2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解 中國文化(二)

高中高中2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解中國文化（二）一、Formorethan2,000yearstheChinesepeoplehavebeenguidedbytheidealsofConfucianism.ItsfounderandgreatestteacherwasConfucius,whosehumanephilosophyalsoinfluencedthecivilizationofallofeasternAsia.ManylegendswerespreadtoillustrateConfucius'beliefs.Accordingtoonestory,heandhisfollowerspassedacemeterywhereawomanwasweepingatagraveside.Shetoldthemshewascryingbecause“myhusband'sfatherwaskilledherebyatiger,andmyhusbandalso,andnowmysonhasmetthesamefate”.Whentheyaskedherwhyshedidnotleavesuchafatalspot,sheansweredthatinthisplacetherewasnooppressivegovernment.“Rememberthis,mychildren,”saidConfucius,“oppressivegovernmentisfiercerandmorefearedthanatiger”.Insuchteachingandwithsuchwisesayings,Confuciustriedtobringpeoplearespectfortheteachingsofthewisemenofoldergenerations.Healwayssaidofhimselfthathewasa“transmitter,notamaker”.Hecollectedandeditedthepoetry,themusic,andthehistoricalwritingsofwhatheconsideredthegoldenage.Confuciuslaidnoclaimtobeingmorethanaman.Yetwhenhediedhewasadmiredalmostasgod.TempleswereconstructedinhishonorineverycityofChina.HisgraveatKufow,inwhatisnowShandongProvince,becameaplaceofpilgrimage.ThoughConfucianismiscommonlycalledareligion,itisratherasystemofmoralconduct.ConfuciusdidnottalkofGodbutofgoodness.Hedidnotteachaboutanygod,simplysaying,“Respectthegods,buthaveaslittletodowiththemaspossible.”Hisattentionwascenteredonmakingpeoplebetterintheirlifetime,andhisAnalectsarewisesayingssimilartotheProverbsintheBible.ConfuciusistheLatinizedformofthephilosopher'sChinesename,whichwasK'ung-fu-tzu,meaningMasterK'ung.Hewasborninapoorbutnoblefamily.Hisfatherdiedwhentheboywas3yearsold.Whenhewasonly6,peoplenotedhisfondnessforsettingoutsacrificesandforceremony.Afterhismarriageatage19,heworkedforthegovernorofhisdistrict,firstakeeperofstoresandthenasanoverseerofparksandlivestock.Attheageof22hebeganhislifeasateacherbyestablishingaschool.Heacceptedvaluableaidfromsomeofhisstudents,buthealsowelcomedstudentswhocouldaffordtopayonlyasmallfee.Aftersomeyearsofteachingandtravel,hesettledinShandongfor15years.Whenhewas52yearsold,hewasrewardedwithanappointmentasgovernorofaprovinceandneverfailedtowinthecredithedeserved.Heperformedhistasksowellthataneighboringgovernorbecamejealous.Later,Confuciustraveledaroundotherkingdomsandwanderedaboutfor13years.Eventually,hereturnedtohisnativestateofLuinhis69thyearanddiedthreeyearslater.ThestoryofthewomaninPara.1ismentionedtoshow.ConfuciuswascreativeandsympatheticthegovernmentthenwasfiercerthanatigerConfucius'sbeliefsareverypopularConfuciusoftenwantedtoinfluencepeopleAccordingtotheauthor,Confuciushimself.wastiredofspreadinghisteachingsinhislateyear.wasnotinterestedinreformingthesocietydidnotwantpeopletoworshiphimasgodshowedgreatdisrespectforthenoblefamiliesWhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinPara.4mean?Confucianismisdifferentfromcommonreligion.Godblessesthosewhoshowrespectandgoodness.Peopleareadvisedtokeepadistancefromgods.Confuciushighlightstheimportanceofvirtue.4.Intheeyesoftheauthor,Confucius'politicallife.washighlysuccessfulturnedouttobeasurprisewasboundtofailbecauseofhisbeliefwasnotsoimportantashisteachinglife5.AsregardsConfuciusandhisteachings,thetoneofthepassageismarkedwith.objectivespiritB.deepadmirationC.