作，來找出失效的原因和確定可能的改正措施。2.將下段漢語翻譯成英語（10分）密度：材料的密度是指單位體積材料的質(zhì)量。另外一個術語是比重，其表示某種材料的密度與水的密度的比值，因此，比重沒有單位。對于如飛機和航天結構、汽車車體和部件，以及其他一些產(chǎn)品，當能量消耗和動力限制是主要考慮的因素時，減輕重量尤其重要。在設計先進的設備與機器和設計諸如汽車等消費品的過程中，采用新的替代材料來減輕重量和降低成本是一個應該著重考慮的問題共5頁第4頁專業(yè)英語參考答案及評分標準（重修）選擇題:（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，總計15分）1-5：BCDCB6-10：ACBCA11-15DACAB二、完形填空：（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，總計15分）16-20：BDABC21-25：BABDB26-30：CBCAD三、閱讀理解：（本大題共20小題，每小題2分，總計40分）31-35：ADABC36-40：BCACD41-45：BDCAC四、翻譯（滿分40分）1、英譯漢，(共5小題，每小題2分)（1）Aperfectlyrigidorinextensiblelinkcanexistonlyasatextbooktypeofmodelofarealmachinemember.一個絕對剛性或者不可伸長的構件只能作為真實機器零件在教科書中的模型而存在。（2）Foundationsshouldensurethemachine’sstiffness;shockabsorptionandisolationaresecondaryconsiderations.基礎應該保證機器的剛度，減震和隔離是次要的考慮事項。(3)Thus,ifamechanicalcomponentsuchasaspringissubjectedtorepetitiveorcyclicalapplicationsofstresslevelsmuchlowerthantheultimatestrength,itwillfractureafteralargenumberofrepetitionsofthisstress.因此，像彈簧這樣的機械零件，在比其極限強度低很多的重復應力或周期性應力下，經(jīng)過很多次的重復作用之后也會發(fā)生斷裂.（4）Interchangeabilitymeansthatidenticalpartsmustbeinterchangeable,i.e.,abletoreplaceeachother,whetherduringassemblyorsubsequentmaintenancework;withouttheneedforanyfittingoperations.互換性意味著在相同的零件之間必須能夠進行互換。無論是在裝配時還是在其后的維修時，這些零件都可以互相取代而不需任何修配工作。（5）Agearcanbegrippedaxiallybetweenashoulderontheshaftandaspacer,withtorquebeingtransmittedthroughakey.一個齒輪可以用軸肩和擋圈進行軸向固定，并通過鍵來傳遞。2、英譯漢，10分Aswelookaroundusweseeaworldfullof“things”,machines,devices,tools,thingsthatwehavedesigned,built,andused;thingsmadeofwood,metals,ceramics,andplastics.Weknowfromexperiencethatsomethingsarebetterthanothers;theylastlonger,costless,arequieter,orareeasetouse.Ideally,however,everysuchitemhasb