英語閱讀理解正確項與干擾項的特點

高考英語閱讀解專題復習第一節(jié)

正確選項往往是根據(jù)原文的詞或句進行語意轉換一般來說,閱理解測試中要求找出主要事實特定細節(jié)的問,在章中均可找到回答是需要注意的是,這些問題的表述常常不是采用文章中的原話而根據(jù)原文的詞或句進行語意轉換。一、利用原文詞句的同義詞句或相似結構，轉換表達形式?！究祭縎hrilkinventorssaid.fromwhichitisplentifulinnature,foundineverythingfromshells,bodiestoplants.makesshrilklowcost,productionshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotmaterial.(2012湖南卷篇68.Accordingtotheinventors,shrilkgreatpotentialbecause_____.itcanhelpplasticdegrade

itbeinthingsC.massbeenrawmaterialsabundantmature【考例】showthatEasternersWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslooktheeyesandthemouthequalmeasure,whereasEasternersfavortheand忽略themouth(2010湖卷篇)Thethat_______.equaltoeyesandtheexpressionsuniversallyC.observeeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysmoredifficultyinfacial二、利用原文詞句的反義詞或相反結構，轉換表達形式?！究祭縔etthat,increasinglyunpopularamongchildren.Accordingtostatisticsin199723%saidtheydidn’treadingin2003,did.Andaround6%ofchildrenprimaryunable（2007山B）suggested_______.increasedwiththeanumberofinterestinC.minorityofschoolchildrenproperlyaofreadregularly【考例4Iputonflashlights,Iwassayingtootherdrivers,“Ihaveproblemhere.IweakdoingthebestIcan.”Andeveryoneunderstood.…insteadofgettingimpatientandangry,

theyknowingdriverinwasinsomeway廣東卷A)Whatdidtheothertheflashlights?pass.TheywithC.besttohelp.putontheirtoo.三、通過詞性變化，轉換表達的形式【考例】ZackHocking,theofTrustFunds,said:possiblethatgoodthingtoarisethedownturnwillbeagenerationthat’sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirthroughtimeseconomicuncertainty.”（2009山）AccordingtoHocking,crisismighttheinB.toequipmentC.confidentcareersgetinChildTrustFunds四、使用原文的詞句的上下義結構，轉換表達形式?！究祭縐niversity7%lastyear,butwererisesaboveaverageinsubjects.Nursingjump,peoplerenewedinterestincareersinthepubicsector(部)whichseenmoresecureineconomic山東D)inpublicmoreattractivebecause.B.C.D.betterreputation第二節(jié)英語讀理解干擾項的置特點分析通過分析干擾項的設置特點可以為我們提供思考的方向。常用的干擾手段有哪些。干擾項的如特點：(一偷換柱。擾項用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個詞匯，造成句意的改變。【考例】(2011南卷A篇firstVanakRestaurantlooklikemucharestaurant,theof（肉串）hitareofcallingitless.byalocalcouple,restaurantaninviting,homelikeatmospherethatrestaurantsThewithadiningnearlybutistruly56.firstenteringrestaurant,findthatsplendidlydecoratedB.hasofkabobsC.iscrowdedwithdiningtablesD.lookslikearestaurant【考例】(2011南卷A篇Athatofmensittinginloudlytopics,watchingnewseventsTV,drinkingateachai,readingallwhiletryingofftheirpiledwithfood..57.Whatactivityismentionedapartfromdininginrestaurant?

