2020版高考英語(yǔ)精準(zhǔn)備考一輪北師大版講義+練習(xí)：Book8Unit22含答案

Unit22EnvironmentalProtection基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān) 多媒體，默寫(xiě)本，多個(gè)渠道抓根本；自主練，巧拓展,夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)是關(guān)鍵 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)默寫(xiě)（學(xué)生用書(shū)325?328頁(yè)）默寫(xiě)一.trapvt.使困住兒陷阱；圈套.reserve機(jī)保護(hù)區(qū)v.保護(hù)：保留：預(yù)訂freservationn.保護(hù)：保留：預(yù)訂freservedq力?.預(yù)訂的，保留的.principlen.原則，道德準(zhǔn)則.beyondprep.超出.relevantadj.有關(guān)的frelevantlyadv.有關(guān)地；得要領(lǐng)地frelevancen.相關(guān).referv.指，意即「referencen.提到，談及；參考，查閱.agriculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)fagriculturalad?.農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)藝的.recyclevt.回收利用.threatenvt.威脅fthreatn.威脅.conservationn.保護(hù)fconservevt.保護(hù)；保存".coincidencen.巧合.condemnvt.迫使（某人）陷入不幸的境地；譴責(zé).sacrificevt.&vi.犧牲；獻(xiàn)出14.advocatevt.主張，提倡15.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；（使）滑動(dòng)16.substituten.代替品，代用品v.（用……）代替.behalfn.代表.changeableadj.多變的fchangev.&n.改變.anumberof一些，許多20.inturn依次；輪流；反過(guò)來(lái)，轉(zhuǎn)而leadto導(dǎo)致；通向；引起.takeaction采取行動(dòng).aheadof在 前面.apartfrom除 以外.answerfor對(duì) 負(fù)責(zé)26.orelse否則，不然.wrapup結(jié)束；席卷而去；包起來(lái)8.Inthelastfewdecades,scientistshavereachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate...在過(guò)去的幾十年里，科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)正在造成地球氣候的變化…….Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果沒(méi)有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽(yáng)的光線(xiàn)將會(huì)被反射回太空中去，那么地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，從而使生物不可能在地球上存活?Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，似乎人類(lèi)活動(dòng)與正在升高的全球溫度之間的關(guān)聯(lián)并不僅僅是巧合。默寫(xiě)二Lseizevt.依法沒(méi)收；（用武力）奪取.armvt.武裝.roughadj.艱難的；粗糙的froughlyadv.粗糙地；概略地.separationn.分離，分開(kāi)一separateadj.分開(kāi)的v.分離，分開(kāi).means機(jī)方法.constructvt.建造一construction機(jī)建造.adoptvt.采用；收養(yǎng)fadoptionn.采用；收養(yǎng).politicsn.政治（活動(dòng)）fpoliticaladj.政治的。politiciann.政治家.mountainousadj.多山的.fleevi.&vt.逃走".potentialn.可能性；潛在性fpotentiallyadv.潛在地；可能地.considerateadj.想得周到的，體貼的fconsidervt.考慮fconsiderationn.考慮.financen.資金ffinancialad：財(cái)務(wù)的；金融的.allocatevt.分配，配給fallocation上分配,配給.fragileadj.易毀的；脆弱的.sharpenvt.削尖fsharpad：尖的，鋒利的一sharpenern.卷筆刀.validadj.有充分理由的；有效的；合法的fvalidlyadv.合法地；正當(dāng)?shù)?calculatevt.計(jì)算，算出升calculationn.計(jì)算fcalculatorn.計(jì)算器19.onone'sbehalf代表.forgood永遠(yuǎn).carryoff掠走，奪走.allinall總的來(lái)說(shuō).resultin導(dǎo)致.earnone's/aliving謀生.allthebest祝一切順利.sumup總結(jié)，概括.asamatteroffact實(shí)際上.breakawayfrom擺脫，脫離(某種思想體系、團(tuán)體、組織).Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.在過(guò)去的幾年里，人們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了大規(guī)模的環(huán)境災(zāi)難，專(zhuān)家們預(yù)測(cè)更為嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難即將來(lái)臨。.TherehasbeenterriblefloodinginAsia，Africa，AmericaandOceania.亞洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都發(fā)生過(guò)可怕的洪澇災(zāi)害。基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)夯實(shí)I.語(yǔ)境填詞1.Ifyoudon'tpayyourdebt,yourpropertywillbeseized(沒(méi)收).Someminersweretrapped(使困住)undergroundafterthecollapse.3.Formostpeople,thecarisstilltheirmainmeans(方式)oftransport.t'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,political(politics)andscientificprogress.(2018?浙江)5.Theschoolsmustadopt(adoption)newmethodsofteachingforeignlanguages.6.Smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable(change).