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giveitatry試一試monotonous單調的spectacularity壯麗getaninsightinto洞悉vigorandvitality ListeningSectionWBuyany?Igotfiveofthem.Theyweresuchagoodbargain.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheA)Theycameinfivedifferent C)Theywereaverygood Theyweregoodvaluefor D)Theyweresoldoutvery【預測】選項中出現了colors,value,design,soldout等,可以推測內容可能與購物有關。此外,四個選項均以they開頭,且四個選項的內容分別涉及商品的顏色、價值、設計和銷售速度,可以推測本題與為毛線衣物有所值,故本題答案為B)。原文:W:Ihavetroubleconcentratingwhenmyroommatetalkssoloudonherphone.M:Whydon’tyoujustaskhertolowerhervoice?Q:WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanA)AskherroommatenottospeakloudlyontheAskherroommatetomakeherphonecallsGoandfindaquietercetoreviewherReportherproblemtothedorm【預測】選項中出現了roommate,nottospeakloudly,phone,problem等,以及根據各選項意思,可以推 ,故本題答案為A)。原文:WWendy’sinthebasementtryingtofixthewashingmachine.M:Shouldn’tshebeworkingonherannualreport?Q:WhatdoesthemanA)ThewashingmachineistotallybeyondHewillhelpWendyprepareherannualWendyshouldgiveprioritytowritingherThewashingmachineshouldbechecked【預測】選項中出現了washingmachine,repair,report等,可以推測可能與修洗衣機或寫報告有關。另外,選項B)、C)都出現了Wendy,可以推測中提及了Wendy。。此可知,男士認為溫迪應該首先寫報告,故本題答案為C)。。原文:WWhathappenedtothepaintingthatusedtobeontheM:Itfelldownandtheglassbroke.I’mhavingitQ:WhatdowelearnfromtheA)ThemanfelldownwhenremovingtheThewallwillbedecoratedwithanewThewomanlikesthepaintingontheThepaintingisnowbeing【預測】四個選項中均出現了painting—詞,由此推測內容與畫有關,結合B)、D)中的decorated這幅畫正在被重新裝裱,故本題答案為D)。原文:M:Youmusthaveleftthecamerainthemarket.It’saveryexpensivecamerayouknow.W:ButIlyouthatIdidn’ttakeit.Irememberclearlythatyouputitonthedressingtable.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheA)Itmustbe C)ThemantookittotheItwasleftinthe D)Sheceditonthedressing【預測四個選項中均出現了it,由此推測內容與一件物品有關另外根據四個選項中的missing,room,market,dressingtable等可以推測問題和這件物品的位置有關,聽音時應重點聽關于這件物品位置的【精析】)。男士說一定是將相機落在集市里了說她清晰地記得男士把它在梳妝臺上了由可,為相被在間了,本答為。原文:WThereisagoodcomedyonattheTheatreRoyalnextSaturday.Ifyoulike,Icanbookfourseatsforus.M:Allright.I’llaskJanetifsheisthen.I’llletyouknowtomorrow.Q:WhatdoesthewomansuggesttheydonextSaturday?A)Gotoa C)BooksomeB)Meet D)Haveaget-【預測】選項中出現了ay,meet,tickets,get-together等,可以推測內容可能與出行計劃有關。聽音案為A)。7.原文:W:We’veopenedthefirstbox.Look!SomeofthesebooksareM:Theyshould’veusedwaterproofwraps.Whatarewegoingtodoaboutit?Ifstoolatetoorderre-Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheA)Oneboxofbooksisfound C)RecementshavetobeB)Someoftheboxesarrivedtoo D)Someofthebooksare【預測】選項中出現了books,boxes等,可以推測內容與箱子里的書有關。另外,根據missing,recements和damaged可以推測,題目可能與書的狀況有關,聽音時應重點關注書的狀況部分,特別是已經晚了。由此可知,一些書已經毀壞掉了,故本題答案為D)。原文:W:ProfessorJohnsonsaidyoucanpickupyourtermpaperatheroffice.M:Soshehasgradedit?Q:WhatcanweinferfromtheA)ThemanwillpickupProfessorJohnsonatherThemandidnotexpecthispapertobegradedsoProfessorJohnsonhasgiventhemanaveryhighProfessorJohnsonwilltalktoeachstudentinher【預測】四個選項中有三項提到了ProfessorJohnson,推測中提到了此人。