greatopennessD.obvioussurpriseTheTorchFestival（火把節(jié)）isatraditionalfestivalwhichiscelebratedamongsomeethnicgroupsinsouthwesternChina,suchastheYi,Bai,Hani,Lisu,andLahu,etc.Itusuallyfallsonthe24thor25thofJune,withthreedaysofcelebrations.Thefestivalcamefromworship（崇拜）offirebyancestors（祖先）.Forsomeethnicgroups,it'satraditioninthefestivalforelderstosharefarmingexperiencewithyoungpeopleandeducatethemabouttakingcareofcrops.Duringthefestival,bigtorchesaremadetostandinallvillages,withsmalltorchesplacedinfrontofthedoorofeachhouse.Whennightfalls,thetorchesarelitandthevillagesarebright.Atthesametime,peoplewalkaroundthefieldsandhouses,holdingsmalltorchesandplacingtheminthefieldcorners.Insidethevillages,youngpeoplearesinginganddancingaroundthebigtorchesthatkeepburningthroughoutthenight.Otheractivitieslikehorseracesarealsoheldduringthefestival.InahorseraceoftheYipeopleinYunnan,torchesareusedtoformhurdlesforriderstogetthrough.TheHanipeopleinYunnantraditionallytiefruitstotorcheswithstrings.Whenthestringsarebrokenafterthetorchesarelit,peoplestruggleforthefruitsforgoodluck.FortheLisupeopleinSichuan,thefestivalisanoccasionforholdingtorchparades.Bigtorchesarecarriedbyteamsofpeople,whichislikeafiredragon.Ifdifferentteamsmeet,it'satraditiontoexchangethebigtorcheswithoneanother.WhatcanweknowabouttheTorchFestivalfromthefirstparagraph?Ithasnothingtodowithfarming.Itscelebrationsusuallylasttwodays.ItisatraditionalfestivalofallChina.Itisafestivaltoshowworshipoffire.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph1referto?AncestorsB.YoungpeopleC.EldersD.EthnicgroupsWhatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?Whythefestivalisenjoyed.Wherethefestivaliscelebrated.Howthefestivaliscelebrated.Whattorchesareusedforthefestival.WhichisawaythatLisupeopleinSichuancelebratethefestivalaccordingtothetext?Holdingtorchparades.Tyingfruitstotorcheswithstrings.Strugglingforfruitsforgoodluck.Usingtorchesashurdlesforahorserace.三、A63-year-oldChinesecarpenter'straditionalskillshavebecomeanunexpectedInternethitashecreateswoodworkwithasinglepieceofwood,withoutglue,screwsornails.WangDewen,knownas“GrandpaAmu”onYouTube,hasbeenpraisedasthemoderndayLuBan,awell-knownChinesestructuralengineerduringtheZhouDynasty,thankstohisrichcarpentry（木工手藝）knowledge.GrandpaAmu'smostpopularvideo,whichshowshimmakingadelicatewoodenarchhavetoloveit,andyouhavetobeinterestedinit;however,beinginteresteddoesn'tmeanthere'sonlyhappinessandnoGrandpaAmusharedwhentalkingabouthisexcellentcarpentryskills.Hismostpopularworksincludeafoldingstool,amodeloftheChinapavilionfromthe2010ShanghaiExpo,andanapple-shapedinterlockingpuzzle,knownasaLuBanlock.GrandpaAmufollowsanancientChinesemortiseandtenon（榫卯）technique,whichmeansnonailsorglueareinvolvedintheentireprocessofbuildingthearchbridge.Themastercarpenterhasalsomadeseveralwoodentoysforhisgrandsonusingthesametechnique.Hisyounggrandson'sfavoritesincludeawalkingPeppaPigandabubbleblowingmachine.Attractingover1.17millionfansonYouTube,GrandpaAmu'svideossofarhavegainedmorethan200millionviews.Hiswonderfulwoodworkingskills,using.thesamemortiseandtenonjointsfoundintheForbiddenCity,weredevelopedfromtheageofthirteenasawayofsupportinghisfamilyinEastChina'sShandongProvince.“Thegrandsonissohappy?astherehavebeensomanyfineandWhyisGrandpaAmuregardedasthemoderndayLuBan?Forhissimplewords.B.Forhispopularvideos.

C.Forhiscarpentryskills.Forhisexcellentarchbridge.C.Forhiscarpentryskills.WhatdoGrandpaAmu'sremarksmeaninParagraph2?Theoryisfrompracitce.Successdependsonlove.Theoryisfrompracitce.Successdependsonlove.Excellentskillslieinhardwork.Happinesscomesfrominterest.Excellentskillslieinhardwork.Happinesscomesfrominterest.WhatistheuniquefeatureofGrandpaAmu'scraftworks?B.Delicatedesign.Nonailsorglue.B.Delicatedesign.C.Theappleshape.D.Thewoodenmaterial.C.Theappleshape.Whatmessagedoesthistextmainlyconvey?A.Beingpopularmeansmorefans.Perfectskillsearnmoremoney.Supportingfamilyneedsmoreskills.Traditionalcraftsdeservepassingon.四、TheBeijingYouthDailyonThursdaycalledattentiontothestrugglesoftraditionaloperasinChina.ThenewspapersaidthenumberofuniquetraditionalChineseoperastyleshaddecreasedto286from368in1959,withthreedisappearingeverytwoyearsonaverage.Altogether,74operastyleshadonlyonetroupeleft,andmostwereattheriskoffadingaway.XieBoliang,aprofessorattheNationalAcademyofChineseTheatreArts,said,“Itiswellknownthatpeopleshouldbeheldaccountableforsoilerosion,butwhydowefeelateasewhentraditionaloperasfadeaway?”O(jiān)verwhelmedbymoderncultureandentertainmentsuchasmovies,TVprogramsandpopmusic,traditionalChineseoperashavebeenseverelymarginalized.Despitebeingincludedonthestate-levelIntangibleCulturalHeritagelist,someoperasstillhavenoplacetoperform.Becauseofthemarketslump（衰退）andlowsalaries,moretraditionalChineseoperapractitionersarefindingotherwork,asaremanydirectorsandplaywrights.SunJiazheng,chairmanoftheChinaFederationofLiteraryandArtCircles,saidtraditionaloperasareimportantcarriersofChineseculture,andshouldbepreserved.TheStateCouncilissuedacircularinJulycallingforthepromotionandprotectionoftraditionalChineseoperas,sayingthatitwouldallocatefinancialsupportandextendpreferentialpoliciestooperatroupesandschools.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“marginalized”inparagraph4mean?A.Ignored.B.Promoted.C.Prevented.D.Emphasized.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Tocriticizelowsalariesforthepractitioners.Toshowthecomparisonofdifferentcultures.TotellpeopletraditionalChineseoperasarefacingdanger.TocallforpeopletodonatetotraditionalChineseoperas.Thepassagemightcomefrom.A.asciencefictionB.anewswebsiteC.abrochureaboutoperasD.theintroductionofanartgallery五、WHAT'SONSTAGERussiandances:Thefamous“LittleWhiteBirth”DanceTroupewilltravelfromRussiatoPresentperformancesinBeijing.Thetroupe,foundedin1948,isfamousfortheircombinationofRussianfolkdancesandclassicaldancingart.IthasbeeninvitedbytheBeijingForeignCultureExchangeCotogivefourperformancesinBeijing.Ticketsareavailable（可得到的）,andTime:7:30pm,January18—21Place:BeizhanTheatre,135,XiwaiDajie,XichengDistrictTel:6606—4258EXHIBITIONSKiteshow:Alltogether81kitescollectedbytheChinaNationalArtMuseumisonshowintheYanhuangArtMuseum.KongXiangze,anexpertonChinesekites,publishedabookonkites,explainingtheoriginsoftheKite—makingprocess.TheexhibitedkitesaremadeinatraditionalChinesestyle.Time:9am—5pmuntilFebruary11Place:9HuizhongLuTel:6491—2902CONCERTSFolkmusic:AconcertofclassicsofChinesefolkmusicwillgreetaudiencesonthefirstdayoftheYearofSnakeattheBeijingConcertHall.TheChinaSongandDanceEnsemblewillperformdozensoftraditionalinstrumentalpieces,suchas“FullofJoy,”“ColourfulCloudChasingtheMoon,”and“SpringFestivalSuite.”Time:7:30pm,January24Place:1,Beixinhuajie,XichengDistrictTel:6559—8285EVENTSFlowerfestival:TheBeijingBotanicalGardenisbringingpeopleabloomingfestivalwiththebeautifulflowersinitstropical（熱帶）plantsgreenhouse.Thegardenhasintroducednearly80kindsofflowersfromabroadfortheexhibition.Thereisalsoanexhibitionofpottednarcissus（水仙［landscapes（風景）.Morethan300minilandscapesinvolvingimportednarcissuswillbedisplayed.P,thegarden'swebsite.Time:8:30am-5pmuntilJanuary28Place:WofosiLuneartheFragantHillsTel:8259—55471.SupposeyouaretoofarawayfromBeijingoryoucan'tsparetimetogothereinperson,whichofthefollowingshowcanyouenjoyallthesame?A.RussiandancesB.KiteshowC.FolkmusicD.FlowerfestivalThephrase“getapreviewof”usedinthepassagemeans.A.watchinadvanceB.seeclearlyC.getgoodpositionofD.getageneralideaof3.Ifyouandyourclassmateshaveafreeeveningtospendonthe19thofJanuary,whichisausefulnumbertocall?A.6606—4258B.6491—2902C.6559—8285D.8259—5547BaiYe,directoroftheChinaContemporaryLiteratureStudyAssociation,hadadialoguewithafamousCanadiancriticataneventinBeijingonculturaltranslationandstudies.AstheydiscussedCanadianliterature,Baigaveexamplesofseveralauthorsthatheliked.TheCanadiancritic,ontheotherhand,couldnotthinkofanyChinesewriterwhoseworksshehadread.foreignliteraryworks.Obviously,foreignreadersknownothingaboutChineseliterature.AndIThemajorpurposeoftheeventhostedatBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversitywastodiscusshowtotranslateandintroduceexcellentcontemporaryChineseliteraryworkstooverseasreaders.InChina,morethan7,000writershaveregistered（登記）withtheChinaWritersAssociation,creatingmorethan3,000novelseachyear.Butonlysome200-plusChinesewritershavebeenintroducedoverseas.MaiJia,authorofandtheistheonlycontemporaryChinesewriterwhoseworkshavebeentranslatedinto27languages,saysXuBaofeng,anotherparticipantattheevent.XusaysthereshouldhavebeenmoreChinesewriterswhoseworkscouldbereadbyoverseasreaders,sincetheycreatereallygreatworks.BaisaysforeignreadersnowtendtoreadstoriesaboutmodemurbanlifeinChinaratherthanwethinkareexcellentworks,butmanyforeignreaderswanttoreadthehistoricalprogressinthelast40yearssincethereformandopening-upstarted...However,wedon'thavesuchnovels.SoILuMin,vice-chairmanofthewritersassociationinJiangsuprovince,dismissessuchwritings.定做的shesays.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean?A.ThatmadeBaifeelunabletohelp.B.ThatmadeBaifeelshocked.C.ThatmadeBaifeelmuchadmiration.D.ThatmadeBaifeelannoyed.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?C.Contemporaryworksonmigrantworkersmayarousetheinterestofoverseasreaders.D.MostcontemporaryChinesewriters'workshaveenjoyedgreatpopularityamongoverseasreaders.WhichcouldbeLuMin'sopiniononliterature?A.Itisthemedia'sdutytospreadit.Ittellsmoreaboutasocietythanthemedia.Itneedstoincludetopicssuchasmigrantworkers.Itshouldn'tbecreatedbasedonforeignreaders'favor.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Whattopicsbeingpopularamongforeignreaders.Foreignreaders'impressionofChineseliterature.PromotingcontemporaryliteraturestudiesinChina.IntroducingexcellentcontemporaryChineseliteratureoverseas.答案以及解析一、答案：1.C;2.C;3.D;4.A;5.B解析：1.一、二兩段主要論述了孔子思想影響之廣。第三段中的Healwayssaidofhimselfthathewasa"transmitter,notamaker”.以及第四段中的Confuciuslaidnoclaimtobeingmorethanaman,可知孑L子謙虛態(tài)度。第五段的段意,孔子強調人的美德。第七段Heperformedhistasksowellthataneighboringgovernorbecamejealousandplottedhisover-throw中可知孑子政績優(yōu)異。通讀全文可知作者以贊賞的口吻介紹了孑子。二、答案：1.D;2.B;3.C;4.A解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據題干中的關鍵信息thefirstparagraph可定位至文章第一段第三句Thefestivalcamefromworship（崇拜）offirebyancestors（祖先）.由此可知,火把節(jié)源于祖先對于火的崇拜。故正確答案為Do2.猜測詞義題。根據文章第一段最后一句Forsomeethnicgroups,it'satraditioninthefestivalforelderstosharefarmingexperiencewithyoungpeopleandeducatethemabouttakingcareofcrops.可知,對于一些少數民族來說,年長者與年輕人分享種植經驗并教育他們如何照料莊稼是節(jié)日的傳統(tǒng)。這里的them指代前半句中的youngpeople，因此B項符合文意。故正確答案為B。3?主旨大意題。A項,“為什么人們喜歡這個節(jié)日”,B項，"在哪里慶祝節(jié)日",C項，“如何慶祝節(jié)日”,D項,“這個節(jié)日用的是什么火把”。根據文章第二段倒數第一、二句Insidethevillages,youngpeoplearesinginga