高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句課件

Grammar表語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative

名詞性從句賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)NounClauses(名詞性從句)SubjectClause(主語(yǔ)從句)AppositiveClause（同位語(yǔ)從句）ObjectClause（賓語(yǔ)從句）PredicativeClause（表語(yǔ)從句）

名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。什么是賓語(yǔ)？Iknowhim.Doyouhavethetime?Whydon’tyoupayattentiontome?

賓語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或者介詞后ObjectClauses

賓語(yǔ)從句

Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句連詞從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)

主句（復(fù)合句）ObjectClauses

賓語(yǔ)從句一、賓語(yǔ)從句的概念從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。

eg.Weknow

MrGreenteachesEnglish.

Sheasked

iftheseanswerswereright.二、賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序時(shí)態(tài)不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞that

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞when,where,why,how,引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞whether,if

引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（一）引導(dǎo)詞123e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.Hesaid(that)______________________.Theteachertoldus(that)_______________________________.hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmoves由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句注：that在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略aroundthesunthat——不能省略的3種情況（2）當(dāng)that作介詞except,in

賓語(yǔ)時(shí)Theybelieveinthatshemuststillbesingle.IknownothingabouthimexceptthatheislivinginBeijing.(1)如果從句是并列句時(shí)，第二個(gè)分句的that一般不可省。Myunclesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldalsobringhisson.（3）用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)

（it?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)——that從句則放在句尾）

IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.Weheardit

thatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.

由從屬連詞whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Iwanttoknow______________________________________.2.Askhim_________________________.3.Iwonder____________________________.4.Couldyoutellme________________________?

if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithuswhether(if)hecancomewhetheritisgoingtorainornotif/whether“是否”，說(shuō)明對(duì)陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask,know,findout,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。whether(if)

MrLiliveshere只能用whether不能用if的情況1.在介詞后面：I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.Weareworriedabout

whetheritwillraintomorrow.2.在動(dòng)詞不定式前(whethertodosth.)

：Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.3.當(dāng)與ornot連用，或提出兩種選擇時(shí):Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.4.賓語(yǔ)從句提前時(shí)：Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Iwonder___________heiswell.

4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

5.Idon’tknow_______togo.

if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?

whocouldanswerthequestion

whomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate由連接代詞Who,whom,whose,which,what

和連接副詞where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓從代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。二、語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.

2.Whatdidhewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantedtobuy.主句+連接詞+從句（主+謂+其他成分）

What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?

注：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Canyoutellmewhoheis?做主語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為你是錯(cuò)的。

Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.

我認(rèn)為你今天無(wú)法完成工作。

在第一人稱I,we與動(dòng)詞think,expect,believe,guess,suppose,consider,imagine等連用，后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常將從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，形成否定前移。一些含有假設(shè)、建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃等意思的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略。這類動(dòng)詞有:advise,arrange,command, demand,desire,insist,order,propose, require,request,suggest等。如：

Isuggestedthathe(should) studyharder.Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.三、時(shí)態(tài)主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。2.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.IheardthathewenttoParislastnight.3.從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeplusthreeissix.Hetoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun.4.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過去時(shí)。Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)willbe

goes

havereturned

hadbeen

rises賓語(yǔ)從句

三要素時(shí)態(tài)Summary(小結(jié)）引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）語(yǔ)序1.

Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.

Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC

Practice5.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeCD8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCDThepredicativeClauses

表語(yǔ)從句

M3U3Grammar

觀察思考：指出句子成分Henry

was

anAmericanbusinessman.Henry

met

anAmericanbusinessman.

主語(yǔ)

表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）連系動(dòng)詞Predicative

表語(yǔ)●什么是表語(yǔ)：●什么是系動(dòng)詞：●表語(yǔ)的位置：在英語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)的身份，狀態(tài)，特征等的部分叫表語(yǔ)?？梢杂米鞅碚Z(yǔ)的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，從句等。表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞之后，與之構(gòu)成所謂的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語(yǔ)關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，常與后面的表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。連系動(dòng)詞

1.be

動(dòng)詞是最常見的系動(dòng)詞，可以有多種時(shí)態(tài)。

2.表示結(jié)果:become成為，當(dāng)…3.表示狀況，樣子等：seem,appear,look

看起來(lái)，看上去4.表示變化：go,come，get,turn,fall,run,grow

變得，變成5.感官系動(dòng)詞表示感覺：

feel摸起來(lái)，感覺；

smell聞起來(lái)；

taste嘗起來(lái)；

sound聽起來(lái),；look看起來(lái)6.表示狀態(tài)：

prove證明是；turnout

；remain保持，仍然；stay保持，停留；keep保持；stand位于；lie位于；rest停留，剩余表語(yǔ)1.名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞用作表語(yǔ)：Hefinallybecame

asuccessfulpianist.Myfatherusedtobe

afootballplayer.Sheisverytiredandlooksit.Weare

seventeen.2.形容詞用作表語(yǔ)：Timeis

precioustoeverybody.Intimeofdanger,heremains

calm.Thedreamwillcome

true.Thepricesounds

reasonable.Themanissaidtohavegone

mad.Chinaisgrowing

strongerandstronger.Thethoughtlies

heavyonhermind.Theystood

still,sayingnothing.3.副詞用作表語(yǔ)：Areyouthere?Themanageris

outtodinnerwiththecustomers.Hehasbeenawayfromhishometownformanyyears.Today’sworkis

over.4.介詞（短語(yǔ)）用作表語(yǔ)：Areyouondutytoday?Everythingis

ingoodorder.Sheis

ingoodhealth.Theyappear

outofbreath.5.分詞用作表語(yǔ)：It’s

surprisingthatyouhaven’tmet.I’msomuchsurprisedatit.Helooked

worriedafterreadingtheletter.Theyseemed

disappointedatthenews.Areyouwellprepared?6.不定式用作表語(yǔ)：AllIcoulddowas(

to)wait.Hisjobis

tofeedtheanimals.Ouraimis

toholdthe2008OlympicGamesinChinasuccessful.Heseemed

tobeverytired.表語(yǔ)從句的定義Thequestioniswhowilldoit.Thequestionisdifficult.（表）表語(yǔ)從句（表）PredicativeClauses表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句放在連系動(dòng)詞之后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的表語(yǔ)。2.表語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+引導(dǎo)詞

+簡(jiǎn)單句Thisiswhyhedidit.從屬連詞：that/whether/asif/asthough/because(if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)連接代詞：who/whom/whose/which/what連接副詞：when/where/why/how

3.表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞表語(yǔ)從句兩大要素：除that外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都有自己的意義。除that,whether外的所有引導(dǎo)詞都必須在從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分。1.that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

that僅起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在句中不作任何成分。這種從句往往是對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether

引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接副詞where,when,why,how除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他連詞asif,because,asthough

引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”結(jié)構(gòu)中。

asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.6.使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣"should+動(dòng)詞原形"表示，should可省略。常見的詞有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan等。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.策劃：《學(xué)生雙語(yǔ)報(bào)》45表語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該注意：（1）當(dāng)thereason或why引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常用that(不用because)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Whyweshouldnotplayonthegroundisthatwearehavingclass.Thereasonwhyweshouldnotplayonthegroundisthatwearehavingclass.（2)Whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)（一）1、Doyouknowwhere

now?A、helives