細胞結(jié)構(gòu)英文

CELLSStructureandFunctionCell=smallestunitoflifeFeaturesoftheHumanCell

ActinfilamentsNuclearEnvelopeCytoplasmIntermediatefilamentsMicrotubulesVesicleChromatinCentriolesCentrosomeLysosomeGolgiapparatusPolyribosomeMitochondrionRibosomesSmoothERRoughERNucleolusNucleusCytoskeletonEndoplasmic

ReticulumOrganizationoftheCellPlasmaMembrane

boundarysurroundingthecellGeneticmaterial:DNAlocatedinamembrane-boundnucleus

foreukaryoticcellsCytoplasmSemi-fluidmatrixcontainingenzymes

andorganelles

(enzyme=biologicalcatalyst)Cytoskeletonnetworkoffilamentsandtubulesincytoplasmthatmaintainscellshape,allowsmovementFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)PlasmaMembrane1.Regulatespassageofmaterialsintoandoutofcell2.Cell-CellRecognitionFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)NucleusCarrierofgeneticmaterialDNA+protein=chromatin2.Governscellactivities3.DirectscellreproductionSurroundedbyMembrane=nuclearenvelopeContainsnucleolus—producesribosomesFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)RibosomesSiteofproteinsynthesisCanbefreeincytoplasmorattachedtomembranesFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)RoughEndoplasmicReticulum(RER)ProducesproteinsPreparesproteinsforexportSmoothEndoplasmicReticulum(SER)LipidSynthesisDrugdetoxificationTransportofproteinsfromRERRERSERFunctionsofCellFeaturesStructureFunction(s)GolgiApparatusCollects,modifies,packagesanddistributesproteinsandlipidsfromERFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)LysosomeContainsdigestiveenzymestodigestfoodinprotistsordestroyagingorganellesEndomembraneSystemRough

Endoplasmic

ReticulumSmooth

Endoplasmic

ReticulumVesicleGolgi

ApparatusVesicleLysosomeVesiclePlasmaMembraneFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunctionPeroxisomeRemovesharmfuloxidantsfromcellsFunctionsofCellFeatures

StructureFunctionMitochondrionCapturesenergyfromorganicmolecules,producingATPFunctionsof

CellFeatures

StructureFunction(s)CytoskeletonMaintainscellshapeAnchorsorganellesandproteinsAllowsfororganellemovement

andcellularmovementinsomecelltypesFunctionsofCellFeaturesStructureFunctionCentrioleGivesrisetobasalbodiesthatproduceciliaorflagellaFunctionsofCellFeaturesStructureFunctionCentrosomeOrganizesmicrotubulesthatattachtochromosomesinnucleardivisionFu浙nc戴ti喂on歡s曲of宣C竿el疤l武Fe倉at撞ur簡esStructureFunction(s)CiliaandFlagellaMovesubstancesacrosscellsurfaceinlungs,fallopiantubes

CellmovementinspermCo堪nn什ec悶ti生on跳s六Be裁tw點ee支n封Ce費ll抗sTightJunction:joiningofproteins

createsimpermeablebarrierGapJunction:adjacentchannels

allowcommunicationAdhesionJunction:filamentsofcytoskeletonconnectcells,allowstretchFu養(yǎng)nc印ti爹on芽s到of徑P桌la磁sm坊a普Me押mb體ra乖ne牢C圖om盆po筆ne士nt潛sOu溪ts禁id棄eIn伏si容depl巧as陰ma乎m垃em紐奉br厚an膀epr卵ot疼ei膜nsfi俗la寧me笑nt長s通of網(wǎng)c苦yt絕os侵ke芬le不to慘nch眨ol薦es德te秀ro付lca含rb皮oh翅yd母ra洗tech她ai隱nhy踩dr鍛op脾ho串bi鑼cta隆il處sph拼op昨sp暖ho攪li永pi光dbi成la掠ye擠rhy偏dr軍op該hi洪li梯che納ad確sRegulatesfluidityTransport,signalreception,recognitionCell-cellrecognitionControls

accessDi絲式ff拼us高io惕n:切M你ov紀em敘en療t魄fr娃om干f扣ro分m蛇hi販gh腐lo崖wco限nc四en荒tr礎at衡io純nto哀r般ea粗ch擁e討qu好al篇d導is燈tr經(jīng)ib陳ut認io犁nma豆cr夸om垂ol者ec簡ul缸eH2Oaq隱ua翼po托ri洲npr遭ot暈ei伴nch共ar繁ge遍d著mo胖le羊cu擁le足s追an茶d背io告nsun秀ch挪ar阻ge錯dmo逢le鍵cu斯le殃sph棍os延ph株ol葵ip貴idmo咳le逼cu孫le+--+Freelydiffusethrough

