2023年華東師范大學(xué)英語博士研究生入學(xué)考試試題

華東師范大學(xué)——英語20２3年博士碩士入學(xué)考試試題

華東師范大學(xué)2023年招收博士學(xué)位碩士入學(xué)考試英語試卷考試須知1）本考卷共包括七大項(xiàng)，共１7項(xiàng)?？荚嚂r間為180分鐘,滿分１0０分。２）試卷中PapｅrＯｎｅ各項(xiàng)答案按對應(yīng)題號一律用鉛筆劃橫線填入答題卡。3）PａpeｒTwo各項(xiàng)用鋼筆或圈珠筆答在答題紙上,字跡需清晰端正。

PapeｒOne

ParｔIＬistｅnｉngComprehension１5%（20minutes)SｅctionADiｒections:Inｔhiｓsectiｏn，yｏuwilｌhｅaｒtenshorｔconｖeｒsatioｎｓ．Aｔtheendofｅａchcoｎversatｉon,aquesｔioｎwｉlｌbeaskeｄaｂｏutwhatwasｓaiｄ.Bothｔhecｏnｖeｒsａt(yī)ioｎａndthequｅsｔionwillbesｐｏkｅnoｎlｙonce.Aｆteｒeachqｕestｉonｔｈerewillbeapａuｓｅ.Duｒiｎgｔｈｅpause,yｏumｕstreａdｔheｆourcｈoiｃesmarｋeｄＡ,B,CandD，anddｅciｄewｈichistｈeｂeｓｔanswer.ThenmarkｔheｃｏrｒeｓｐｏndｉnｇlｅtterｏntｈeＡｎsｗerSheetwitｈaｓinｇｌelｉnｅthｒoughtheｃentrｅ．

1.A．Ｆromtheｐｏliｃemen．C.Ｉntheｔoｗn．B.Intｈecａｒ.Ｄ.Atthepolｉcesｔａt(yī)ｉon.

2．Ａ.Dｏctor．C．Ｒeｃepｔionｉsｔ.Ｂ.Sｅcretary．Ｄ.Patient.

3.Ａ．Mｒ.Bixy'ｓseｃｒｅtａry.C.Atyｐist.Ｂ.Ｍr.Biｘby'sｆrｉｅnd.D.Mr.Bixby'sclient.

4.Ａ．Ｒon.C.Lucy.B．Rｏn'sfｒienｄ．D．Lucy＇ｓhusband．

5.Ａ.Visitｉｎgaｓｍanｙplacesashecan.Ｃ.Visｉｔinｇhisfriendｓheｒe．B.Vｉｓitingaｖaｒiｅtyofmuｓeums．D.Ｖiｓitingtｈeａs.

6.A.Thｅfirstｓpｅakｅr'sisｇoiｎｇtosｐenｄtheｗeekendtheｒeaｎdtｈenviｓiｔsomｅfrienｄs.B.Ｔhefｉｒstspeakerisgoｉngtoｖisitsomefriｅndstｈere．Ｃ.Tｈeｆirstspeakerisgoｉngtoａｔtendaconｆｅrｅncetｈeｒｅ．D.Thｅｆirstｓｐeakerｉsgｏingtoｓeeａdoctorｔｈere.

7.Ａ.Ｍakingsｏｍeｍoney.B.Thissｐｒinｇ．C.Ｔhｉｎking．Ｄ．Puttiｎgoｎasｈoｗ.

８.Ａ.Bysubway.C.Bｙbus.B．Byｔａｘi.D.Ｏｎfooｔ．

9.A.39B.27Ｃ.54D.9３

1０．Ａ．Tｈｅsｅcｏｎｄspeaｋｅrｈaｄaｖｅryｓeriousａccident.B.Ｔhefirstsｐｅakerisｆｅelingwell.C．Ｔhefｉrｓｔｓｐeakerdｏesｎ'tknoｗwｈatｈappｅnedtoｔhｅｓecｏndｓpｅakeｒ．Ｄ.Thefirstspeakeｒｔhｏｕghtｔhａｔtheacciｄentwasnotｓerｉoｕs.

SｅｃtionＢDｉreｃtioｎs:Intｈｉssection，yｏuwiｌlｈｅar3ｓhoｒｔpassａｇes.Atｔｈｅendofeachｐasｓage,youwillheaｒsomequestionｓ.Bothｔhepassageandtｈeqｕｅstionｓwillbｅspokenonlｙonce.Afteryouｈearaqｕｅsｔiｏn,ｙoumｕstchｏｏsｅｔheｂestａnsｗerfｒoｍthefourchoicesmａrkedA,B,CandD．TｈｅｎmaｒkthｅcorｒeｓpondiｎgleｔteronthｅAnsｗｅrSｈeetwｉthasinglelinethｒｏｕghｔheｃentrｅ.

Ｐａssaｇe1Quesｔiｏns1１tｏ13areｂａsedontheｐasｓagｅyｏuhaｖejｕｓthｅaｒｄ.

11.A.Whｙpｅoplｅnｅedｔoｓｌｅep.C.Ｔwopurposesofsleeｐ.B．Twokindsoｆsｌｅｅp.D.Whｙandｈｏｗpeｏplesleep.

12．A．Activｅsleep.C.Phyｓicaｌsleeｐ.Ｂ.Pａssiveslｅep.D.Emoｔｉoｎalsleep.

１３.A.Onlywhｅnpeoplesleeｐｗｅｌl,willtheｙfeelreｓted.Ｂ.Ｄｒeaｍingoｃcurｓiｎａctivesｌeepandhelpsrestoreourｅｎergy.C.Aｌlｐeoｐｌedｒeamforoｎeandahalｆhｏursduringeightｈｏursｏfｓｌｅep.D．Ｄrｅamingwｏn＇ｔocｃuruｎtiｌthepassivesｌeeppｅriodｉsovｅr.

Pａｓsagｅ２Quｅstioｎs１４to17arebａsedｏnthepassａgeyoｕhaｖｅjｕsｔheａrｄ．1４.A.Ｃhｉnｅｓereａdｅｒs.C．ＴheRomaｎｓ.B.Gｅrmanrｅadeｒｓ.D.Noｎ－Cｈiｎeｓｅ．

15.Ａ.TheｆｉrstoｆJａnuaｒｙ.Ｃ.Tｈeｍiｄｄlｅofwinｔｅｒ.B.ＴｈemiddleofＮovｅｍbeｒ．Ｄ.Theｂeｇinｎingoｆtheｈarvesｔsｅasｏn

１6.A.ＩtmeansａperiodofｒｅstfromworkB.Itbｒinｇsusａgｏｏdlife.Ｃ.Ｉtｓｙmboｌｉzesａｎewliｆewithnｅwｈｏｐe.D.Ｉｔｅmboｄｉesａhappyｏccasion.

1７.A．ThecelｅｂｒatioｎofthｅNewYeａr.B.ＴｈeｄiffeｒencebetweｅｎｔheｗｅsterｎNewYearanｄＣhiｎesｅＮewＹｅａr．C.TheoｒｉｇinofｔhｅＮewYearfestiｖal.D.ThesignｉficaｎｃeｏftheNeｗＹearｆestｉｖａl.

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Ｑｕｅstioｎs18ｔo2０areｂａｓedｏntｈｅpaｓsageyouhavejustheard.1８.A.Wheｎshewaｓaｇｒaｄuate.Ｃ.Ｗheｎsheenterｅdauniverｓitｙ．Ｂ.Attheaｇeｏfsｉｘteeｎ.Ｄ.Beforｅsheenteredａuｎiversiｔｙ.

19.A．Ｂecauseshｅwａｎtedtomakefｒiendswiｔhｔheｓtａfｆ.B.Becaｕｓeｓhewanteｄｔoeａrｎeｘtramoneｙforthesummｅｒｖaｃation.Ｃ．Becauseshewantedtogｅtsomeexperｉｅnｃｅinahotel.Ｄ.Noｔmeｎｔioｎｅd．

20．TｈｅhｅadwaｉteｒhａｄasensｅofｈuｍorB.Tｈewomandidn'ｔcareｍuchａboutｈｅraｐpeａrａnｃe.C.Thewｏｍａnｗaseasy-goingａndcａｒｅfｒeｅ．D.Theｈoteｌwａsnoｔfarfｒomwhereｔheylｉved.

PartIIVocabulaｒy(10%）(10miｎｕtｅs）Dirｅｃtions:Ｂelｏwｅachｓeｎｔenｃe,ｔｈerearefouｒｗoｒｄｓmarkedA,Ｂ,CandD．Cｈooｓｅtheｏnethatiｓcｌｏsestinmeａniｎgｔotheundeｒlineｄwoｒdｉnｔｈesentｅncｅｏrtｈpｌｅｔesｔhesentenｃｅ.WriｔeｔｈecorrｅspondingletteronyｏuｒＡnｓwerSｈｅet.

21.Smｉtｈ'spositiｏninｔｈisaｇenｃyprｏviｄeｓhiｍwitｈａｕthoriｔytoawａrｄcontracｔｓandto__obliｇａt(yī)iｏｎsｆoｒｐａymentofｂillsasｗｅll．A.ｉncurｅC.rｅsuｍeＢ.suppoｒtD.incite

２2.Ｆorａlｌheｒrｉｃhexperｉenceinｐrａctｉcｉnglaw,tｈeｌaｗyｏrfａｉｌedtoｐｒｙｍuchinformationoutｏfthewｉtnｅsｓ.A.ｓophisticaｔedC．ｏbstinaｔeＢ.ｓoｂerD.ｇｌｏoｍy

2３.ShａｎghaiOrientＭenBaskｅｔbaｌlTeａmattrｉｂｕteditsNaｔionａlＬeaｇｕeBasketbaｌｌＴouｒｎaｍentiｎ２０２3toａnumberoffactｏrｓ．A.lｏsing.．.ominouｓC.winniｎg．．.advanｔaｇeoｕsB.ｅmbaｒraｓsing．..optimistｉcD.wiｎning．．.advｅnturouｓ

24.A(n）ｏfｅｍpｌoymｅｎｔoｐｐｏｒtuniｔiｅsproｓpectivｅempｌoyｅesenterｉngｔhｅjoｂｍarket.A．exceｓs...ｉmpedｅsClacｋ…ｉnspｉreｓB.sｕrfｅiｔ.．．hindｅｒD.dearth...dｉsｃouｒａges

25.Anｙｏnewｈｏbeｌievesｔhａt(yī)waｒisstupidaｎｄｕnneｃesｓarythinksthatｔolｏseｏne＇sｌｉfeoｎｔｈebａt(yī)ｔlｅfieldis.Ａ．ｇlｏriousC．heroiｃB．futｉtｌeD.coｕrａgeoｕs

26．Unruｌｙpｅoｐｌeｍaywellbecomeiftheyaredeｌtwithbythｅｐeoｐlearounｄthem．Ａ．ｃｏmposed.．.respectＣ．a(chǎn)ngｒy...benevｏleｎcｅB．clａm．..irrｉtationD.dangｅrous．．.favoured

２7.ＩwasabsoｌuteｌywｈenIreceiｖｅｄaＣontｈｅeｘaｍinmathｅmaｔics,ｆoｒIwaspｏsitivethatＩcoｕlｄhaveｇoｔanA．A.elａｔeｄC.inｃitedB.fｒusｔraｔeｄD.cｏnｔｅntｅｄ

28.Inthisｙouthｈood,Jackwaｓwithｄrａwn，preferringtｈecompａnyｏfｂｏｏｋstｏｔhａt(yī)ｏfpeｏplｅ;conｓeｑuently,inhiｓａdulthoodＪacｋｗasｓｏciａlly.Ａ．succｅssfulCｔranquil0B．uninhibｉtedＤ.inept

29.Scｉentisｔsbelievetｈatacoｎclｕｓiｏｎwｈｉchｉsｄrawnｒeａdilybefoｒealｌoftｈeｒelｅvanｔdataａｒecｏllｅcｔｅd,anａlyｚｅdａndcontemplaｔedｉscalled．A.inｓiｎｃeｒeC.premａt(yī)ｕrｅB.pｒｅmｉｓeＤ．preｓumption

３0.Theadｖancemｅnｔofｓcieｎceandtｅｃhｎｏｌogyｈａsdemonstrａｔedthatａfaｃtａppearinｇtocontradicｔtoｃｅrtａintheorｙmayactuaｌlybeamoreaｄvａnｃｅdｆｏrmulａｔiｏｎｏfthatｔｈeｏry.A．ｃonｓｉsteｎtwｉthC.ｅlｉｍinaｔｅdbyB.inoｐｐositｉｏnｔoD.incomｐatiblｅwith

31.Nancyiｓaｎadｖocateｏfｃonｓumｅrｒｉghｔｓandhasspｅntagreatｐａrtofheｒｐroｆｅｓｓionａlｃareeraｔtemptinｇto_＿tｈedｅcｅｉtｆulｃlaimsｏfbusｉnesscｏmｐaniｅs.A.showoｎB.showｏutＣ.showｏｆfD.ｓhｏwup

32.Theloｖｅrｏfdemocrａcyhａsantowａrdstotalitarianism．A.empａｔhyC.syｍpatｈｙB.antipalthyD．sｙmphony

33.AsheｈasｆaitｈinMaｒy'ｓintegriｔy,Mr.Lｅeofferｓtoｗiｔhthepresidentoｎherｂeｈａlfconcerningthe"cｈｅａt(yī)ing"ｍａt(yī)ter．Ａ.interrｕpｔＣ.ｉｎtｅrjectＢ.inｔｅrfereD.iｎtｅrｖene

3４.Ｊennｙ＇ｓｗealｔｈoｆpracticａlexpeｒiencｅaｎdpsychologicaｌaｃuiｔy（shａrｐneｓs）moｒｅthanｈeｒlacｋofformalacaｄemiｃtraiｎiｎg.A.cｏmpｅnｓatｅｆorC.spｅaｋvｏlumｅｓｆorＢ.ａｃcoｕnｔforD.mａkｅfor

35．Aｐpｌiedsciencｅisdｉsｃoｖeringｗaysｔｏuｓethekｎｏｗleｄgeoftheｏｒeticalsｃiencｅ.A.coｎcｅrnｅｄaｂoutC.coｎcernｅdfｏrB.combinｅdwitｈD．conceｒnｅdwith

36．Ｔheforｍerpresｉｄｅntisｔoveｒiｆyatahumanｒiｇｈtscｏurｔheaｔｉｎgcasesoｆatｒocities.A.testｉfyC．pｒｏvideB．ｃonformD.supｐlｙ

37．Asisknｏwｎtｏａll,tｈｅｒailserｖｉcenｏｗoperatｅswiｔhｏutaｓｕmofmoｎeygraｎｔｅｄbytheｇｏｖｅｒnmｅntforassistanｃe.A.boｎｕsC.yieｌｄＢ．ｐensｉoｎD.subsidy

3８．IntｈeAnti-ＪapaｎeseＷar,flｅｘibilityanｄｍobilｉtywｅretheｆeａt(yī)uresofｔheＣhｉneseＥigｈtｈＲoutｅArｍyａndCｏmmuｎiｓtguｅrrilｌaｓ．A．characteｒsＣ.contributesB.aｔｔribｕｔesD.prｏpertieｓ

３9.Ａｓaｙieldancetotｈeｐublicｏutcry,theｇovｅrｎmenｔreｄuｃeｄthetａxonｉncｏｍｅ.A.recｅｓｓｉonC.cｏｎcｅssiｏnB.peｒｍisｓionD.pｏsseｓｓｉoｎ

40.Iｎtheｄimlｉght,Imanageｄｔｏdiscerntheshadoｗyfigｕrｅofabigｄｏgamoｎgtｈｅtrｅｅs.A.makｅoffC.mａｋeｏutB.maｋeｕpD.makｅｏveｒ

IＩI.Ｓtｒuｃturｅ(5%）(１0mｉnuｔｅs)Ｄiｒectiｏns:TherearefourwｏrｄsorｐhｒａsesmarkedA,B,CanｄDｂeneaｔheachsenｔenｃｅ.Yoｕaretocｈoosetｈeonewhiｃhｃanｂestcomｐｌetetｈesentenceifinｓertｅdatｔｈeｂlankspaｃｅ．ＷrｉtetheｃorｒesｐonｄingletｔeronyｏurAnswerSｈｅｅｔ.

４1.Iftｈiｓevｉlmanｒeｍａinｅdunpuｎisｈed，ｏurｓｏciaｌmoraｌstandａrd．Ａ．wilｌundeｒｍｉnｅ'Ｃ.wouｌｄbｅｕｎｄｅｒmiｎedB．wｏulｄuｎdeｒｍineＤ．willbeundeｒmiｎed

4２.Maｒy'sｅyeｓaｒerednｏw,sｈeｍｕｓtｏｎheaｒｉngthesａdnews.Ａ.cryC.bｅcｒｙingＢ.havebeencｒyingD.havｅｃｒied

43.Shｅｂｒouｇhｔhｅｒrａｇeｕndｅrconｔroｌ，herｓmilｉngｆａceｈerｒeａlfeeling.A.dｉsguiｓedC.diｓgｕiｓeB．ｄｉsguisinｇD.toｄiｓguise

44.Themechanicｃoulｄn＇topｅratethｅｍａｃｈｉnehiseｆfortｓ.A．fｏraｌlC．bｕtfoｒＢ.oｗingtoD.accｏｒｄiｎｇtｏ

45.Ｅatingmｏreｎuｔｒitiousｆooｄｔhaｎｉｓnｅededdoesn＇tｍａkeｉtfunｃtｉｏnbetter,ovｅｒfillｉngthｅtankｍaｋesａｃaｒmovefasteｒ.A.nｏtmorethanC.lｅssthａｎＢ.nｏｍoｒethanＤ．a(chǎn)nyｍorｅtｈａn

46．Ｄａvidwassoｃareｆulｏnｔhetestthathisｐapeｒｗas.Ａ.wｉthsoｍeeｒｒorsC.ｆulｌofeｒｒｏrsB.freeｆromerｒorsD.ｎotｈａviｎｇｓomeerrｏrs

47.TｈｅＴＶstａraccｏｍpaniedbｙmanyfansｄｅlｉveｒaspeecｈiｎnoｔime.A．a(chǎn)retｏC.iｓtｏB.aｒeｂeiｎｇtoＤ．ｉsbｅiｎgto

48.Thｅmａnageｒthinksitdｅsｉrabｌethatsoｍeaｄjｕstmentsｗithoutｄelay.A.aremaｄeC．bemadeB.madeD.wｉｌlbｅｍade

４9.Imeｔwiｔhsｏmethｉngdiｆficuｌttodeaｌwｉthaｎdintｅｎdｅｄtotｕｒnｔomｙｔeacherｓfｏrhelpyesteｒdaｙ.Iｒuｓｈedｉntotｈeｏｆfiｃｅonlytoｆｉndｎｏtaｓingleｔeａｃｈｅrthｅrｅ.A.IｃoｕldcｏnsultC.ＩcｏｕldcｏnｓuｌｔwitｈB．couldＩconsulｔonD.cｏuldIcoｎsｕｌt

50.rｅｖeaｌｅdｔｈｅsecreｔ?A.Wｈowａｓitｔhａt(yī)C．WｈowａsiｔwｈoB.ItwaｓwhotｈatD.Itwaswhｏmthat

IＶ.ErrorIdentifｉcａｔioｎ(５％)(1０mｉｎuteｓ）Ｄireｃtioｎs:ThereareｆourundeｒliｎeｄwordsｏｒpartｓmarｋeｄA,B,CandDinｅachofthefoｌｌｏｗingsｅnｔenｃes．Ｃhｏoseｔhｅoneｔhatyｏutｈiｎkｉncoｒrｅct,aｎｄwritｅthecorｒesｐｏｎdinglｅｔteｒｏnyouｒＡnｓwerSｈｅeｔ.５1．Ｍanymoｔionsｓｕbｍitteｄatthefirstseｓsｉonｏｆtｈe10tｈＮationalPｅoplｅ'ｓCｏngrｅsscaｌleｄｆｏrＡBguaranteeｓofthｅrｉghtsoflaid-oｆｆwｏrkers,migrａntｌａboｕrersexcepｔforsａｆegｕardsfortheCDnatｉoｎalｅconomyanｄsocｉalsecurｉtysystｅm.

52．Tomeeｔｉncreasiｎgｄｅmaｎd,ＳhanｇhaiｈaｓembarｋeｄuponthehugeShanghａiAＢHarｂoｕrIｎterｎationaｌPａｓｓｅｎgerTerｍiｎalCenｔｒe,lｏcatiｎｇontｈｅCity'ｓHｕanpuCＲｉver,aｔaｃoｓtof３.2biｌlｉonｙuaｎ.D

5３．ＴhｉｓsceｎiccapitalbeｇanｃonstｒucｔioｎoｆaｍassivepｒoｊeｃtｃｏmpｒiseｓawaｔｅrABCpｉpelｉnenetworkａnｄtwoｗatｅｒｐrocｅssｉngplａnｔs.D

５4.Thｅtrainingofperformerｓ,dirｅctｏrs,ａnｄdesiｇｎershａｖebeｅｎtｈepuｒpｏｓｅｏｆAＢCAmerｉcａnNationaｌTｈｅatreanｄAcademyｆoｒover５0years.Ｄ

5５.ＴheinfeｃtiousdiseasewasbrokｅnoｕｔinHainａnthａt(yī)summerandhundredsoｆAＢｐeopｌｅｗerｅdeａd，mａnｙchｉｌｄreninclｕded.CＤ

5６.Iｉntendedtｏhaｖｅｈｅraccoｍｐａnymetothecｏnceｒtｙestｅrdａｙeveniｎg，ｂutshｅABrejeｃtｅｄｍｙｒeqｕｅst.ＣD

57.ＡlltｈｅsedｉctiｏｎarｉesｗhiｃｈｈａvebeenｄonatedbｙapuｂｌishiｎghoｕseａretｏbeABCDusｅｄｂythｅstｕdeｎtｓhｅｒe.

5８.Werｅiｔnotfoｒhiｓillneｓslastweｅk,hewouldhavebｅenqｕｉteentｈusiasticabｏutABＣｔheplanaｎｄｄoneｓomｅthingｆoｒit.Ｄ59．Soｆａｒaｓｔheinｆｌueｎceｏfcomｐｕｔｅrizａｔionisconcerned,nowｈereｗecａnseeｔhｅABreｓultsmoｒｅcｌeａｒlytｈaninｔheUＳ,ｗhiｃhｒealｌyhavｅamａzeｄus.CD

６0.Comeinanｄｈaｖealoｏkａt(yī)thepｅrｓonｓeａt(yī)eｄbythewindow．HeiｓｎomｏreamanAＢＣthantheoneyouarelooｋｉngfoｒ.D

V.Rｅadiｎg(25%）(60ｍinuｔｅｓ)Dｉrectｉons：Readthｅfｏtlowingｆivepassagescarefully,ｃhｏosetheｂeｓｔａnswerｔoｅａchｑuesｔｉｏnfromthefoｕｒchoiｃｅsgｉｖen,aｎdｔhenwritｅtｈecoｒreｓｐoｎdinｇｌeｔｔｅｒｏnｙourAnsweｒShｅet.

Ｐassａｇe1Bｉrdssoｍｅtiｍesexhｉbitbenevｏlｅｎtfeelｉngs;theｙwillｆeｅｄthｅdeｓｅｒtｅｄyｏuｎgoneｓevenoｆｄｉstinctsｐeciｅｓ，butｔhisｐerhapsoughttoｂeconｓidｅredasamｉstakｅninｓtinｃt.Ｔheyｗｉllfeed,assｈowninaｎearｌierpartｏfｔhｉsｗoｒk,adultbｉrdsoｆtｈeｉrownspeｃieswhichhaｖｅｂecoｍebｌind.Mr.Buｘtｏngｉｖesaｃuｒioｕsａccoｕｎtｏfaparrotwhｉchtookcareoｆａｆrost-ｂiｔｔenaｎdcrippleｄbｉrdofａdisｔｉｎctｓpecｉｅｓ,cleａnsedｈerfeatｈｅｒsａnｄdefendedheｒｆromtheatｔａcｋsoftｈｅotherpａｒrｏｔswｈichrｏamedfreelyabouthｉsgaｒdｅｎ．Itisaｓtｉllmｏreｃｕriｏuｓfactthattheｓebｉrｄsapｐarentlyevincｅsomesymｐatｈyfoｒtｈepleaｓｕrｅsｏftheｉｒfellows．Whｅｎａｐairoｆｃockａt(yī)oｏsｍadｅanestｉnaｎａcaｃiatree"ｉtwasridiculousｔoseeｔheexｔｒerｅstｔakｅninthｅmattｅrbytheｏtheｒｓｏfｔhｅsamｅspｅcieｓ．"Thesepaｒrｏtsalsoeｖinceduｎbｏundedcｕriosityａｎｄcleaｒｌｙhａd"tｈeideaoｆpropｅrｔyａndpossesｓｉon．"Ｔheｙhaｖegoｏｄｍemorｉｅｓ，fｏrinthｅＺｏolｏｇicalGaｒｄｅnstｈeｙｈaveplaｉｎlyｒeｃognizedtheirfoｒｍermａｓteｒsafｔeｒanｉｎteｒvalofｓｏｍeｍonths.Ｂｉrdspoｓsessacuteｐowersoｆobｓeｒvaｔioｎ．Everyｍatedbiｒd,ｏｆcｏuｒse，ｒecogniｚｅｓitｓfellow．Ａudubonｓtatｅsthａt(yī)acertａｉｎnumberoｆｍatｉngthｒuｓheｓ（Ｍimuspolygloｔｔuｓ)remaｉｎaｌｌtheyeaｒroundiｎLouｉsｉana,whｉleothersｍｉｇrａｔetotheEasternStatｅs；tｈｅselatteronｔｈeirreｔｕrnａreinｓtanｔlyrecｏgnizｅdandalｗaｙｓａt(yī)tacｋedbｙtｈeirsoutherｎbrｅthrｅn.Bｉrdsundercoｎfinｅmentdｉsｔiｎｇuiｓhdｉfferｅntpｅｒｓons，aｓisprｏvedbyｔhestronganｄpｅrmanｅｎtａntipatｈoｒaffeｃtiｏnwｈichｔhｅyｓhowwitｈoutａnyapparentcausｅtｏwaｒdcertａiｎinｄiｖiｄuals.Ihaveｈeardofnumeroｕsｉnsｔanceｓwithjａｙs,ｐarｔridges,canaries,anｄeｓpeciallybuｌlfinｃheｓ.Mr.Ｈuｓscyｈaｓdescrｉｂｅdｉnhowｅxtrａordｉnａｒyamannerａｔamedpａrｔiｄｇereｃognizｅdｅｖeｒyｂody;ａｎｄitsｌｉkｅsａnddｉｓｌikeswｅrｅverysｔronｇTｈisbiｒdseemed"ｆondofgaycｏｌors,ａndnｏｎewｇｏwｎorcapcouldｂeｐutonwiｔhouｔｃatcｈｉnghisattentｉon."Mr．Hｃｗitｔhａsdescribedtheｈaｂitsofｓomeducks(recenfiydescｅｎｄedｆromwｉlｄbirdｓ)whｉchattｈeaｐpｒoａchｏfastｒangeｄｏgｏrcａt(yī)wouｌｄruｓhheａdloｎｇiｎtothewateｒandeｘhaｕsｔtheｍselvesinｔheiraｔｔeｍptstoescａpｅ;buttｈｅyｋnewMr.Hｅwitt'soｗndoｇsanｄｃatｓsowellｔｈatthｅywoｕｌdｌiedownａndbasｋinthesuncｌosetｏtｈem.Ｔheｙａｌｗaysmovedawayfrｏmａｓtｒａｎｇemaｎ,aｎdsｏtｈｅywoｕｌｄｆｒｏｍthｅladyｗｈoattendｅdｔheｍifshemaｄeanｙgｒeａt(yī)chaｎｇeinherdreｓs．Aｕduboｎｒelatestｈatherearｅdandtａmedawildtｕrkeywｈichalwayｓraｎawayfｒoｍanyｓtｒａngedoｇ;ｔhisbiｒdeｓcapedinｔotheｗoods，andsｏmedａｙsafterwaｒdAuduｂｏｎsaw，ａsｈｅｔｈoughｔ,awｉｌｄtｕrkeyａｎdmaｄehisdogｃhasｅit;bｕttｏhisａstonishmenttｈebirｄｄiｄｎoｔnmａway,andthedogwhenheｃaｍeupdidnotａt(yī)tacktｈｅbｉrd,fｏrtheｙmuｔualｌyrecogｎizedｅａcｈotｈｅrasoldfｒienｄs．Mr.JenneｒWeiriｓconviｎceｄthatｂirｄspaypａrｔicｕlaｒattentioｎtoｔｈecolorｓofｏtｈerbirds,someｔimeｓouｔofjeａlousyaｎdsｏmetｉmesａsａsｉgnoｆkiｎshｉp．Ｔhusheturnｅｄareｅd-buｎtｉng(Emｂerizaｓｅｈoeniculuｓ),whicｈhadacqｕiredｉtsｂｌacｋheaddrｅｓｓ,intohisavｉarｙ，ａndthｅnewcomerｗasnｏtnoticedbyａｎybirｄeｘceptbｙabullfｉnｃh,whichiｓlikeｗiseblaｃｋ-heaｄed_Ｔhisｂullfinchｗasaｖｅryqｕietbird,aｎdhadnevｅrｂeforeｑｕａrreledwithanｙofiｔradｅs,inｃlｕｄinｇanｏtherreed－buｎting,whicｈhaｄnotasｙeｔbecomebｌａck-hｅadeｄ；ｂuｔｔｈerｅｅd-bｕntinｇwithａblackｈeaｄｗａssounｍeｒｃifｕllytrｅatedｔhａt(yī)ithａdtoｂeｒemoved.

６1.WhydoeｓＤarwincｉteMr.Ｂuxｔｏn？A.Tosuppoｒｔｈｉｓｔheoryaboutbirds'poｗersoｆobsｅｒvａt(yī)ion.B.Tosuppｏrthisｓtａt(yī)emｅntａboutbirdｓ'benevolence.C.Tocontrａsｔｗｉthｈiｓownｏbserｖａｔioｎsｏfｂirds,D.BoｔhAandB．

62．ＷhyｄoesＤarwinｍｅntioｎjays,ｐartridｇes,canaｒｉｅｓ,anｄbｕllfincheｓ?Ａ．Ｔoexpｌainwhysomeｂｉrdｓcａnnｏtbetrainｅd.Ｂ.Toｅdｕcａt(yī)eｈisreadｅronｔypesoｆlｏｃaｌbirds．C.Toｃontｒastwiｔhalaterdiｓcussiｏnoｆshoｒｅbirdｓ.D.Tosupｐorthiｓdiscｕssionｏfｂｉrds'memoｒｉeｓ.

63.WhatｄoesDarwｉｎmeａｎｂy＂asigｎofkinship"Ａ．Markｏfcoｍmｏnｐarｅｎtage．Ｂ．Ｐrｅmonitionoffｕtureｕniｏｎ.C.Symｂolofcompaｔibiｌity.D.Ｅvidenceofｆamilyreｌaｔionship.

６4.Agoodtiｔleｆorｐaｒagｒapｈ3miｇhtbｅA."Dｉfｆｅreｎt-ＣｏloｒedBirdｓ"B."BｕｌlfinchesａndThｅirＣolｏrs＂C．"AnExamｐleofCｏlorＲｅcoｇnitiiｏninＢirds"D."CapｔiveBｉrds"

６５．ThemaｉnpurposeofthｉsｐassagｅiｓｔoA.ｃomparethrｅesｐeciｅsｏｆbｉrｄｓB.reｖiewcuｒrentstudiesofbirｄsC.ｃoｍpａrewildbirdstocoｎfinｅdbiｒdｓD．dｉｓcusssometraiｔsoｆbirdｓ

Passage2

Aｔtｈeｅndoｆｗhatseeｍeｄatediouｓwhiｌe，Ihadmanａgedtopackmyheaｄfulｌofiｓｌands,ｔｏwns，bａｒｓ,＂ｐｏinｔs,"andbenｄｓ；ａndacｕｒiouslｙｉnaｎimａt(yī)emasｓoflaｍｂeｒiｔwas,ｔoｏ.Ｈｏwever,iｎａsｍuchasIｃouｌdshutmyｅyeｓanｄrｅeloffagoodloｎgstｒiｎgofｔheｓswithｏutleaｖingouｔmorethanteｎmilesofriveｒineveryfiｌly,IbeｇantofeeｌtｈaｔIcouｌｄｍakｅherskiｐthｏsｅｌiｔｔleｇａｐs.Buｔofcoｕrseｍyｃｏmplacｅncyｃouldhａrdｌygｅtstarｔｅnoｕghtoliftmynoseatriflｅintoｔheair,ｂefｏrｅMr.Ｂixｂywouldthiｎkofｓoｍethiｎｇtofｅｔchｉtdownａgａin.Ｏnedayｈeturnedonｍesｕddｅnlywithｔhisｓeｔtleｒ:"WhatｉstｈeshapeofWaｌnutBend?"Hemigｈtａsｗelｌhaveaskeｄmeｍyｇｒandmｏｔheｒ'sｏｐiｎｉonofpｒotopｌaｓm(原生質(zhì))。Irefｌｅcteｄreｓｐecｔｆullｙ,anｄthｅｎsａidＩｄidn'tknｏｗｉｔhａｄanｙｐarticｕlarshape.Ｍyｇunpｏwｄｅrychiefwｅntoffwithabang,oｆｃoｕrse,anｄtｈenｗentonloadinganｄｆirinｇｕnｔｉｌhｅwasoutofａdｊeｃtiveｓ.Ｉhadlearnedlｏngagｏｔhａt(yī)ｈeoｎlyｃarriedjustsomanyroundsofammuniｔion,ａｎｄwaｓsuretoｓuｂsideintoaveryplacableandｅvenｒｅmｏrseｆuloldsmoothboｒeａssｏonastｈeｙweｒｅａllｇone．Ｔｈａt(yī)woｒd"ｏlｄ＂isｍｅｒｅlyafｆectiｏnａｔｅ;heｗasｎotｍorｅｔhanｔhirty-fouｒ.Iｗaited.Byａｎdbyheｓaid:"Ｍｙｂｏy,you'vｅｇotｔokｎowtheshａpｅoftherｉverperfectly．ItｉsallthereislefttosｔeeｒｂyonavｅrydaｒknｉghtEverｙthｉｎgelｓｅisbｌottedouｔaｎdgonｅ.Ｂｕtminｄｙou,iｔhasn＇ｔtｈeｓameshapeintheｎighｔthatithaｓiｎthedaytime.＂"HoｗｏｎeaｒtｈaｍＩevergoinｇｔolearｎ,thｅn?""Hｏｗdoyoufｏllowahalｌathｏmeiｎthedａrｋ?Becauseyouknowtｈeｓｈapeofiｔ.Youcaｎ'tseeｉt.""DoyoｕmeantosaythatI'ｖeｇｏttoknowallthｅmｉllionｔrｉfｌｉngｖariａt(yī)ionsｏfshapeinｔhebanｋsofｔhisｉｎteｒminａbleriveｒaswelｌaｓＩknｏwtｈeｓhapｅofｔhefｒoｎthallathome?""Onmyｈoｎｏｒ,yoｕ'vegｏttｏknowthembｅｔｔｅrｔhananymanｅverdiｄknowtｈeshapesofｔhehasinｈisownhouse．""ＩwｉsｈＩｗａsdead!"＂ＮowIｄon'ｔwanｔtodｉscourａgeｙｏu,but"--"Wｅｌlpｉleｉtｏnme;!miｇhtaｓｗelｌhaｖｅitnｏwasanothertime."＂Yoｕｓee,ｔhｉsｈasgoｔtobelearned；thｅrｅisn'tanygettinｇaroｕndｉtAｃlｅarstarｌiｇhtniｇhtthrowssuchheaｖyshaｄｏwｓthat,ifｙoｕdiｄｎ＇tknｏwtｈeshａpeｏfasｈoreｐｅrfｅctly,youwｏulｄｃlaｗaｗaｙfromｅvｅrybunｃhｏfｔｉｍbｅr,beｃaｕseyouｗｏulｄtakｅthｅblａcksｈaｄowｏｆitforａsolidcaｐe；ａｎdyouｓｅｅyouｗouldbegettingｓcａredtodｅａt(yī)hｅｖerｙｆifteenｍinｕtｅsbytｈewatｃｋＹouwoｕldbefiｆtyyarｄsfromｓhorealthetｉmewhenyouｏughｔtobewiｔhinｆiftyfｅｅtoｆｉt.Ｙouｃan'tseeａsnａginｏneofthoｓeshａdｏｗs,buｔyouknoｗexactｌｙｗhereitis,andthｅｓhａpeｏftherivertellsyouｗｈｅnyouａrecoｍiｎgtoit．Thｅｎthｅre＇syoｕrpｉtｃh-ｄａｒknight；thｅriveｒiｓaｖｅryｄｉｆｆerenｔｓｈaｐeonapitch－darknighｔfromｗhａt(yī)itisｏnaｓｔarlｉghtnight.Aｌlshoresseemtobestｒaightｌｉnｅs,then,anｄmightｙdｉmｏnes,ｔｏｏ；ａndyoｕ'dｎmｔhemforstraigｈtlｉnｅｓ,ｏｎｌｙyouknowbｅttｅｒ．Yｏubolｄｌyｄriveyouｒｂoatrｉghｔintｏwhatsｅemstobeaｓｏlidstraightwaｌl（youkｎowiｎgveｒywｅｌlthatｉnrealitｙthｅreisacｕｒvｅtheｒｅ),andthaｔwaｌlｆallsｂａckandmａkｅswａyｆorｙｏｕ.Thentheｒe'sｙourgraymiｓt.Youtakｅanightwhenｔhｅre'soneｏfthesegrisly,drizzlｙ,grayｍｉsｔs,andtheｎｔhereiｓn'tanyparｔiｃularshaｐetoasｈore．Ａgｒaymistwouldtangｌetheｈeadoftｈｅoldeｓtｍanｔhateveｒliveｄ.Weｌl,thendiffeｒentkindsofｍoonlｉｇｈｔchanｇｅtheｓｈape0fthｅriveｒindifferｅnｔwａｙs．

66．WhenＴｗａincoｍparesaｑuestioｎｔｏaskinghｉs＂gｒaｎdmoｔhｅr'ｓopinｉonofprｏtoplasm＂(lｉnｅ１0)，hemｅaｎｓthａt(yī)A．thequestionisinane.B.thesｐeａkerisveryoｌd.C.hedｏesnoｔｋｎowtheaｎswｅｒ．Ｄ．ｈisgrａｎdmoｔheｒwouldbeａｂletｏrｅsponｄ．

67Twaincompａreｓhischｉｅfｔoagｕnpointoutthｅchief'sＡ.ｓpｌｅnｄiｄpoｓtureB.pepｐeｒyｔempｅrC.loveofhuntingD．violeｎｔpａst

68.WｈeｎTｗainｗritestｈatMr.Bixbｙ"carriｅdjuｓtsｏmanyｒｏundsofammuｎition,"ｈeｍeａnsthatA．BixbyｕsｅdaｐistｏltosｅｔtleargｕmentsB．ＢixbyloadeｄaｎdfiｒedhisgunatrandｏｍC.Bixbｙ'ｓgunwasoutofbullｅｔsD.Bｉｘｂy'shotｔemｐerｗoulｄsoｏnsｕbsｉde

6９.Twａiｎ'ｓreａctiｏntoMr.Biｘby'sinsｉsｔenceｏｎtｈeneeｄｔoknowｔheｒiveratｎiｇｈtiｓＡ.deｓpairC．pｕｚzlｅmenｔB.eｌatiｏｎD．humiliｔy

70．Mｒ.BｉｘbyisshｏwntｏbｅｅｘtrｅmeｌｙA.knowledｇeａbleB．rudeC.conｄescendingD．feａrｆuｌPassage3

ＴｈｅＵｎｉtedStaｔescoｕrtsysteｍ，asｐａrtofthｅfｅderalｓyｓtｅｍｏfgｏｖernmeｎｔ,ischaracterizｅｄbyduａljｕdicialsyｓｔems;thｅreａrｅｂothsｔateanｄｆeｄeralｃourｔs.Ｅachstaｔehasiｔsownsystemofcouｒts，ｃomｐｏsｅdofｃiｖiｌａndcriminａｌｔｒialcouｒｔs,sometimesinｔｅrmeｄｉatecoｕrtsｏｆapｐeａl,aｎｄａstateSupremｅCouｒｔ.Thefeｄeralcｏｕrｔｓｙstemconsisｔsofaｓeｒiesｏftrialｃourts(caｌleddistrｉｃtｃourtｓ)servinｇrelａt(yī)ivelｙｓmallgeogｒａphｉcｒegioｎs(therｅiｓatleａstoneｆoreverystate),atierｏfcｉrcｕｉtcourtsofａｐpｅalthatｈｅａrappｅａlｓfrｏmmaｎｙｄisｔｒicｔcourtsiｎaｐarticuｌarｇeograpｈiｃｒｅgion,andtheSupremｅCourtoftheUnｉtedSlａｔes.Thetwocｏurｔsystemsａretosomｅextentovｅｒlapｐinｇ,inｔｈatcertａiｎkｉｎｄsofdisputeｓmaybeiｎitiatedinｅithersysteｍ.Tｈｅyarealsoｔosｏmeextenｔｈieraｒchｉcal(等級制度旳)，ｆortｈefｅｄeralsystemｓtanｄsａｂoveｔhｅstａt(yī)esyｓｔeminｔhatlitigaｎt(peｒsoneｎgagｅdｉnlawsｕits)ｗｈoｌosｅtｈeircasｅｓintheｓtatesuｐrｅmecourｔｍａyappealthｅｉreasestotheSupremeCouｒｔofｔheUnｉteｄSｔａt(yī)eｓ.Thus,thetｙpiｃalcourｔcaｓebegiｎsinatｒialｃourt－---－ａｃourtofgeneraｌjurisｄｉctｉon-----ｉｎtheｓｔateｏrfederalｓyｓtｅm.Mostcasｅsgonofurｔhｅrthanthｅtriaｌcourt;forexampｌe,theｃｒiｍiｎaｌdｅfeｎｄantｉsconvicｔedbyatrialandseｎtｅncedbytｈｅcourtandｔhecaｓeｅnd;ｔhepｅrsonａlｉｎｊurysｕｉｔresultsｉnajudgmeｎtbyatrｉａlcourt（oｒanoｕt-of-courtsｅttｌｅmenｔｂytｈepａrtieswhiｌｅthecoｕrtsｕitispenｄiｎg）ａndtheparｔｉeｓleavｅthecoｕrtsysｔem．Butsometｉmestｈｅlｏsinｇpaｒtｙaｔｔhetrｉaｌcｏuｒtｃaresenoｕｇhaｂoutthｅcaｕseｔhattｈｅmaｔterdoｅsnｏtendthere.Iｎtｈeｓecaｓｅs,the"ｌｏsｅr＂atthetrｉalcourtmayapｐeaｌtotｈｅｎeｘthiｇhercourt．

71.Ｗhatdoesthepassagemaｉnlyｄiscｕss？Ａ.Civilandcｒiｍｉnaltrialcouｒts.B．Typｉcａｌｃourtcasｅs.C.ＴｈecｏurtｓystemiｎthｅUnｉtedＳtates.Ｄ．Theappeａlcｏｕｃess.

72．Acｃｏrdinｇｔothepassage,ｄｉsｔrictcourtsarealsoｋnｏwnaｓ.A.ｃircuｉtｃouｒtsＣ.supremｅcourtｓB.ｉｎteｒmeｄiａｔecｏurtsD.tｒialcourts

73.Inｔhelaｓtsｅnｔenceoｆthｅfｉrstparagraｐh,＂engａgeｄin"ｍeａns.A.commitｔedｔoC.iｎvolvedinB.atｔentiｖetｏＤ.aｂsoｒｂeｄin

7４．Ｔhｅpａｓsageinｄicatｅｓthatliｔｉgａnｔswhoｌosetｈeircａsesｉｎtheｓtａt(yī)etrialcourtmａytａkｅｔhemtｏa.A.dｉfferentｃoｕrtiｎtｈesameｓtaｔeB.federalｔriaｌcourtC.statesｕpｒemecｏｕrtＤ.ｃourtiｎanotheｒstatｅ

７5．Itcanｂeiｎferrｅｄfroｍthｅpａssagetｈattypiｃaｌcouｒtｃａｓesａrｅ．A.alwaｙｓappealedB.usｕａｌｌｙresolｖedinｔhedistｒiｃｔcｏurtsＣ．a(chǎn)lwaysoveｒlapｐingＤ.uｓuallｙsettｌｅdbytｈeSupremeCourt

Ｐasｓaｇe４

Foｒ１5０ｙeaｒsｓciｅntistsｈaｖeｔriｅdtｏdｅtermiｎetｈesｏlarcoｎsｔａnt,ｔheamounｔｏfｓolａｒeｎergyｔｈａt(yī)reaｃhestheＥarth.Yet,ｅｖｅniｎthemoｓtｃｌouｄ－ｆrｅｅreｇionｓｏftheplａneｔ,thesoｌａrｃｏnｓｔantcａｎｎotbemｅasｕｒedpｒeciseｌｙ.Gａsmｏlｅculesanｄｄustpaｒtｉclｅsiｎtheatmｏsｐhereabsoｒbaｎｄsｃａt(yī)ｔｅrsunｌigｈtandpreventsoｍeｗａvelengtｈsoftheｌiｇhtfｒomｅｖerreachingｔheｇroｕnd.Withtｈeａdvenｔｏfsaｔeｌｌiｔes,hｏｗｅver,ｓcientｉｓｔshavefinallybeｅｎａbｌｅｔomｅasuｒetheSun'soｕtｐｕtwithoutbeｉngiｍpededbytｈeＥaｒth'satmosｐhere.SolａrMaｘ,asａt(yī)ｅlliｔeｆrｏmｔhｅＮationalＡeｒｏnａuticｓandSpacｅＡｄminiｓtraｔion（NＡSＡ)，hasbeｅnmeasuriｎgtｈeSun'sｏｕｔputsinceＦeｂruaｒy１9８０.Althouｇhamaｌfｕnctioｎiｎthesａt(yī)ellite'scoｎｔｒｏlsysｔｅmlｉmitedｉｔsobｓeｒｖatiｏnforafewｙeaｒｓ,thｅsateｌlｉtewaｓrepairedinorbｉtbyaｓtroｎａｕtsfromthｅspaceshｕffleiｎ１984.Ｍax'sobservａt(yī)ionsindicatethaｔthesolａrcoｎstａnｔisnotｒealｌyconｓｔaｎｔafteｒａll.Thesaｔeｌｌｉte＇sinsｔｒumenｔshavedetecｔｅdfｒeｑuent，smallvａｒiationｓintheＳｕｎ＇seｎｅｒｇｙoutput,generalｌyaｍouｎtingｔonomorethan0.０5ｐerceｎtoftheSun'ｓmeanenergｙoｕtputandｌａｓｔｉngfｒｏｍafｅwdaystoafewweeks.Scieｎtｉstsbｅlieveｔhｅsｅfluctuａt(yī)ionscoincｉdｅwitｈtｈeａｐpearanceandｄｉsaｐｐearanceoflａrｇegrouｐsofsｕnsｐotｓonｔheSuｎ'ｓdｉｓk.SuｎspｏtsareｒelatiｖeｌｙdａrｋregｉonsoｎtｈeSuｎ＇ssuｒｆaｃｅthａt(yī)haveｓｔｒｏngmagnｅticfieｌdｓandatemperatureaｂout2,０0０degreesFahrenheｉtcｏｏｌｅrtｈanthｅrestoftheSun＇ｓsｕｒｆａcｅ.Particuｌarｌyｌargefｌuｃtuａt(yī)ionsinｔhesｏlａrcoｎｓｔaｎtｈavecｏinciｄedwｉthsightｉngｓoflargesunｓpoｔｇroups.In1９8０,forexａmｐle,SolaｒＭaｘ'sｉnstruｍｅntｓregistereda0.３pementdropintheｓolａrenｅｒgyreaｃhingtheEarｔh.Aｔthatｔｉmｅasunsｐotgroｕpcoｖeｒedabouｔ0.6ｐeｒceｎｔｏｆthesolａｒdｉsk,anａｒｅa20timeｓｌarｇeｒthanthｅEａrth'ｓsuｒｆace.Lｏng-tｅrｍvaｒiationsiｎthｅsolarconstanｔaremorediffiｃuｌttodetermine.AlthouｇhSoｌarＭaｘ'ｓdatａhavｅｉndicatｅdaｓloｗａnｄsｔeａｄｙdeｃlineintheSuｎ'souｔput.Somｅｓｃientistshavｅthｏughtthaｔtｈｅsateｌlitｅ'sagｉｎgdｅtecｔoｒsmｉghthａｖebecomｅlesssｅnｓｉtｉveoveｒtｈeyeaｒs,thuｓfalsｅｌyiｎｄiｃatingaｄropｉntｈesｏｌarconｓtant.Thispossｉbilｉｔywasdｉsmｉsseｄ，however,ｂycｏmparｉngsolarMａx'sobｓeｒvatiｏnswithdａt(yī)afrｏmasiｍilariｎstru