-新教材高中英語單元加餐練4UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS（含解析）新人教版

單元加餐練Ⅰ.閱讀理解ACaliforniafamilydrivesacarthatcouldhelpprotecttheenvironment.WhenJonandSandygotothestoreortotheirdaughters'soccergames,theydriveinhigh-techstyle.Theydrivea$1million,fuel-cell-poweredcar.Itmaybetheworld'smostexpensivecarandoneofthemostenvironmentallyfriendlycars.TheFCXisthefirstfuel-cell-poweredcartobeusedbyafamilyanywhereintheworld.TheFCXuseshydrogenandoxygenforfuel.Carmakershavebeenworkingtodevelopvehiclesthatarebetterfortheenvironment.Theyaredevelopingcarsthatusefuelotherthangasoline.Andthenwhatisfuelcelltechnology?Fuelcelltechnologyworksbychangingthechemicalshydrogenandoxygenintowater.Thisprocessproduceselectricity,andwatervaporwhichcomesoutoftheexhaustpipe.Mostcarsreleasedangerousgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandcarbondioxide.Manyscientistssaythesegasesaremajorcontributorstoglobalwarming.“TheFCXisdrivenjustlikeanyothervehicleontheroad,butwithoutthegaseswhichpollutetheenvironment，”scientistssay.Fuelcelltechnologyhasbeenaroundsincethe1800s,butscientistshaveyetbeentoperfectit.Theysayitmaytakeyearsbeforethetechnologyisreadyforwidespreaduse.Anotherearth-friendlycarisalreadyonthemarket.Hybridcarsusebothgasolineandanelectricmotor.Theyarebecomingmorepopularwithcustomersbecausetheycutpollutionandimprovefuelefficiency.本文是一篇說明文。介紹了使汽車更加環(huán)保的燃料電池技術(shù)。1．WhichofthefollowingabouttheFCXisnottrue?A．Itletsoutdangerousgasestopollutetheair.B．Itmaybethemostexpensivecarintheworld.C．Itisoneofthemostenvironmentallyfriendlycars.D．Ituseshydrogenandoxygenforfuelotherthangasoline.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheFCXisdrivenjustlikeanyothervehicleontheroad,butwithoutthegaseswhichpollutetheenvironment.”可知，F(xiàn)CX和道路上的任何其他車輛一樣，但沒有污染環(huán)境的氣體。因此推斷FCX不會排放有害氣體污染空氣，故A項正確。2．Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemajorcauseforglobalwarming?A．GasesfromFCX. B．Gasesfromcars.C．Hydrogenandoxygen. D．Watervaporfromcars.答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Mostcarsreleasedangerousgasessuchascarbonmonoxideandcarbondioxide.Manyscientistssaythesegasesaremajorcontributorstoglobalwarming.”可知，科學(xué)家認為汽車所排放的像一氧化碳和二氧化碳這樣的氣體是全球變暖的主要原因，故B項正確。3．Fromthepassage,weknowthatfuelcelltechnology________.A．worksbywaterB．worksbyelectricityC．hasbeenwidelyusedsincethe1800sD．hasahistoryforovertwohundredyears答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fuelcelltechnologyhasbeenaroundsincethe1800s，”可知，燃料電池技術(shù)從19世紀(jì)就開始了，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)21世紀(jì)了，至今已經(jīng)有200多年的歷史了，故D項正確。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Therewillbenogasolineforcars.B．Globalwarminghasbeenstopped.C．Peoplecan'taffordtobuycarsinthefuture.D．Futurecarswillbeenvironmentallyfriendly.答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theyarebecomingmorepopularwithcustomersbecausetheycutpollutionandimprovefuelefficiency.”可知，因為能夠減少污染和提高燃料效率，這種汽車將越來越受消費者的歡迎，為了滿足消費者的需要，汽車生產(chǎn)商必定會生產(chǎn)越來越多的環(huán)保汽車，也就是說未來的汽車將是環(huán)保的，故D項正確。Ⅱ.七選五HowtomakeQuickDecisionsForYourLifeWemakedecisionseveryday.__1__Whenitcomestomakingdecisions,choosingtherightonecanattimesbestressful,especiallyifthedecisionmustbemadequickly.Indecisionoftenweighsusdown,buttherearesomeusefultipsformakingquickdecisionsmoreeasily.__2__Sometimesthekeytomakingaquickdecisioncomesdowntoplanningaheadoftimeforjustsuchanoccasion.Weallknowwe'regoingtocometoanimportantdecision-makingpointsoonerorlater,sohavingaplanalreadyinhandcanputourmindateasewhenthattimecomes.Overcomefear.__3__Whileitmayseemdifficulttoovercomethefearofmakingthewrongchoice,manyexpertsagreethatweshouldn'tbeafraidtomakethewrongdecision,evenifitseemsimportant.Thevastmajorityofwrongdecisionscanbecorrected,whiledelayingdecisionscanoftenleadtomoreproblems.Writedownalltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofyourdecision.Evenifyoudon'thavealltheinformation,writingdownalltheprosandcons(優(yōu)缺點)isagoodstartingpointforfiguringoutwhattodo.Incaseswheretheresimplyisn'tenoughtimetowritethingsdown,makeamentallistinyourmind.Thinkingoftheprosandconscanhelpyouorganizeyourthoughts.__4__Determinecriteria.Rememberthateverydecisionyoumakeshouldcomewithacertainlistofcriteria.__5__Butonceyouknowtherequirementsyou'relookingfor,makingadecisionwillbecomeeasier.Lookforthechoicethatsatisfiesthelistyou'vemade,andoncethatchoiceisfound,youshouldmoveaheadwithit.A．Haveaplan.B．Thelistmaybeshortorquitelong.C．Communicateyourdecisionwithothers.D．Andthiscanalwaysleadtoaclearanswer.E．Socutoutanyoptionsthatyouknowyouwillnotchoose.F．Often,onethingthatkeepsusfrommakingdecisionsisfear.G．Somecanbeveryimportantwhileothersarenotseriousinthelongrun.這篇文章的作者就如何快速做出決定，給出了自己的一些建議。1．G解析：根據(jù)Wemakedecisionseveryday.以及Whenitcomestomakingdecisions,choosingtherightonecanattimesbestressful,especiallyifthedecisionmustbemadequickly.可知，這里意思是有些可能非常重要，而有些從長遠上來看，并不是十分重要，所以選G。2．A解析：根據(jù)Sometimesthekeytomakingaquickdecisioncomesdowntoplanningaheadoftimeforjustsuchanoccasion.可知，這里意思是制定一個計劃，所以選A。3．F解析：這里提到了Overcomefear.所以接下來會說通常阻止某人做出決定的事情正是害怕，所以選F。4．D解析：Thinkingoftheprosandconscanhelpyouorganizeyourthoughts.這里講了思考優(yōu)缺點的好處，所以接下來會說這總是引導(dǎo)我們找出清晰的答案，所以選D。5．B解析：根據(jù)Rememberthateverydecisionyoumakeshouldcomewithacertainlistofcriteria.可知，這里意思是這個清單可能會很短，也可能會很長，所以選B。Ⅲ.完形填空Lastsummer,ItravelledtoMeixianCountywithmyfriends.ItisasmallcountyatthefootofTaibaiMountaininShanxiIwill__2__forgetthedaywhenweclimbedthemainpeak(山頂).The__3__inthatareachangesveryquickly:itwassunnyintheearlymorningwhenwesetout,__4__itbegantorainheavilywhenwewereonlyhalfwayup.Soon，wewereall__5__andsomeofuswantedtogohome.Theysaid,“Thereisnothing__6__here.Wecametoseethescenery,__7__thepouringrain！”However,theguide__8__，“Sincewehavegotwetalready,whynotjustgoonwithourjourney？”Sowecarriedonupthemountainand,__9__weevennoticed,therainstoppedandthesunwassmilingagain.Whenwereachedthetopofthepeak,theviewwasunique(獨特的)．Upthere,itwasbrightandclear.Theskywas__10__andtheairwasfresh.Thegentlewindmadeusfeelcool.Allthecloudswerejustlikewavesintheocean,__11__andfallingunderourfeet.Wecouldonlyseethepeaksofmountains,asiftheywere__12__floatingsparsely(稀疏的)intheocean.Itwasareallymagicalexperience.Whilewewereenjoyingthescene,theguidesaid__13__，“Yousee,Iknewthattherewouldbenorainabovetheclouds.”Itis__14__.Whileitmayrainbelowtheclouds,thesunisstillthereabovethem.Youwillneverseethesun__15__youdon'ttryyourbesttoclimbtothetopofthemountain.Ifwehadstoppedandgonehomewhentherainwasveryheavy,wewouldneverhaveseenthebeautifulscenery__16__theclouds.Ithinkthisisalsotruein__17__.Asthesongsays,“Youwon'tseetherainbowunlessyouhavegonethroughthethunderandstorm.”Ithinkinthe__18__，wheneverIhaveanydifficultiesinmylife,Iwillrememberthe__19__fromthetopofTaibaiMountainandthe__20__whichtouchedmyheartdeeply:Thereisnorainabovetheclouds.本文是一篇記敘文。作者和朋友們在山中旅行，大雨不期而至。在導(dǎo)游的勸說下，大家繼續(xù)登山，不知不覺中，雨停了，景色也更美了。通過這次經(jīng)歷，作者深切感悟到“不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎么能見到彩虹”的道理。1．A.spentB．killedC．hadD．enjoyed答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.spent花費；度過；B.killed殺死；C.had擁有；D.enjoyed欣賞；喜歡。由下文中beautifulscenery可以推斷出作者很喜歡自己的假期。故選D。2．A.everB．neverC．certainly D．perhaps答案：B解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。A.ever曾經(jīng)；B.never從不；C.certainly當(dāng)然；D.perhaps也許。通過下文可知，作者的這次經(jīng)歷對他來說收獲很大，因此印象深刻，永遠不會忘記。故選B。3．A.sceneryB．cloudC．sky D．weather答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.scenery景色；B.cloud云；C.sky天空；D.weather天氣。由下文所介紹的早晨天氣晴朗，半路上則大雨傾盆，可以推斷出天氣變化無常。故選D。4．A.soB．whileC．but D．instead答案：C解析：考查連詞辨析。A.so因此；B.while當(dāng)……時候；C.but但是；D.instead而不是。由上下文可知，存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。5．A.tired B．hungryC．a(chǎn)ngry D．wet答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.tired疲憊的；B.hungry饑餓的；C.angry生氣的；D.wet濕的。由常識可知，被雨淋的結(jié)果當(dāng)然是渾身濕透了。故選D。6．A.necessary B．funC．important D．instructive答案：B解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.necessary必要的；B.fun樂趣；C.important重要的；D.instructive有益的。聯(lián)系下文可知，他們覺得在這里一點樂趣也沒有。故選B。7．A.notB．noC．never D．hardly答案：A解析：考查副詞辨析。A.not不；B.no沒有；C.never從不；D.hardly幾乎不。有人堅持要回去的理由是“我們是來看風(fēng)景的，不是來淋雨的”。故選A。8．A.suggested B．orderedC．a(chǎn)sked D．demanded答案：A解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.suggested建議；B.ordered命令；C.asked詢問；D.demanded要求。聯(lián)系后文可知，導(dǎo)游給我們提建議。故選A。9．A.when B．beforeC．while D．then答案：B解析：考查連詞辨析。A.when當(dāng)……時候；B.before在……之前；C.while當(dāng)……時候；D.then然后。由語境可知，我們還沒有來得及注意到，故選before。故選B。10．A.darkB．greenC．black D．blue答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.dark黑暗的；B.green綠色的；C.black黑色的；D.blue藍色的。由下文的theairwasfresh暗示出天氣晴朗，而晴朗的天氣里天空應(yīng)該是藍色的。故選D。11．A.jumping B．droppingC．going D．rising答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。A.jumping跳躍；B.dropping落下；C.going離開；D.rising上升。與下文的falling形成對照，表示像海浪一樣起伏的狀態(tài)。故選D。12．A.islands B．fishC．a(chǎn)nimals D．waves答案：A解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.islands島嶼；B.fish魚；C.animals動物；D.waves海浪。從后文的floatingsparsely(稀疏的)intheocean可知，云層中的山脈像海洋中的島嶼。故選A。13．A.excitedly B．proudlyC．a(chǎn)ngrily D．happily答案：B解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。A.excitedly激動地；B.proudly自豪地；C.angrily生氣地；D.happily開心地。下文向?qū)еv話內(nèi)容表明他的預(yù)測正確，因此講話時他自然而然帶著自豪的口吻。故選B。14．A.false B．certainC．wrong D．true答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.false錯誤的；B.certain確信的；C.wrong錯誤的；D.true真實的。聯(lián)系前文“Yousee,Iknewthattherewouldbenorainabovetheclouds.”及“Whileitmayrainbelowtheclouds,thesunisstillthereabovethem”可知風(fēng)雨過后見彩虹是真的。故選D。15．A.whenB．unlessC．if D．while答案：C解析：考查連詞辨析。A.when當(dāng)……時候；B.unless除非；C.if如果；D.while當(dāng)……的時候。根據(jù)前后文可知，表示一種假設(shè)的情況。故選C。16．A.overB．onC．a(chǎn)bove D．under答案：C解析：考查介詞辨析。A.over越過；B.on在上面；C.above超過；D.under在……下面。登到山頂，我們看到的是云層上面的景色。故選C。17．A.studyB．restC．world D．life答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.study學(xué)習(xí)；B.rest休息；C.world世界；D.life生活。由文意可知，作者由此事推出生活中也是如此。故選D。18．A.past B．presentC．future D．life答案：C解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。A.past過去的；B.present目前的；C.future未來的；D.life生活。聯(lián)系后文“wheneverIhaveanydifficultiesinmylife,Iwillremember”可知，此處表示將來的情況。故選C。19．A.weather B．changeC．view D．time答案：C解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.weather天氣；B.change改變；C.view觀點；風(fēng)景；D.time時間。閱讀全文可知，山頂?shù)钠嫣仫L(fēng)光讓我們難以忘懷。故選C。20．A.word B．phraseC．speech D．sentence答案：D解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。A.word單詞；B.phrase短語；C.speech演講；D.sentence句子。冒號后面是一個句子，因此本空應(yīng)選sentence。故選D。Ⅳ.概要寫作閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Arecentstudyshows85percentofpeoplehandedovertheirpersonalinformationtostrangers.Oneineightpeopleadmittedtheywouldreplytoane-mailfromsomebodytheydidn'tknow,whilesomesaidtheywerecomfortablehandingoutpersonal,securityorbankdetailstoastranger.Inreallife,withabitoftemptation(誘惑)peopleseemevenmorelikelytohandoverimportantinformation.PosingassomebodyworkingforamarketingagencycalledCAMS—amade-upnameforfraud(欺騙)—aresearcherhandedoutaquestionnaire(問卷)andaskedpeopletofillinitinordertowina￡400television.Thesurveyaskedquestionsaboutnotonlytelevisionpreferencesandholidays,butalsopersonalinformationincludingaddress,dateofbirth,phonenumberand