phospholipidbilayerDiffusesthroughpores

inmembraneproteinsOs葬mo上si問s:璃D棗if吼fu妖si賺on僅o善f值Wa狠te塌r譜Ac屬ro日ss滾a般S饞el挨ec碑ti介ve古ly堵P央er逼me城ab董le肺M鴨em扣br斑an孫eIsotonicsolution

maintainscell

shapeCellsgainwaterina

Hypotonic(lowersalt)

solutionCellslosewaterina

Hypertonic(highersalt)solutionMe絲式mb少ra簡ne舒i娃s沒pe沙rm饒ea曠bl透e鍛to融w綠at坦er欣o腸nl狡y,敢n糞et剛m蛋ov扶em栽en眨t上of抄w兄at抵er拿t寺o被in醋si舞deEq混ua境l粗mo掘ve亞me容nt霜i碎nt何o鉛an讓d竊ou擾t恩of令c麗el衰l蒸wh辣en書e絞qu亞il朵ib嗓ri鵝um焰i賺s葵re葬ac帆he繡dFa縫ci雜li但ta褲te鴉d促Tr浴an升sp命or嚷t:Us口e瘡of校C筐ar餡ri梨er撫s地to鼻A通ss跌is沉t悅wi較th老D付if舒fu貸si訴onOu經(jīng)ts氏id偽eK+Na+Na+In吐si拴degl逐uc展os嫁eca肢rr織ie燃r循pr咐ot著ei覺nAc親ti哪ve例T喜ra普ns謀po膏rt盜w賽it司h夢Pr貌ot債ei甲n遣Ca峰rr這ie方r:食R野eq趨ui便re節(jié)s膠en墊er浴gy割t嚷o流tr墓an賤sp蛋or天t滔fr威om喪l瞧ow掉hi租ghco畢nc幫en蠅tr噸at逐io測nIn寒si謝deOu換ts米id笑eK+K+K+K+K+PNa+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+Na+AT泄PAD泥PTr誤an挽sp桃or境ti棋ng走L蛇ar蕩ge蓄S京ub捧st歉an匹ce地sEn猶do支cy初to位si臉sEx歷oc套yt悄os脾isve陸si券cl色eve隨si置cl谷eFormationofavesiclefromtheplasmamembranetotakeinlargesubstancesFusionofavesiclewiththeplasmamembranetoreleaselargesubstancesSu銳mm權(quán)ar尼y扭of禍T方ra喪ns畢po昌rt品M旁ec動ha舅ni繡sm沸sPa委ss該iv粗e:Do剩n住ot屈r燙eq擴ui傲re葡e劈燕ne財rg周y醫(yī)in沉pu籌tDi添ff買us膏io泛nOs籌mo概si膚sFa事ci壤li貓ta筒te烈d論Tr衣an功sp鹽or肌tAc復ti悅ve滋:Re野qu景ir筑e賞en本er幟gy崇i粒np社utAc脫ti滲ve暑T柿ra崇ns怪po季rtEn蝴do汽cy竹to柜si省sEx銳oc尊yt肌os竟isCe壘ll目ul滿ar掠R葬es氧pi杏ra救ti忍on倒:說P紛ro妥du改ci句ng艷A聞TP催f律ro廚m墾Gl夠uc悟os立eGl景yc擔ol幅ys淚isgl登uc脈os造egl填uc北os告emi批to炕ch沙on愛dr如io臺nox何yg曠enpy氣ru逆va差te2322AT閣PIn盾si疑de兄c稈el碰lOu浮ts頁id假e旺ce駛llel輕ec憑tr輔on邊str落an耽sf消er往re印dby醋N鄉(xiāng)豐AD帳Hel跑ec區(qū)tr桶on竊str粗an兼sf芹er奶re炸dby敗N遇AD幟HCi您tr露icac剝idcy溜cl質(zhì)eEl哲ec競tr患onTr貢an住sp鈔or賣t銅ch涼ai娘nAT蛋PAT壺PRe滅qu倍ir皆es最O聾xy壤ge狡nEnergyYieldfromGlucoseWi撤th高ou積t稼Ox慨yg移en密,攪Fe見rm絞en寄ta喜ti事on南O氏cc刑ur源swheno