(2018?全國(guó)I)7.Beingagoodneighborismoreorlessaboutconsiderate(consider)behavior.(2018?浙江).Thenumberoftheunemployedisontheriseowingtothefinancial(finance)crisis..Therearehugeamountsofreference(refer)bookswhichIamoftenconfusedtochoosefrom.(2018?江蘇).Touristsarerequiredtomakereservations(reserve)inadvance..Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreat(threaten)toagriculture..Thetriptheytookmeonwasarough(roughly)one.(2017?全國(guó)I).From2004to2013,agricultural(agriculture)landvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.(2018?江蘇)It'sdifficulttopickupradioprogramsinthemountainous(mountain)areas..Apencilsharpenerisadevicethatcanbeusedtosharpenapencil.(sharp)II.選詞成篇inturn,beyondone'scontrol,resultin,100kahead,takeaction,anumberof,orelseHumanshavedamagedtheenvironmentin1.anumberofaspects,which2.inturnhasinfluencedourlife.Besidesthis,itis3.beyondourcontrol」thinkwehumansshouldberesponsibleforit.4.Lookingahead,itistimeforusto5.takeaction；6.orelse,itwould7.resultingreaterdamage.carryoff,apartfrom,leadto,onbehalfof,answerfor,callforanendtoWithmoreandmorefactoriesbuiltinmyhometown,alotofagriculturallandhasbeen8.carriedoff,whichhas9.ledtoariseinproductprices.10.Apartfromthis,theairandrivershavebeenheavilypolluted.Obviously,thefactoriesshouldll.answerfortheconsequences.So12.onbehalfofthevillagers'benefit,thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedto13.callforanendtothefactories'illegalbehaviors.in.完成句子Since2011,thecountryhasgrownmorecornthan1元6.(完成時(shí))(2018?全國(guó)H)自2011年以來(lái)，這個(gè)國(guó)家種的玉米比水稻多。.Withoutrules,oursocietywouldbeinchaos.沒(méi)有規(guī)則，我們的社會(huì)將處于混亂中。.Givenhisage,hediditquitewell.(過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ))考慮到他的年齡，他做得相當(dāng)好。.HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.(用擬人的修辭手法)歷史見(jiàn)證了莎士比亞戲劇在世界各種語(yǔ)言中無(wú)盡的演出。.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.(therebe句型)(2018?全國(guó)I)語(yǔ)言的出現(xiàn)和消失已經(jīng)有幾千年的歷史了，但最近出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言越來(lái)越少，消失的越來(lái)越多。聯(lián)想拓展?多積累.“各行各業(yè)”的名詞(1)agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)(2)industry工業(yè)(3)business商業(yè)(4)fishing漁業(yè).“主張、建議和要求”動(dòng)詞集錦advocate,insist,suggest,advise,propose,ask,demand,require,request.與“環(huán)境”有關(guān)的詞匯(1)species機(jī)物種(2)reserve機(jī)保護(hù)區(qū)(3)atmospheren.大氣層(4)conservationn.保護(hù)(5)recyclev.回收利用(6)ecology上生態(tài)(學(xué)).“實(shí)際上”短語(yǔ)大全(1)asamatteroffact(2)infact(3)intruth(4)inreality(5)ineffect.“負(fù)責(zé)”短語(yǔ)全接觸(1)answerfor(2)beresponsiblefor(3)takeresponsibilityfor(4)inchargeof.“許多，大量”詞匯掃描⑴修飾不可數(shù)名詞：much,agreatdealof，agoodamountof，largeamountsof(2)修飾可數(shù)名詞：anumberof，afew，manya(3)既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞：lotsof，plentyof，alargequantityof，largequantitiesof考點(diǎn)互動(dòng)探究 直擊重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn).解決疑點(diǎn).掌握熱點(diǎn)trap〃.夾子；陷阱；圈套；困境v.使困住，使陷于；使落網(wǎng)(1)set/layatrap給 設(shè)圈套(2)trapsb.intodoing…誘騙某人做 (不說(shuō)trapsb.todo...)(1)IwastrappedintotellingthepoliceallIknew.(2)Hewillfightevenmoredesperatelyiftrapped(trap).句式升級(jí)(3)Hewastrappedinatrafficjam，sohehadtobepatient，waiting.(用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě))Trappedinatrafficjam，hehadtobepatient，waiting.reservev.貯備；保留；預(yù)訂n.儲(chǔ)備；貯藏；保護(hù)區(qū)(1)reservesth.for…為 保留某物inreserve備用(2)reservation機(jī)預(yù)訂；保留意見(jiàn)withoutreservation毫無(wú)保留地makeareservation預(yù)訂，預(yù)約(1)Beijingwasonceacityofbikes,knownastheBicycleKingdom,wherecarswerereserved(reserve)forofficialbusinessandthepoliticallypowerful.