WatchingnewsonTVB.DrinkingkindofblackC.localEnglishD.Discussingworldinlow(二在理判斷利用詞的表面意義來設置干擾推理判斷要求在理解原文表面信息的基礎上，做出一定的判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義，要注意不能以文字的表面含義代替推理?！究祭浚?010湖南卷BButshehasn'twhatteaches.herbook,thatwhenreceivedtwopiecesoflife-changingFirst,shethebabyshecarrying,testsshehaddiabetes.Inachildlikeshethehospitalandtreatedherselfboxofdoughnuts(甜圈)wouldpassbeforesherealizedshegrow——notletitcontrolher.Onlydidshekickherthree-pack-a-dayaddictionalcohol,begintoabalanceddiet.Maryreceivedthenews,she_________.lostbeganabalanceddietC.triedtogetainadult【考例】…McKayrecordsdestroyedduringaWarairbombingonanforwhywasallforgotten.Butnow,thankstheofBroadandhisstudents,ainMcKayplacedontheuniversitygroundsinNovember2007.“IfoundmyeyesfillingwithtearsasIreadtheword‘deceased陣)tohis”saidCoreyEverrettastudentwhoofinuniform.“Thissuchsimpleoffactthathehadbeenstudentjustlikeus,butinsteadoffinishinghistimeatWestern,hechosetoandforhiscountry.”(2009湖卷WethatMcKay________.fighttohisstudyB.warbeforeC.leftforCoreyEverrettD.setforfellowstudents【考例】(2009北AyearsPaulGernergatherinLasaskthemitdesignapublicthatpercentlesstoobviouslystudentlearning.”Ithinkhalfofthemfelloffchairs,Gernersays.HowdidthearchitectsreactGarnerdesignrequirementsinB.theyshoweddisbelief.C.ocheers.【考例】IheardelephantasthoughLookingdown,Iwrong,edgenearbank.IsawMa

withherthree-month-oldcalfintheitwasaHercalfwasfloatingandscreamingwithfear.……ThenwithahugeshepickedituphertrunkandtrieduntilwastoplacenarrowshelfofJustthisbackintotheIfweredown,itbecertainIknew,asshethatwasspotshebank,itherWhileIwhatIcoulddonext,heardthesoundof’slove.MaShwerivergotupbankandmakingbackasfastcould,吼叫)alltime,buttoit(2009寧夏Howfeelaboutmotherelephant'sroaring?Itwasagreatcomfort.B.ItaC.ItwasacallforD.Itwasamusicalnote.（三）以偏概全。把文章中的事實和細節(jié)當主旨，把片面的、次要的觀點當成主要觀點。在猜文章或段落大意、標題以及釋義題中，干擾項總是以偏概全，具體表現(xiàn)(1)把文章中的次要觀點、細節(jié)混進體現(xiàn)文章主要觀點、中心思想的選項論混進選項）把段落的主旨當作文章的主旨。【考例】

把超過文章討論的東西亦作為歸納或結Theresimpleprincipletodetermineprices.Itcalledthelawofanddemand.Supplytheof,oraccesscertaingoods.DemandrepresentsnumberofwantthoseIftheremorethanpriceofthemOnotherhand,ifthedemandforgoodsgreaterthanOfcoursemanufacturersprefersellmorepurposeofthistellthat_______.EconomicLawofandC.MoreD.HigherPrices【考例】Therenoconnectionbetweensymbolthatwhichitstandsassocialsymbolizedonthebygoldonwatchorbythousandthingstothewelivetheofbythousandaccordingtotheculturelivein.北京D)Whatfrom2?Differentmeandifferentthings.Ourculturewhatafor.C.Thelanguagepositions.Ourpositionswaywe【考例】ItseemsthattheEnglishmenjustlivesportsofkind.A

humoristoncethatbecausetheinsistonbehavingliketheirlives.Wherevergointhiscountry,youwillbothgrown-upsknockingballaboutwithorasifinmenalwayswomengirls!Still,itcanexercise,it?ThepurposeofParagraph1istellusEnglish_______.allloversbehavelikechildrenC.liketokickaaroundD.youngexercise(四張李戴個事物的特征說成是另一個事物的特征倒(把因說成果說因)；把他人的觀點說成是作者的觀點。命題者把文章作者的觀點與他人的觀點混淆起來，題干問的作者的觀點，選項中出現(xiàn)的卻是他人的觀點；或者題干問的是他人的觀點，卻把作者的觀點放選項中去?！究祭縴ears，whenIfreshofandworkingDenver，wasdrivingtomyparents’homeinforChristmas.Istoppedatagas加站fromOklahomaCity，Iplanningtostopandvisitafriend.WhileIincash收臺Ihellotoanoldercouplealsofor全國A)TheauthortostopCity________.tovisitfriendB.toseehisC.payregisterD.tomorefor【考例】itneedsoxygenandusesup（airinactssealthesonomorecaninside.airinsidethebottle.airpressuremustairfromoutsideoutsideairagainsttheeggandeggispushedintotheprovesairisallanditpressingit.Intheexperiment,theinsidebottleinsideandB.aintheneckbottleC.finishinsidetheoxygenthebottle【考例】Onesurgeonitruleatminutesongeneralreadingbeforenight.hewenttobedat10p.m.ornodifference.Evenifyoukeepkindofdiscipline,itagoodyoualwayshaveainterestinyourpocket.Don’tforgetshouldabookentertainstheEnglishmustnotforThefamoussurgeoninthe____.makeitaruleateveryinthehabitofdoingregularnobusyare