選項中出現了paper,graded,student等,可以推測內容可能與學生的分數有關。另外,A)、B)、C)三個選項中都出現了theman,因此可以推測本題與男士的分數有關。。,【精析】B)提到教授說男士可以去她拿了,男士問道:她已經打完分了?由此可知,男士未預料到他的這么快就打完分了,故本題答案為B)。。,Conversation9-11.原文W:CanIhelpM:Well,I’mnotsure.Ihopeso.(9)Yousee,actuallyFmgettingmarriedsoon,andmyfriendswanttobuymepresentsandthings.W:AndyouwouldlikesomethingsfortheM:Yes,that’sright.IthoughtifIcouldfindoutaboutkitchenthings,theywouldbethebestsortofpresents.W:Well,Isupposethefirstthingyouneedisacooker.Doyouwantanelectriconeoragasone?M:Hm.IthinkI’dprobablypreferagasone.Butcookersareveryexpensive,aren’tthey?HowmuchisthisW:It’s175pounds,includingtaxanddelivery.It’saverygoodoneM:Butit’salotofmoney,isn’tit?WhatsortsofthingscouldIaskpeopletobuy?Youknow,W:Well,youneedsomepans,won’tyou?Asetofsaucepans,Isuppose,andfryingpans.Doyoulikecooking?M:Yes,Isupposeso.W:(10)Well,inthatcase,youmightlikeamixer.Ifyoumakecakesandthingslikethat,it’llsaveyoualotoftime.Andablendertoo.That’sgoodifyoumakesoupandthings.M:Hm.That’saW:Somethingelseyoumightuseisasetoftheseknives,youknow,carvingknives,breadknives,steakknives,fruitknives,potatopeelingknives.M:(11)Heavens!Ineverknewthereweresomanysorts.W:Oh,yes.ComeoverhereandI’llshowyousomemore.WhyisthemaninthekitchenwareTobuyapresentforhisfriendwhoisgettingTofindoutthecostforacompletesetofToseewhathecouldaskhisfriendstobuyforTomakeinquiriesaboutthepriceofanelectric西,故C)為答案。WhydoesthewomanwanttoknowwhetherthemanlikesToteachhimhowtousetheTodiscusscookingexperienceswithTolhimhowtopreparedelicious mendsuitablekitchenwareto了向他推薦合適的廚房用具,故D)為答案。WhatdoesthemansayhehasneverTherearesomanydifferentsortsofCookingdevicesaresuchpracticalAmixercansavesomuchtimeinmakingSaucepansandfryingpansareamustintheConversationM:Goodmorning,Mrs.W:Oh,Mr.Minizuka.Pleasecomeinandsitdown.Iwanttotalktoyouaboutsomethingthathascomeup.M:What’sup?Anyway,I’llbegladtohelpyouwithanythingIcan.W:Someadvice,Mr.Minizuka.(12)Ihavebeenofferedanewjob.M:Anewjob?W:Asamatteroffact,itisn’tthebankinNewYork.M:It’stheofferfromanotherbank?W:It’sfromtheInternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopmentinWashington.M:(13)YoumeantheWorldBank?W:(13)That’sright.Andit’sreallyveryunexpected,ImustM:You’veestablishedareputotionininternationalbankingcircles.MayIaskwhatkindofpositionthey’veofferedW:Aratherimportantone,asamatteroffact,deputydirectoroftheInternationalFinanceCorporation.M:(14)Isn’tthatthepartofthebankthatmakesloanstoprivatecompaniesindevelocountries?W:(14)Yes,itis.It’sajobthatcertainlyoffersachanceforpublicM:Itseemstomethatit’sarealhonorforW:Yes,itis.ButI’vebeenwiththisbankforsomanyyears.EversinceIgraduatedfromcollegeinM:(15)Butit’sanhonorforthebank,too,forthetrainingandexperienceit’sgivenW:Yes,IsupposeIcouldthinkofitthatway.M:Then,you’vedecidedtoaccepttheoffer?W:Probably,yes.Almostcertainly.I’dliketothinkIcandosomeworkthatwillcontributetointernationalcooperationandunderstanding.12、WhatdoesthewomanwanttodiscusswiththeSomenewproblemsinher HerchanceforpromotionintheCooperationwithaninternationalbank. Herintentiontoleaveherpresent故D)為答案。13、WhoofferedthewomanthenewTheWorld C)AUSfinanceBankof AninvestmentbankinNew是世界銀行,表示肯定。由此可知,的新工作是由世界銀行提供的,故A)為答案。14、WhatwillbethewomansmainresponsibilityasadeputySupervisingfinancialTakingchargeofpublicMakingloanstoprivatecompaniesindeveloOfferingservicetointernationalcompaniesintheUnited肯定。由此可知,的主要職責是向發(fā)展中國家的私營企業(yè)提供,故C)為答案。15、WhatdoesthemanthinkofthejobItisafirstmajorsteptorealizingthewoman’sItisanhonorforthewomanandherpresentItisalossforhercurrentItisreallybeyondhis前的雇主來說都是很榮耀的,故B)為答案。SectionBPassageOneGoodtransportationisveryimportantinwinter.(16)Ifyouhaveacar,makesureitisreadyforthecoldweather.Keepthegasasnearlyfullasyoucan.Thiswillkeepwateroutoftheandwillbeareserveincaseyougetintotrouble.(17)Ifastormtrapsyouinyourcar,therearesomestepsyoushouldtakeforyourownsafety.Donotattempttowalktofindhelp.Youmayquicklyloseyourwayinblowinganddriftingsnow.Yourchancesofbeingfoundarebetterifyoustayinyourcar.Keepadownwindwindowopenslightlyforfreshair.zingraincansealoffyourcarandlockyouinside.Runtheengineandheateronceinawhile.Keepthesamedownwindwindowopenwhiletheengineisrunning.Makesurethatsnowhasnotblockedtheexhaustpipe.Clapyourhandsandmoveyourarmsandlegsfromtimetotime.Donotstayinonepositiontoolong.But,donotmovetoomuch.(18)Exercisewarmsyouup,butitalsocausesyoutolosebodyheat.Ifmorethanoneisinthecar,donotsleepatthesametime.Oneshouldalwaysbeawake.Ifyouarealone,stayawakeaslongasyoucan.Turnontheinsidelightatnight.Thiswillmakeyourcarmorevisibletorescuecrews.Don’tpanic.Staywithyour16、WhatdoesthespeakersayyoushoulddoinwinterwithyourCarryoutathorough C)KeepextragasinTrytokeepthegas D)Fillupthewater此可知,說話人說汽車在冬天應該加滿油,故B)為答案。17、WhatshouldyouavoidngifastormtrapsyouintheAttemptingtoleaveyourcartoseek C)Runningtheengineeverynowandpeingandowaitoltinrsha. )eethehaeronoraongm.18、WhyistoomuchexerciseundesirablewhenyouaretrappedinacarbyawinterItexhaustsyou C)ItcausesyoutolosebodyItmakesyoufallasleep D)Itconsumestoomuch里時,過度運動是不可取的,因為它會使你丟休熱量,故C)為答案。PassageThetopicofmytalktodayisgift-giving.Everybodylikestoreceivegifts,right?Soyoumaythinkthatgift-givingisauniversalcustom.Butactuallytherulesofgift-givingvaryquitealot.Andnotknowingthemcanresultingreatembarrassment.InNorthAmerica,therulesarefairlysimple.Ifyou’reinvitedtosomeone’shomefordinner,bringwineorflowersorasmallitemfromyourcountry.(19)AmongMends,familyandbusinessassociates,wegenerallydon’tgivegiftsonotheroccasionsexceptonsomeone’sbirthdayandChristmas.TheJapanese,ontheotherhand,givegiftsquitefrequently,oftentothanksomeonefortheirkindness.Thetraditionofgift-givinginJapanisveryancient.(20)Therearemanydetailedrulesforeverythingfromthecolorofthewrappapertothetimeofthegiftpresentation.AndwhileEuropeansdon’tgenerallyexchangebusinessgifts,theydofollowsomeformalcustomswhenvisitinghomes,suchasbringingflowers.Thetypeandcolorofflowers,however,cancarryspecialmeaning.Todaywehaveseensomebroaddifferencesingift-giving.Icouldgoonwithadditionalexamples,butlefsnotmissthemainpointhere.(21)Ifwearenotawareofandsensitivetoculturaldifferences,thepossibilities municationandareenormous.Whetherwelearnaboutthesedifferencesbyreadingabookorbylivingabroad,ourgoalmustbetorespectdifferencesamongpeopleinordertogetalongsuccessfullywithourglobalneighbors.19、Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutgift-givingofNorthTheyareverygenerousingiving C)TheyregardgiftsasatokenofTheyrefusegiftswhenng D)Theygivegiftsonlyonspecial節(jié)日送禮,故D)為答案。20、WhatdowelearnabouttheJapaneseconcerninggift-Theyenjoygivinggiftstoother C)TheyhavetofollowmanyspecificTheyspendalotoftimechoosing D)Theypayattentiontothequalityof知,人送禮需要遵守很多特定的規(guī)則,故C)為答案。21、WhatpointdoesthespeakermakeattheendoftheGift-givingysanimportantroleinhumanWemustbeawareofculturaldifferencesingivingWemustlearnhowtogivegiftsbeforegoingReadingextensivelymakesoneabettergift-。詳短最提,果們辦識文差對不感那產錯傳和可能是大。此知短最說者述觀足禮文差,故為案。asagereClaudetteRigoisareporterforaFrenchnewspaper.HerassignmentforthelastfiveyearshasbeenWash-ingtonandAmericanpolitics.Shereportsthecurrentpoliticalnewsforherpaper.Inaddition,shewritesacolumnthatispublishedeveryweek.(22)ThecolumnexinsAmericanpoliticstoherreadersinFrance.TheyoftenfinditverydifficulttounderstandtheUnitedStatesandAmericans.ClaudettelivesinasmallhouseinafashionablesectionofWashington.Sheentertainsagreatdeal.Herguestsareusuallyernmentofficials,diplomats,lawyersandothernewspaperpeople.Whensheisn’tentertaining,shegoesouttodinnersandparties.Inspiteofherbusysociallife,Claudetteworksveryhard.Thepartiesarereallyworkforher,becausereportersfrequentlygetnewstoriesjustbytalkingandlisteningtopeople.Claudettealsohasasmallofficeinabuildingdowntown.ShegoesthereeverymorningtowriteupherstoriesandsendthemtoParis.(23)HercolumnispublishedeveryMonday,sosheusuallyspendsalargepartoftheweekendworkingonitathome.(24)ClaudettespendsamonthinFranceeveryyear,sothatshewon’tforgethowtospeakFrench.InspiteofallherexperienceinWashington,Claudettemaybetransferred.ThisisanelectionyearintheUnitedStateswhenthepeopleelectanew.(25)Whentheelectionisover,ClaudettethinksthathernewspaperinParismaychangeherassignment.22、WhatdowelearnaboutthecolumnClaudetteItreflectsAmericanpeopledviewofFrenchItisfirstpublishedinWashingtonandtheninItexinsAmericanpoliticstotheFrenchItispopularamongFrenchernment23、WhatdoesClaudetteusuallydoonWorkonher C)EntertainherDohouseworkat D)Goshop24、WhydoesClaudettespendamonthinFranceeveryToreporttoher C)TovisitherTorefreshher D)Tomeether為答案25、WhatmighthappentoClaudetteafterthisyear’sAmericanialShemightberecalledto C)ShemightcloseherMondayShemightchangeher D)Shemightbeassignedtoanew此可知,結束后,特可能會被安排到一個新崗位上,故D)為答案Section26、innocent?!驹斀狻看颂帒撎钊胍粋€形容詞,作he的補語。innocentmitted?!驹斀狻看颂帒撎钊雱釉~過去分詞形式,與前面的been構成語態(tài)。committed意為28、charges?!驹斀狻看颂帒撎钊朊~,與and前面的name并列。charges意為“指控29、released【詳解】處應該填入動詞過去分詞形式,與前面的be構成語態(tài),且與keptinjail并列released意為“釋放”30、ratherthan連接returntocourt與runaway這兩個動詞短語。rather31、appoint【詳解】此處位于情態(tài)動詞will后面,故應該填入動詞。appoint意為“指定,委派”。33、holdatrial。【詳解】此處應該填入動詞短語。holdatrial意為“進行審判”。34、designed【詳解】此處應該填入動詞過去分詞,與is構成語態(tài),且與to搭配。designed意為35、foundation處位于the和of之間,應該填入名詞。foundation ReadingComprehensionSectionA36、I)melted?!驹斀狻靠崭袂懊媸敲~ice,后面為副詞away,因此空格處需要填入動詞形式,和away搭的動詞。由此確定動詞melted為本題答案,意思為“融化”。備選詞語中有多個動詞,而and前動詞形式37、Gline?!驹斀狻靠崭袂懊嬗薪樵~in,后面也有介詞with,因此空格處需要填入名詞,能與in和with搭此確定名詞lineaverage和impact均無法與in和with—起38、C)contributing動詞are,后面有介詞to,因此需要填入動詞。本句的主語是候變暖,由此確定動詞contributing為本題答案,意思為“導致”。備選動詞中,ranging不能和to搭配,故排除;appealing也可以作動詞講,和to搭配表示“呼吁,提訟”,不符合句意,也應排除。39、Kranging詞短語increaseintemperatures,空格后為介詞短語between...and...只有contributing和ranging為動詞現在分詞形式,而contributing已在上一題中選過,故可以排除。分應該是指氣溫增長較快。由此確定形容詞dramatic為本題答案,意思為“急劇的”。在備選形容詞中,appealing,resolved和sensible都不可以修飾氣候變暖,可以排除。41、F)impact冠詞the,后有謂語willbe,所以需要填入名詞作句子的主語。下文提上升給不同地區(qū)帶來不同的影響。由此確定名詞impact為本題答案,意思為“影響”。備選名詞中l(wèi)ine已經被選過,可以排除;average與句意不符,也可以排除。備選形容詞中,dramatic已經被選過,可以排除;而resolved和sensible與habitable意思相差太遠,不符合句43、Baverage介詞on,因此空格處需要填入一個名詞,與on搭配。前一段表明,有詞average為本題答案,意思為“平均”。在備選名詞中,impact和line均已被選過,可以排除。44、H)maintain?!驹斀狻吭斀饪崭袂懊鏋槊~scientists,空格后為that引導的從句,所以空格處需要填maintain為本題答案,意思為“主張”。在備選的動詞中,contributing,ranging和melted都已被選過,可以排除;persist和shock均與句意不符,也可以排除。SectionPassage46、Authorsstillpublishedinprintedversionswillbeconsideredimportant果一個作家的書能被印刷出來,在市場上銷售,通常會被認作是很重要的作家。題干中的considered與原文中的reckonwith為同義轉述,題干中的important與原文中的themarkof相對應,故答案為C)。47、Somepeoplearestillinfavorofprintedbooksbecauseofthesenseoftouchtheycanprovide.本中所體會不到的觸覺上的愉悅。題干中的thesenseoftoucli與原文中的atactilepleasure為同義轉述,故答案為N)。48、Theradiobusinesshaschangedgreatlyandnowattractsmore【精析】文章J)段的大意為電視沒能消除收音機的存在。由于一個人不可能一邊開車一邊看電視,所以廣播得以發(fā)展,聽眾群隨之擴大,同20紀40相比,發(fā)生了很大轉變。題干中的changedgreatly與原文中的verydifferent相對應,題干中的attractsmorelisteners與原文中的enlargedtheiraudiences為同義轉述,故答案為J)。49、Contrarytomanypeople’spredictionofitsdeath,thefilmindustry【精析】文中H)段主要是說明有時新技術產生之后,舊的技術不一定消亡,以戲劇、、電視為例,干中的prediction與原文中的wassupposedto相對應,題干中的survived與原文中的rece...didnot為同義轉述,故答案為H)。50、Remarkablechangeshavetakenceinthebook【精析】題干是對A)段所描述的在幾年內大幅度增長的概括。文中金讀的銷量遠大于紙質書,變化顯著。 括,故答案為A51、Oldtechnologysometimescontinuestoexistbecauseofits【精析】文章L)段主要是陳述新技術產生之后,舊技術依舊存在。由于新技術的不穩(wěn)定性,舊技術作為備份而繼續(xù)存在。題干中的continuestoexist與原文中的remains為同義轉述,故答案為L)。52、Theincreaseofe-booksaleswillthebookbusinesstomakechangesnotseenfor【精析】文章B)段主要闡述了紙質書運:的銷售形式在未來十年會發(fā)生轉變,其影響極其深遠。題干中的makechanges與原文中的gothroughatransformation為同義轉述,故答案為B)。53、Anewtechnologyisunlikelytotaketheceofanoldonewithoutaclear文章F)段主要是陳述新技術取代舊技術所需達到的條好。題干中的taketheceof與原文中的reces為同義轉述,題干是對F)段的總括,故答案為F)。54、Paperbacksofpopularliturearemorelikelytoberecedbye-books.干中的paperbacksofpopularliture與原文中的massmarketpaperbacks對應,故答案為C)。55、Ahousewithafirecehasastrongerappealto【精析】文章M)段主要是講壁爐的作用。截至19世紀下半葉,集中供暖出現在每一個上層和中產家中,但是功能壁爐現如今仍然是房子或公寓的重要賣點。題干中的astrongerappeal與原文中的apowerfulsellingpoint相對應,故答案為M)。SectionPassage答案詳解56、B)定位latestcongressionalreport定位到文章第二段第一句:Thelatestcongressionalreportacknowledgesthecriticalimportanceoftechnicaltraining,butalsoassertsthatthestudyofthehumanities(人文學科)andsocialsciencesmustremaincentralcomponentsofAmerica’educationalsystematalllevels.的中心,可見其重要性,這里兩種學科的地位是的,故答案為B)。點睛:A)“STEM相關的學科能夠幫助學生在這個信息化的社會中找到工作”,在第三段中有所提及,57、D)。定位:由題干中的mainconcernofstudents和chooseamajor定位到文章第三段第一、二句:Parentsandstudentswhohaveinvestedheavilyinhighereducationworryaboutgraduates’jobprospects...Underthesecircumstancesit’snaturaltolookforwhatmayappeartobethemost“practicalwayoutoftheproblem:“Majorinasubjectdesignedtogetyouajob”seemstheobviousanswertosome....詳解推理斷題第段第、句,由技進步國內市場變化家與學對業(yè)生的)。點:)他對科的、)“程學價”和)“接教的量均在中58、A)。定位:由題干中的theso-calledsoftsubjects金位到文章第三段第二句:thoughthisignoresthefactthatmanydisciplinesinthehumanitiescharacterizedas“softoften,infactleadtoemploymentandsuccessinthelongrun.詳解:推理判斷題。題干中的theso-calledsoftsubjects實際上是指humanities(人文學科)。文中,從長遠來看,許多以“軟”為特點的人文學科經常會帶來就業(yè)和成功,故答案為A)。studentswhohavereceivedabroadly-basededucationthathastaughtthemtowritewell,thinkcritically,researchcreatively,andcommunicateeasily.思考問題,創(chuàng)新性地進行研究,而且易于溝通。well-rounded與broadly-based意思相近,故答案為D)。點睛:A)“那些具有很強責任感的人”、B)“那些解決實際問題的人”和C)“那些有可能成為創(chuàng)60、C)。定位:由題干中的advice定位到文章最后一段第一句:Moreover,studentsshouldbepreparednotjustfortheirfirstjobbutfortheir4thand5thjobsasthere’slittlereasontodoubtthatpeopleenteringtheworktodaywillbecalledupontoymanydifferentrolesoverthecourseoftheircareers.詳解:推理判斷題。在文章末段,作者給學生提出了建議,即“學生不應只為他們的第一份工作而準備角色”。由此可知,學生需要做多重準備,以應對形勢變化,故答案為C)。點睛:A身潛力”和B排除;D)“采取靈活的方式解決問題”,最后一段第二句提到,教育能夠使人變得靈活,并未提到解決問Passage答案詳解61、A)energyindependence定位到文章第一段的第一、二句:Energyindependence.Ithasaniceringtoit,doesn’tit?詳解:事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段提到能源獨立,原文中的hasaniceringtoit相當于A)項中的soundsveryattractive“聽起來非常吸引人”,故答案為A)。點睛B所以排除;C明確提出能源獨立之后,石油價格會下降,故排除;D62、D)。定位:由題干中的biofuels定位到文章第四段第二句:Yes,thereisatrickle(涓涓細流)ofbiofuel(生物)available,andmoremay eavailable,butmostbio

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