(2)Franklyspeaking,Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve(備用).(3)Irecommendhimwithoutreservation(毫無(wú)保留地),asIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisabilityinhisstudies.beyondprep.超出；除……之外；在(或向)……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊；晚于，遲于；非……所能及adv.在另一邊；在(或向)更遠(yuǎn)處beyondsb.為某人所不能理解；超出某人的能力beyondcontrol/belief/doubt無(wú)法控制/無(wú)法相信/毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)beyonddescription無(wú)法描述beyondcomprehension不可思議；令人費(fèi)解beyondone'sreach夠不著；高不可攀beyondone'spower是某人所不能及的beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比；非常好［寫(xiě)出下列句子中beyond的漢語(yǔ)意思］(1)Theroadcontinuesbeyondthevillageupintothehills.在(或向) 較遠(yuǎn)的一邊(2)Someshopskeepopenbeyondmidnight.晚于(3)Thisproblemisfarbeyondmycomprehension.非 所能及(4)Iknownothingofitbeyondwhathetoldme.除……之外ElIrelevantadj.相關(guān)的；切題的；有意義的(1)berelevantto和 有關(guān)(2)relevance機(jī)相關(guān)性；關(guān)聯(lián)；實(shí)用性haverelevanceto與 有關(guān)(1)Ilearnthatyou'recomingtovisitoneofyourChinesefriends.I'mnowwritingtotellyousomerelevantdetails(?相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)).(2018?全國(guó)I)

(2)同義句改寫(xiě)Idon’tthinkwhathesaidisrelevanttothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.一Idon'tthinkwhathesaidhasrelevancetothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.Icoincidence■.巧合；同時(shí)發(fā)生；一致bycoincidence碰巧Itisacoincidencethat…恰巧的是(1)BycoincidenceIwillgotoo.Let'sgotogether.碰巧我也去，咱們一同走吧。(2)Itwasacoincidencethathewasbornonhismother'sbirthday.他在他母親生日那天出生，真是巧事。(3)WhatacoincidencethatIwasinLondonatthesametimeasyou!真巧，你在倫敦時(shí)我也在那兒。condemnv.譴責(zé)；指責(zé)；宣判；迫使（某人）陷于不幸的境地condemnsb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事而指責(zé)某人condemnsb.tosth.某人被處以某種刑罰；使某人被迫接受困境becondemnedto...被判處becondemnedtodo…注定要做becondemnedtodo…注定要做使某人接受困境或不愉快的狀況(1)Sheknewthatsocietywouldcondemnherforleavingherchildren.(2)Asanoldperson,oneisoftencondemnedtolive(live)alone.(3)Hewasfoundguiltyandcondemnedtodeath(被判處死刑).sacrificevt.犧牲，獻(xiàn)出；獻(xiàn)祭n.犧牲;供奉；祭品(l)sacrificesth.todosth.犧牲……?去做某事sacrifice...for…為 用西牲 (2)atthesacrificeof...以犧牲…???為代價(jià)makeasacrifice/sacrifices做出犧牲(1)Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices/asacrifice(做出犧牲).(2016?全國(guó)I)同義句改寫(xiě)(2)Hesacrificedhislifetosave(save)thechild.-Hesavedthechildatthesacrificeofhislife.熟詞生義 選擇句子中sacrifice的漢語(yǔ)意思(3)Acalfwasofferedupasasacrificetothegoddess.BA.犧牲B.供品；祭品C.奉獻(xiàn)advocatevt.擁護(hù)；提倡，主張n.支持者；擁護(hù)者；提倡者(1)Itisadvocatedthat…主張，提倡 advocatedoing…主張做 (2)(an)advocateof/for支持 的人(1)He'sastrongadvocateof/forstateownershipoftherailways.他是鐵路國(guó)有化的積極擁護(hù)者。句式升級(jí)(2)Theyadvocatethatthey(should)reduce(reduce)airpollution.①Theyadvocatereducingairpollution/改為簡(jiǎn)單句)②Itisadvocatedthattheyshouldreduceairpollution.(用it作形式主語(yǔ)改寫(xiě))【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】advocate后不跟不定式；跟從句時(shí)，從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should)do。substitutev.替換；用 代替 n.代替物；代替者；代用品(1)asubstitutefor... 的代替者/代用品(2)substituteAforB=replaceBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor代替；取代(1)Sheisseekingasubstitutefortheverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.一句多譯(2)史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老師。①M(fèi)rSmithsubstitutedfortheteacherwhowassick.②MrSmithtooktheplaceoftheteacherwhowassick.

③MrSmithwasinplaceoftheteacherwhowassick.［根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用substitute,replace的正確形式填空］(3)Thedriverreplacedtheworn-outtireswithnewones.（4）Wesubstitutedaredballfortheblueballtoseeifthebabywouldnotice.詞義辨析 substitute,replace※這兩個(gè)詞的含義略有不同，substitute強(qiáng)調(diào)“代替，頂替"；而replace強(qiáng)調(diào)“替換，更換”，即把舊的或壞的東西更換成新的（通常用taketheplaceof更通俗些）?！诰湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)上，通常是：substituteAforB“用A代替B”（使用A）；replaceAwith/byB“用B替換A”（使用B）。|threaten1|threaten1.威脅；恐嚇(1)threatensb.with…用 威脅某人threatentodosth.威脅要做某事(2)threat九威脅athreattosb./sth.對(duì) 的威脅(1)There'snosnakeknownthatwillhabituallyattackhumanbeingsunlessthreatened(threat)withitslife.(2)Thehijackers(劫持犯)threatenedtokill(kill)onepassengereveryhouriftheirdemandswerenotmet.(3)Terrorismisathreattothewholecountry.(4)Threatened(threat)byhisclassmates,thestudentdidn'ttellthetruthtotheteacher.11roughadj.艱難的；粗糙的；粗略的；未加工的；粗暴的；危險(xiǎn)的(1)beroughon對(duì) 粗暴/苛刻inrough概略地；粗略地(2)roughlyspeaking大致說(shuō)來(lái)；粗略地說(shuō)(1)Thebosswasroughonhim(對(duì)他苛刻)，whichmadehimangry.(2)Roughlyspeaking(粗略地說(shuō))，Iwouldsaythatabout100peopleattendedtheexhibition.［寫(xiě)出下列句子中rough的漢語(yǔ)意思］⑶Theroughroadmadethecarshake.粗糙的；不平的(4)He'shadareallyroughtimerecently.艱難的(5)Thatareaofthecityisquiteroughafterdark.危險(xiǎn)的12(6)1'vegotaroughideaofwhereIwanttogo.粗略的，大致的12〔means〃.手段；方式；方法；財(cái)富；收入bymeansof用 辦法；借助 byallmeans盡一■切方法；當(dāng)然可以bynomeans=notbyanymeans絕不，一■點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序)(1)Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried(try),butnoneworked.(2)Hegotintothehousebymeansof(借助于)anopenwindow.句式升級(jí)(3)1'llforgiveyouthistime,butyoushallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.(改為倒裝句)I,llforgiveyouthistime,butbynomeansshallyoumakethemistakeagain.【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】means表示“方式”“方法”“手段”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形。表示做某事的方法，means后常接ofdoingsth.,一般不接不定式。||adopt訶.收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用；采納(1)adoptanapproach/apolicy采用某方法政策(2)adopted//.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的anadoptedson養(yǎng)子(3)adoptiveadj.收養(yǎng)的；有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的anadoptivefather養(yǎng)父(4)adoption機(jī)收養(yǎng)；采納；采用(l)Paul,smotherhadhimadopted(adopt)becauseshecouldn'tlookafterhimherself.(2)Hewascheatedintobelievingthathewasanadopted(adopt)son.(3)Havingadopted(adopt)anewmethod,theyworkedmoreefficiently.(4)—Honey,shallweadoptadog?—Adoptingapetdependsonwhetherwehavetheabilitytocareforit.Actually,wearesobusy.(adopt)(2018?北京西城區(qū)模擬)||consideratead.考慮周到的；體貼的(1)beconsiderateof/to/towardssb.對(duì) 體貼Itis/wasconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事考慮得周到。(2)considerv.仔細(xì)考慮；細(xì)想；認(rèn)為；以為considerdoing…考慮做 considersb./sth.(tobe/as)…認(rèn)為某人(物)為 allthingsconsidered總而言之；考慮到所有情況⑶consideration機(jī)考慮；體諒takesth.intoconsideration考慮到某事；顧及某事

(4)consideringprep.&co川.考慮到；鑒于(1)ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.邁克爾通知我們他要遲一會(huì)兒以防我們擔(dān)心，想得真周到。(2)Iconsiderhimtobe/asthebestcandidate.我認(rèn)為他是最好的候選人。句式升級(jí)(3)Ifyoutakeallthingsintoconsideration,youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttobandrugs.①Takingallthingsintoconsideration,youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttobandrugs.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě))②Withallthingstakenintoconsideration，youwillfindthatgovernmentswouldwanttoban4皿85.(用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě))|anumberof|anumberof許多；大量的表示“許多；大量”的詞語(yǔ)可分為以下幾類(lèi)：alarge/great/goodnumberofagreat/goodmany >+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞agoodfew/quiteafew，agood/greatdealof、agreat/largeamountof>+不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞quitealittle ，alotof/lotsofagreat/largequantityof>? 「 十可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞largequantitiesofplentyofmanya',卜+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞morethanone(1)Largequantitiesoflandintheareahavebeenreserved(reserve)fornationalparkstheseyears，whichare(be)nowhometobears，wolves，andotherwildanimals.(2)Amongmammalsalone，thenumberofnocturnalspeciesis(be)astonishing.(3)Morethanonequestionwas(be)raisedatthemeetingyesterday.(4)Onesurveyshowsthatlargeamountsofwaterarewasted(waste)everyyearinChina，andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】largequantitiesof后跟名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一■律用復(fù)數(shù)。largeamountsof后跟不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。thenumberof后跟名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的數(shù)量”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。16〔16〔referto查閱；參考；提到；指的是(1)refer...to…把 提交給 referto...as…把 稱(chēng)為/當(dāng)作 (2)reference兒提及；涉及；參考；參考書(shū)in/withreferenceto關(guān)于 forreference以備查閱；以供參考(1)Thebookreferred(refer)toisnotinthelibrary.(2)TheChineserefertotheirlanguageasHan,asitbecamepopularamongthepeopleduringtheHanDynasty.［寫(xiě)出下列句子中referto的漢語(yǔ)意思］(3)Completetheexerciseswithoutreferringtoadictionary.查閱(4)WhenIsaidsomepeoplewerestupid,Iwasn'treferringtoyou.指的是(5)Yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingfora1?$匕參考(6)Thenewlawdoesnotrefertothelandusedforfarming.涉及；提至U聯(lián)想發(fā)散“查詞典”的各種表達(dá)形式：turntoadictionary,refertoadictionary,consultadictionary,look...upinadictionary。|inturn|inturn依次；反過(guò)來(lái)taketurns輪流taketurnstodo.../(in)doing…輪流做 outofturn不按順序地；不合時(shí)宜地byturns輪流地；交替地It’sone’sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事。(1)Morepeopleareusingonlineshopping，whichinlurn(反過(guò)來(lái))helpstheexpressdeliveryindustry.(2018?河北石家莊二中模擬)(2)It'smyturnto(輪到我)cleantheroom.⑶一句多譯 他們輪流開(kāi)車(chē)。Theytookturnstodrivethecar.Theytookturns(in/at)drivingthecar.Theydrovethecarbyturns.|leadto|leadto導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）；通往leadsb.todo…使某人做 leadsb.to…帶某人去 leadto(sb.)doingsth.導(dǎo)致(某人)做某事leadtheway帶路leadsb.bythenose牽著某人的鼻子走lead/livea...life過(guò) 的生活(1)Inclass,Iwilldividethestudentsintosmallgroupsandleadthemtopractice(practice)speakingEnglishinaninterestingway.(2)Hisactionscouldleadtohimlosing(lose)hisjob.(3)Withhimleadingtheway(帶路),wegottherewithoutanydifficulty.Butforhim,wewouldhavebeenlost,whichwouldleadto(導(dǎo)致)seriousconsequences.Hisactionledustobelieve(使我們相信)thathewasourtruefriend.|allinall|allinall整體說(shuō)來(lái)；總而言之a(chǎn)fterall畢竟；終究aboveall最重要的是；首先f(wàn)irstofall第一-；首先inall全部；總共at2取否定句)一點(diǎn)也不；(疑問(wèn)句)到底；究竟(1)Hehashisfaults,but,allinall,heisagoodhelper.他有缺點(diǎn)，但總的說(shuō)來(lái)，他是個(gè)好幫手。(2)Firstofall,youshouldnothavescoldedtheboyatall；heisachildafterall.Aboveall,hemadeonlytwomistakesinall.首先，你根本不該責(zé)備那個(gè)男孩，畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子；最重要的是，他總共只犯了兩處錯(cuò)誤。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】(1)aboveall重在強(qiáng)調(diào)所列舉內(nèi)容在所有事物中的位置最為重要。(2)firstofall，first及firstly側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)列舉事物的順序，用于舉例時(shí)表示“首先；第一||breakawayfrom脫離；打破breakdown出故障；失敗；垮掉；分解breakup粉碎；解散；放假；(關(guān)系等)破裂breakout(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)；突然開(kāi)始(+doing)breakthrough取得突破breakwith與 斷交；背棄breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入；破門(mén)而入；插話(huà)；突然 起來(lái)(+n.)［根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用break短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空］(1)Thethiefbrokeawayfromthepolicemanandranaway.(2)WhenItoldthemmystory,thegirlbrokeintotears.(3)Somewomenbrokewithtraditionbygoingtostudyabroad.(4)Scientistssaythey'rebeginningtobreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.(5)Whendidyoubreakupwithyourboyfriend?(6)Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.21Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon.如果沒(méi)有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽(yáng)的光線(xiàn)將會(huì)被反射回太空中去，那么地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲校瑥亩股锊豢赡茉诘厍蛏洗婊?。句型：without導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句介詞短語(yǔ)Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases代替虛擬條件句，用來(lái)表達(dá)虛擬的事實(shí)。有時(shí)表假設(shè)的情況隱含在一■些詞或短語(yǔ)中(如otherwise，butfor，or等)。句式升級(jí)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonwithoutyourhelp.(1)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonifyouhadn'thelpedme/ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp/用if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句改寫(xiě))(2)Icouldn'thavefinishedtheworksosoonbutforyourhelp.^butfor改寫(xiě))22Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale,andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.在過(guò)去的幾年里，人們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了大規(guī)模的環(huán)境災(zāi)難，專(zhuān)家們預(yù)測(cè)更為嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難即將來(lái)臨。句型：see表示“經(jīng)歷，見(jiàn)證，目睹”(1)see意為“見(jiàn)證，目睹，經(jīng)歷”時(shí)，常以表示時(shí)代、年代、世紀(jì)或地點(diǎn)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，表示在某時(shí)或某地“目睹、發(fā)生、經(jīng)歷”了某事。(2)與see用法相同的動(dòng)詞還有find，witness，say，experience等，這些詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，用物作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示一種擬人的手法，以增添語(yǔ)言色彩，使表達(dá)更形象。句式升級(jí)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometownsincethereformandopeningpoliciesstarted.(用擬人的修辭手法改寫(xiě))Ourhometownhasseen/witnessedgreatchangessincethereformandopeningpoliciesstarted.跟蹤達(dá)標(biāo)訓(xùn)練對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練，鞏固基礎(chǔ)；升華教材,強(qiáng)化應(yīng)用I.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Inthatboxyou'vegotsomethingthatispotentially(potential)goingtosavesomebody'slife.2.Iftherehadbeenanytalking,itwouldhavecaused(cause)ustolearnless.(2017?全國(guó)I)3.Italyhaswitnessed(witness)asharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.(2017?才斤江).Weadvocatesolving(solve)theUkraineissuebynegotiations..Hisillnessledtohisnotbeing(not,be)abletoattendthemeeting..Apartfromgoodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes..Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay,Iwillbehereontime..Shesacrificedapromisingcareerto100k(look)afterhersickdaughter..Oursoldiersarewillingtosacrificetheirlivestodefend(defend)ourcountry..Considering(consider)yoursalary,youshouldputasideatleast100dollarsaweek..Moststudentswantthatknowledgetoberelevanttotheirfuturecareers..Thebravesoldiersweredeterminedtosaveallthepeopletrapped(trap)intheflood..Toconstruct(construct)aworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.(2017?全國(guó)I)14.Itisreportedthatthenewairportisstillunderconstruction(construct).15.Ifyoudrivethiscarwithoutalicence,you'llhavetoanswerfortheconsequences.II.單句改錯(cuò)（每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤）has1.Itisclearthatallthemeanshavebeentried,butinvain.The2."A-numberofgirlswerewaitingoutsidethegatetoseethefamousstar.nthepastfewyears,thousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.his.Thepolicemanseizedthethiefbythearmimmediately..Theoldcouplewereverykindandtheytreatedtheiradoptedsonverywell.lived.Theyadvocatedthateveryonelive"alow-carbonlife.-suchaniceplace,"Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservedforcustomers.while8.Iwassittingonthegrasswhenitbegantorainheavily.for.Thisaccidentcondemnedtheoldman口apoorlife..Wemustobeytheprinciple甫(allmenareinnocentuntiltheyareprovedguilty.referring".ThepersonreferredtoatthemeetingwasafamousscientistfromtheUSA.be12.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethiefsbeingcaught.m.教材與語(yǔ)法填空GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperature,1.whichinturnleadstoclimatechange.Scientistsholdtheviewthatitcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblems2.facing(face)the21stcentury.Someofthescientistshavereportedthatitishumanbeingsthat3.arecausing(cause)changesintheEarth'sclimate；forinthelast50years,gasespumpedintotheEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicles4.havebeen(be)speedinguptheprocessofglobalwarming.Itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesand5.rising(rise)globaltemperaturesisnot6.merely(mere)acoincidenceaccordingtosomedata.Ifwecontinuetoproducecarbondioxideandothergasesinsuchhuge7.quantities(quantity),wearecondemninglifeonEarth8.andshouldexpectsevereconsequences.Afterall,there'snosubstitute9.forourEarth,soeachpersonshouldtakeactiontoreducetheamountofcarbondioxidetogetherwiththegovernments10.tosave(save)theEarth.W.教材與短文改錯(cuò)AccordingtoareportwhichaimtoassessthelevelsofnoisepollutioninChina,noisepollutionisbecomingaseriouslyproblemallovertheworld.ThereismuchnoisepollutioninChina'surbanareasthaninChina'scountryside.Globallevelsofnoisepollutionareintheincrease.TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveraleffectivenoisecontrolplans,sowecanbeoptimisticaboutChinafuture.Asamatteroffact,averageurbannoisepollutionlevelsdecreasedby3decibelssince1989.Thegovernmenthopestofarreducenoisepollutionlevelsinthefuturewithcontinuedefforts.Withnewregulationsorurbanplanning,pollutionlevelsshouldbedropeverfurther.Withinthenexttenyears,Chinawouldbecomeoneoftheleastnoise-pollutedcountryinAsia.答案Accordingtoareportwhich0amstoassessthelevelsofnoisepollutioninChina,noisepollutionisbecomingaseriouslyproblemallovertheworld.ThereismudnoisepollutioninChina'surbanareasthaninChina'sserious morecountryside.Globallevelsofnoisepollutionareontheincrease.TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveraleffectiveChinanoisecontrolplans,sowecanbeoptimisticaboutChina'sfuture.Asamatteroffact,averageurbannoisepollutionlevelsA - farhavedecreasedby3decibelssince1989.Thegovernmenthopestofurtherreducenoisepollutionlevelsinthefuturewithorcontinuedefforts.Withnewregulationsandurbanplanning,pollutionlevelsshouldbedropeverfurther.Withinthenexttencountry.一years,fhmawouldbecomeone0ftheleastnoise-pollutedcountriesinAsia.V.教材與微寫(xiě)作【寫(xiě)作素材】（關(guān)于環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題）1.實(shí)際上,空氣已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染了。.這已導(dǎo)致大量的人死于與空氣污染有關(guān)的疾病。（定語(yǔ)從句）.對(duì)所有這些行為的后果是要負(fù)責(zé)的，所以我們必須要采取行動(dòng)。.除了關(guān)閉一些工廠(chǎng)外，我們還可以限制汽車(chē)的數(shù)量。.總之，我們每個(gè)人都要盡力而為。【連句成篇】——根據(jù)提示利用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)補(bǔ)全短文.Asamatteroffact,theairhasbeenseriouslypolluted.Ithas2.ledto thatdiedofillnessesrelatedtoairpollution.Allthesearetobe3.answeredfor,sowemust4.takeaction.5.Apartfromclosingdownsomefactories,wecanlimitthenumberofcars.6.Allinall,eachofusshouldtryourbest.課時(shí)作業(yè)I.閱讀理解話(huà)題：旅游難度星級(jí)：☆（2019?山東濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校模擬）WhereIsSpringBreakWhereisSpringBreakgoingtobe?Theoptionsareendless.Doyouwanttogetyourbloodpumpingfromthrillingtravels?Looknofurther!Thesetoursanddestinationswillkeepyouonyourtoesallweeklong.Panama：Thisunderrateddestinationisalittle-knownsecretofthemosttravelers!Throughthistouryou'llgettohike,snorkelandexploreallthebestsightsthisbeautifulcountryhastooffer!Eightdaystoursfor'250/day.Canada：Thisdiversecountryisfullofoptions.ExploretheEastofCanadaandvisitcitiessuchasMontreal,QuebecorToronto.Ifyou'refeelingadventurous,exploretheWesternpartofthecountrywithaCanadianRockiesTour.Duringthistwelvedaystouryouwillhikeaglaciertobeautifulsceneryandwanderthroughpostcard-worthyvillages.TourstoCanadafors200/day.Iceland：CheckoffoneofthesevenwondersoftheworldwithatouroftheNorthernLightsandGoldenCircle.Spendsevendaysfullofadventurelikehikingglaciers,snowshoeingthroughThingvellirNationalPark,relaxingintheGeysirHotSpringsandofcourseexperiencingthegloryoftheNorthernLights!Sevendaystoursfor'300/day.SouthAfrica:DiscoverthediversecultureandwildlifethatmakesupSouthAfrica.Yourtourplanincludesajourneyalongthecoastknownas“RainbowNation”.Hereyouwillenjoybeautifulscenery,ahuntingtravelthroughAddoElephantNationalParkandthewildlifeinTsitsikarnmaNationalPark.Ninedaystoursfors230/day.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為應(yīng)用文中的廣告布告類(lèi)，主要介紹了四個(gè)令人激動(dòng)的旅游勝地。I.Whatisthesimilarcharacteristicofthetravelsmentionedinthetext?A.Exciting. B.Risky.C.Educational. D.Environmental.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WhereisSpringBreakgoingtobe？Theoptionsareendless.Doyouwanttogetyourbloodpumpingfromthrillingtravels？”可知，文章中提到的這些旅行的共同點(diǎn)是令人激動(dòng)的。A項(xiàng)與文中的thrilling相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選A。2.Whichdestinationcoststouriststhemostmoney?A.Panama. B.Canada.C.Iceland. D.SouthAfrica.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Panama中的最后一句"Eightdaystoursfors250/day.”可知，在巴拿馬旅行的費(fèi)用是250X8=2000（美元）；由第三段Canada中的最后兩句"Duringthistwelvedaystour...TourstoCanadafors200/day.”可知，在加拿大旅行的費(fèi)用是200X12=2400（美元）；由Iceland部分中的最后一■句"Sevendaystoursfor'300/day.”可知，在冰島旅行的費(fèi)用是300X7=2100（美元）；根據(jù)SouthAfrica部分中的最后一句"Ninedaystoursfor'230/day.”可知，在南非旅行的費(fèi)用是230X9=2070（美元）。通過(guò)比較可知，去加拿大的費(fèi)用最高。故選B項(xiàng)。3.Accordingtothetext,Panamaisadestinationwhich.A.isnotasfamousastheotherthreeB.youcangotoforenjoyingsurfingC.offersanoptiontohikeintheparkD.takesthemosttimeofthefourtours答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Panama中的"Thisunderrateddestinationisalittle-knownsecretofthemosttravelers!”中的little-known意為“鮮為人知的”，由此可知，巴拿馬不像另外三個(gè)旅游地那么出名。故選A。話(huà)題：環(huán)境難度星級(jí)：☆☆☆（2018?河北保定二模）Giventherecentinterestingreenbuildingsinthemedia,let'sthinkdifferently.Insteadoffocusingonincreasingthesupplyofenergy,whatifwefocusonreducingdemand?Canwestartwithendingtheopen-doorpracticeofstreet-frontshops?Whilecoolairfromtheseshopsisrefreshingtopedestrians,itcarriesacost.Energyisusedintheairconditioningprocess.Soitmustbepossibletolookforchangesinregulationsthatwouldencouragemoreenergy-savingdesigns.Forinstance,ifwefixceilingfans,air-conditioninghomescouldsurelybeavoidedforpartoftheyear.Ceilingfansusefarlessenergy.Theywerecommoninbuildingsbeforeairconditionerswereavailable.Iwonderhowmanyhoursinayearairconditionerscouldstayifceilingfanswerefixed.Inhomesbuiltunderthesmall-housepolicyinNewTerritories,theceilingmaybetoolowforceilingfans.Ifthe9-metermaximumbuildingheightregulationwererelaxed,ceilingfanscouldbefixedtoreduceenergyuse.Currentthinkinginsustainablebuildingdesignandoperationinvolvesintegrated（協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的）design；thatis,bringtogetherallpartiestocreateabuildingwithbetterperformancethatachievesenergyreduction.Forintegrateddesigntosucceed,allpartiesmustcometogetherandthinkbeyondeachperson'scircleofinfluence.Bettersolutionsareimpossibletoavoidwithintegrateddesign.Buildingswouldnolongerbeengineeredafterthebasicarchitecturewasbuilt.Positiveprojectoutcomesmayincludereducedair-conditioningload,reducedpoweruseforelectriclighting,andareductionintheamountofmaterial