C.alwaysanbookinhabituallybedlate【考例】AyearAugust,DavejobdrivingaforainwestHiswife,Gerrie,wasworkingthelocalschoolworkforDavewasandtheofeverythingrising.TheFussesatriskofthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinreceived—＄legacy(遺產theirIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident“Itmadedifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially.says(2009山東A)AccordinggotheFusses__________.employedbyaB.indifficultyC.workedinhome【考例】Thisisnotasurprisepublichealthadvocates.Theystudiedtheeffectofstatetaxincreasesforfindingespeciallyteens,pricesensitive.NoritshocktothewhichfiercelyfightseveryTheonlywonderinsistonmessage.Tobaccohealth,theymoneyandmostparticularly,peoplefromtakinghabitasteens,iswhenallareaddicted.rateoftaxationwidely.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisasurprise?C）Teenpricesensitive.stateskeeptaxlow.C.improvepublichealth.Tobaccoindustryfiercelyfightstherise.（五）正反倒置．把事實發(fā)生的順序顛倒【考例】autobiography,AfterAll,herlessaward-winningactressandaboutlivingwithdiabetes糖病.AllthethefortheDiabetesansheservesasinternationalchairman.felttherewasaforabooklike”shesays.“Ilecture,butIotherdiabeticsbetterwhenwe'reself-controlleddoourinmanagingthedisease.”(2010湖南卷B)Weknowthat1995Mary__________.hadtwopublishedawardsC.knewhowtoD.theJDRFwriting．把事物的正面影響或負面影響反過來說?！究祭?】Wehave.WehimatapetWhenmonkey-pox,adiseaseusuallyfoundtheAfricanrainforest,suddenlyturnsupinAmerican’snotwonderthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsisinbeings.

“Mostthe（染wethinkofasinfectionsstartedinotheranimalssaysStephenMorseCenterPublicHealthPreparednessatUniversity.（寧夏）IpetcomefromB.preventinfectedC.enjoybeingwithchildrensufferfrommonkey-pox【考例3】Asitneedsoxygenuses（airinactsassealthesomoreairinside.Thisreducesinsidebottle.Theairpressuremustequalize,somoreairfromenterTheoutsidetheeggtheneggpushedThethatairallitisdownit.Intheexperiment,theinsidebottleinsideandB.aintheneckbottleC.finishinsidetheoxygenthebottle．因倒把因說成果，把果說成)【考例】IflookforbookaspresentforYouwillbespoiledforchoiceinyeartherenewHarryPotter.Rowlingwizardisnotalone:thepastdecadehasharvestforgoodchildren’sbooks,whichhasoffaquantityoffilmsandsalesofsuchasThelardof山B)WhichofthefollowingisParagraph1?A.children’sbooksbeenadaptedfromfilms.high-children’sbookshavebeenpublished.C.ThesalesofhaveofThesalesofforchildrenhave【考例】徽Aiscoveredtalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallquiteequallytheyearandtherarelydroppingl6℃Rainforestsgreateffectworldenvironmentintheandadjusttheclimate.forestcovertheseareasmoreheatintotheatmospherewarmingtheoftheLosingmayalsorainfallpatterns，potentiallyallovercanhelpadjustthebecause.reflectheatintothebringrainfallthroughouttheC.temperaturetolowerl6℃reducetheheatfromtheontheearth．把作者觀點的反面說成是作者的觀點【考例】InoflowacademicbyintheUnitedJapan,countryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuc