IRAC案例分析方法和IT部門管理制度和like的基本用法習(xí)題(小學(xué))

TheSectionsofanIRAC[\o"Editsection:Issue"edit]IssueTheIRACstartswithastatementoftheissueorquestionathand.IntheissuesectionofanIRACitisimportanttostateexactlywhatthe\o"Questionoflaw"questionoflawis.[\o"Editsection:Rules"edit]RulesTherulessectionofanIRACfollowsthestatementoftheissueathand.TherulesectionofanIRACisthestatementoftherulespertinentindecidingtheissuestated.Rulesina\o"Commonlaw"commonlawjurisdictionderivefromcourtcase\o"Precedent"precedentand\o"Statute"statute.Theinformationincludedintherulessectiondependsheavilyonthespecificityofthequestionathand.Ifthequestionstatesaspecific\o"Jurisdiction"jurisdictionthenitispropertoincluderulesspecifictothatjurisdiction.Anotherdistinctionoftenmadeintherulesectionisacleardelineationofrulesthatarein\o"Holding"holdingandrulesthatare\o"Obiterdicta"obiterdicta.Thishelpsmakeacorrectlegalanalysisoftheissueathand.Therulessectionneedstobealegalsummaryofalltherulesusedintheanalysisandisoftenwritteninamannerwhichparaphrasesorotherwiseanalyticallycondensesinformationintoapplicablerules.[\o"Editsection:Application/Analysis"edit]Application/AnalysisTheapplication/analysissectionofanIRACappliestherulesdevelopedintherulessectiontothespecificfactsoftheissueathand.ThissectionusesonlytherulesstatedintherulessectionoftheIRACandusuallyutilizesalltherulesstatedincludingexceptionsasisrequiredbytheanalysis.Itisimportantinthissectiontoapplytherulestothefactsofthecaseandexplainorarguewhyaparticularruleappliesordoesnotapplyinthecasepresented.Theapplication/analysissectionisthemostimportantsectionofanIRACbecauseitdevelopstheanswertotheissueathand.[\o"Editsection:Conclusion"edit]ConclusionTheconclusionsectionofanIRACdirectlyanswersthequestionpresentedintheissuesectionoftheIRAC.ItisimportantforthemethodologyoftheIRACthattheconclusionsectionoftheIRACnotintroduceanynewrulesoranalysis.Thissectionrestatestheissueandprovidesthefinalanswer.[\o"Editsection:Criticism"edit]CriticismIRAChasmanyproponentsandopponents.ThemainargumentsoftheproponentsoftheIRACmethodologysayitreduceslegalreasoningtotheapplicationofaformulathathelpsorganizethelegalanalysis.Sinceanorganizedlegalanalysisiseasiertofollowandreduceserrorsinreasoning,therefore,theproponentsarguethattheIRACisaveryusefultool.TheopponentsoftheIRACfallintotwocategories.ThefirstcategoryarethosewhoobjecttousinganIRACbecauseofitsstrictandunwieldyformat.MostofthesecriticsofferanalternativeversionoftheIRACsuchasMIRAT,IDAR,CREAC,TREACC,\o"CRuPAC"CRuPAC,ISAACandILAC.EachnewiterationissupposedtocurethedefectsoftheIRACandoffermoreorlessfreedomdependingupontheformat.AverygoodexampleofsuchanalternativeformatistheCREACwhichissaidtooffermoreclarityandcongruity.Theyarguethisbasedupontherepetitionoftheconclusioninthebeginningandtheendwhichissaidtoleavenodoubtastothefinalanswerandoffercongruitytotheoverallreasoning.Italsohasanexplanationoftherulessectionwhichhelpsdelineaterulesintostatingtherulesandexplainingtherulesforfurtherclarity.ThesecondcategoryofcriticsoftheIRACsaythatittendstoleadtooverwriting,andoversimplifyingthecomplexityofproperlegalanalysis.Thisgroupbelievesthatagoodlegalanalysisconsistsofathoughtful,careful,wellresearchedessaythatiswritteninaformatmostamiabletothewriter.Theimportanceofanopenformatamiabletothewriterissupposedtoletthelegalreasonersconcentrateonexpressingtheirargumenttothebestoftheirabilitiesinsteadofconcentratingonadheringtoastrictformatthatreducesthisfocus.[\o"Editsection:AnExampleIRAC"edit]AnExampleIRACAgenericIRAConalawschoolexamwouldconsistofananswertoaquestion.ThefollowingexampledemonstratesagenericIRACasananswertoaquestion.PersonAwalksintoagrocerystoreandpicksupaloafofbread.Hethenstuffsthebreadbeneathhisjacket.Asecurityattendantseeshimandfollowshimtothecashregister.PersonApassesthroughwithoutstoppingtopayforanything.Thesecurityattendantstopshimatthegate.HedetainspersonAwhileheinterrogateshim.PersonAisunresponsiveanduncooperativeandinfactdownrighthostiletothechargesbeingleveledathimbythesecurityattendant.PersonAisheldforaperiodoftwohoursattheendofwhichitisfoundthathehadactuallyputtheloafofbreadbackandwasnotstealing.PersonAsuesthegrocerystorefor\o"Falseimprisonment"falseimprisonment.WouldpersonAprevailincourt?IssueTheissuehereiswhetherpersonAcouldprevailincourtbyallegingthathewasfalselyimprisoned.RulesMostjurisdictionsintheUnitedStatesallowrecoveryfor\o"Falseimprisonment"falseimprisonment.Thecourtslookattwoelementsindeterminingwhetherapersonhasbeenfalselyimprisoned,namelyjustcauseandauthority.Inlookingattheelementofjustcause,courtsfurtheranalyzetwofactors:reasonablesuspicionandtheenvironmentinwhichtheactionstakeplace.Ifapersonsuspectsthatheisbeingdeprivedofpropertylegallyattachedtohimandhecanshowthathissuspicionsarereasonablethenheissaidtohaveareasonablesuspicion.Courtsalsolookatwhethertheactivityinquestiontookplaceinanenvironmentwherestealingiscommon.Crowdedpublicplacesandshopsareconsideredtobemorejustifiableplaceswhereapersoncouldhavejustcauseforreasonablesuspicionincomparisontoprivatepropertyorsparselypopulatedareas.Inlookingattheotherelementofauthority,thecourtstendtofavorpeopledirectlychargedwithhandlingsecurityaspeoplewiththeauthoritytodetainapersonincomparisontoprivateindividuals.Thecourtshavemadeexceptionsinthefavorofthepersonconductingthedetentionifheisashopkeeper.Thisspecialprivilegeiscalledthe\o"Shopkeeper'sprivilege"shopkeeper'sprivilege.Ingeneraltheelementofauthorityisusuallyseenasonepartofatwopartlegaljustificationforlegallyjustifiabledetention.Forexampleincasesinvolvingdetentionbyanofficerofthelaw,courtshaveruledthattheofficerhastohavebothjustcauseandauthority.Authorityinitselfisnotenough.Thesamereasoningappliestoalldetainingindividuals.Exceptionsaremadeinthecasewhereapersonofauthorityhastoconductaninvestigationwithjustcauseandcourtsusuallygrantareasonableamountoftimeindetentionforthispurpose.Herethereasonableamountoftimeapersoncanbekeptindetentionisdirectlyrelatedtothecircumstancesunderwhichthedetentiontakesplace.Application/AnalysisPersonAwasconductinghisactivityinacrowdedplacethathappenedtobeagrocerystore.Hewasfurtherdetainedbyasecurityattendant.Thesecurityattendanthadseenhimpickupaloafofbreadandwalkpastthecashregisterwithoutpaying.Thesecurityattendantdetainedhimuntilhediscoveredthatnothefthadtakenplace.PersonAwassubsequentlyreleaseduponthisdeterminationoffact.Acourtlookingatthesefactswouldtrytoapplythetwoelementsoffalseimprisonment.Thefirstelementoffalseimprisonmentisjustcause.Thefirstfactorofjustcauseisreasonablesuspicion.ThesecurityattendantsawpersonApickupaloafofbreadandstuffitbeneathhisjacket.Thisisanuncommonactionasmostgroceryshopcustomersusuallydonothideproduceundertheirpersonalbelongings.Thesecurityattendant,therefore,hasreasonablesuspicionbecauseareasonablepersoninhisplacewouldhavealsoconsideredthisactiontobesuspicious.PersonAfurtherwalksbythecashregisterwithoutpaying.ThesecurityattendanthasalreadyseenpersonAhidingthebreadunderhisjacketandhonestlybelievesthatpersonAisstillinpossessionoftheloafofbread.Areasonablepersoninthesecurityattendant'ssteadwouldarguablyacttostoppersonA.Thus,thisseemstosatisfythefirstfactoroftheelementofjustcause,reasonablesuspicion.Thesecondfactoroftheelementofjustcauseistheenvironment.Theactivitytakesplaceinagrocerystore.Agrocerystoreisusuallyaplacewhereshopliftersandotherthievesoperateregularly.Thisreducestheburdenofjustcauseplacedonthepersonperformingthedetention.Thesecurityattendanthastobeunusuallyvigilantandsuspiciousofaperson'smotivebecauseofhislocation.Thisthenseemstosatisfythesecondfactoroftheelementofjustcause,environment.Thesecondelementoffalseimprisonmentisauthority.ThepersonperformingthedetentionofAisthesecurityattendantofthegrocerystore.Heisthepersonchargedwithsecuringthegrocerystoreanditsproperty.ThesecurityattendantseespersonAputtheloafofbreadunderneathhiscoatandwalkthroughthecheckoutwithoutpaying.Thesecurityattendantnowhastoactbecausehehasbeenchargedwiththesecurityofthestoreandhehasjustcause.ThesecurityattendantperformstheinvestigationafterheputspersonAindetentionandittakestwohours.TwohoursmightseemlikeanunreasonableamountoftimebutgiventhefactthatpersonAwasunresponsiveanduncooperativeitseemstobereasonable.ItalsoseemsasifthesecurityattendantwasdoinghisduediligenceashereleasespersonAassoonasthefactsareestablishedanditisshownthatpersonAwasnotstealingtheloafofbread.Finallywehavetolookatthefactthatsincetheactivitytookplaceinagrocerystore,the\o"Falseimprisonment"shopkeeper'sprivilegeappliesdirectlytothesecurityattendantinchargeofsecuringthestoreanditsproperty.Thisprivilegegivesthesecurityattendantextraleewayindetainingpeopleinwhomhehasreasonablesuspicion.MostcourtswouldleanheavilytowardstheshopkeeperbecausepersonAwasonthepropertyofthegrocerystoreandthuscouldbesubjectedtoextrascrutinygiventhelonghistoryoftheshopkeeper'sprivilegeincommonlaw.ConclusionPersonAwouldmostlikelynotprevailinthecourtsbecausethesecurityattendantdoesnotsatisfyeitherelementoffalseimprisonment.ThedetentionofpersonAwaslegalbecausethesecurityattendanthadbothjustcauseandauthority.Additionally,theshopkeeper'sprivilegefurthersolidifiesthelegalityofthedetention.PersonA,therefore,hasnorecourseunderthelaw.部門管理制度規(guī)定所有的員工必須按照規(guī)定時(shí)間上班。按公司規(guī)定時(shí)間上班。所有的員工工作時(shí)和工作時(shí)間內(nèi)必須配戴ID卡。按公司規(guī)定制度上班。員工在辦公室內(nèi)禁止飲酒和吸煙。每位員工發(fā)現(xiàn)一次，罰款50元。辦公室內(nèi)應(yīng)保持清潔和良好的工作環(huán)境。應(yīng)保持桌面整齊，清潔。下班時(shí)，應(yīng)檢查電腦是否關(guān)閉。每位員工負(fù)責(zé)清掃自己的電腦和工作桌。每周進(jìn)行一次，每2個(gè)月進(jìn)行一次大掃除。員工外出必須預(yù)先告知部門經(jīng)理并得到許可。必須書面寫出請(qǐng)假條，部門經(jīng)理簽字同意后，方可外出。所有的電腦貼上封條，并統(tǒng)一分配IP地址。任何軟件的安裝和升級(jí)應(yīng)按規(guī)定步驟進(jìn)行。任何硬件的升級(jí)和購(gòu)買應(yīng)按規(guī)定步驟進(jìn)行。如果要將硬件帶出辦公室，應(yīng)進(jìn)行記錄，并按規(guī)定進(jìn)行。如果要將軟件帶出辦公室，應(yīng)進(jìn)行記錄，并按規(guī)定進(jìn)行。每個(gè)員工應(yīng)上交每周工作報(bào)告。每周星期五下午三點(diǎn)提交個(gè)人本周工作總結(jié)。每周星期五下午四點(diǎn)召開部門工