英國文學(xué)選讀unit6公開課一等獎市優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎?wù)n件

英國文學(xué)選讀教學(xué)課件Unit6RomanticPoets(I)WilliamBlake(1757-1827)RobertBurns(1759-1796)WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834)WilliamBlake(1757-1827)

SonofasmallLondontradesman,WilliamBlakewasbornonNovember28,1757.Hewasthemostindependentandthemostoriginalpoetofthe18thcentury.ASastrangeandimaginativechild,hissoulwasmoreathomewithbrooksandflowersandfairiesthanwiththecrowdofthecitystreets.Heneverwenttoschool,butpickeduphiseducationaswellashecould.HisfavoritewritersincludesuchgiantsasShakespeareandMilton.Attheageoften,hewassenttoadrawingschool,andat14,hewasapprenticedtoanengraver(雕刻師)andlaterbegantoearnhislivingasanengraverforvariouspublishers.Buthewasneverprosperousinthisbusinessandremainedpoorandobscureallhislife.In1782hemarriedCatherineBoucher,anilliterategirl.Blaketaughthertoreadandtohelphiminhisengravingandprinting.Ataboutthesametimewhentheygotmarried,BlakemixedwithagroupofbourgeoisintellectualsinLondon.TowofhisfriendsamongthegroupprintedhisPoeticalSketches(詩旳素描)attheirexpense.Inthesepoems,HeshowedcontemptfortheruleofreasonthenprevailinginEnglishpoetryandvoicedhissympathywiththefreshspiritofElizabethanpoetry.Duringtheyears1788—1793,BlakemixedalotwithsuchpoliticalradicalsandsocialreformersofthetimeasThomasPaineandRichardPrice.Atthesametime,underthestimulusoftheFrenchRevolution,hewroteaseriesoflongpoems,whichhecalledProphecies,includingthefamous“TheFrenchRevolution,aProphecy(預(yù)言)”(1791)—describingtheepoch-makingattackonBastille(監(jiān)獄).Inthemeantime,BlakealsoturnedtothetriumphofAmericanIndependence,whichiswellinterpretedin“VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbionandAmerica,aProphecy”(1783).Inthesepoems,Blakewasinsympathywiththepoliticalradicalsintheirrevoltagainstpriestsandkings,againsttheslaveryandtheoppressionandexploitationofthepoor.However,hedifferedfromtheminthathecaredmoreforwhatheconsideredtobeinnerspirituallibertyratherthantheirexternalpoliticalandsocialliberty.Besidesthis,Blakealsowroteapropheticsatiremainlyinprose—TheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790),whichcontains“ASongofliberty”asitslastsectionandwasconsideredbySwinburneasthegreatestofBlake’sworks.ThisprosewordisgreatandimportantforitsexpressionofBlake’sspiritofrebellionagainstoppression.In1789,BlakepublishedSongsofInnocenceandin1794,

SongsofExperience.Inhisoldage,Blakegaveuppoetryanddevotedhimselftopaintingandengraving.In1827,hediedinobscurityandpoverty.RobertBurns,thegreatestScottishpeasantpoet,wasborninaclaycottageatAlloway,Scotland,inthewinterof1759.HisfatherwasanexcellentScottishpeasantwhotoiledfromdawntilldarktowrestalivingforhisfamilyfromthebarrensoil.Burnswastheeldestofthesevensons.Hehadonlytwoandahalfyearsofregularschoolingandafterthathewaschieflytaughtbyhisfatherwhilehehelpedwiththeworkonthefarm.HedidalotofreadingandbecamequitefamiliarwiththeoldScottishsongsandballadsandalsosomeFrench.At13,Burnsafullpeasant’slabour;at16,hewasachieflaboureronhisfather’sfarm.Whileworkinginthefields,Burnsoftensangtohimself,composingnewlinesinhismindtotheoldpopularScottishtuneswhichheknew.RobertBurns(1759-1796)In1784,thefatherdied.Theyburiedhim，movedtoMossgiel,andbeganthehardstrugglewithpoverty.Inspiteofhisprudence(節(jié)儉)andindustry(勤勞),hecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.In1786,bankruptcythreatenedthefamily.Burnsdecidedtogoabroadinsearchofaliving.Hecollectedsomeofhisearlypoems,hopingtosellthemtogetsomemoneyforthejourney.ThepoemswerepublishedinJuly,1786,underthetitleofPoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect,whichwaswellreceived.Burnsgot20poundsforthis.Hehadalreadyboughttheticketforthejourneyandwasreadytoleavewhenaletterfromthepublisherreachedhim.Theletterencouragedhimtoissueasecondeditionofhispoems.BurnsgaveuphisplanandwenttoEdinburghtoarrangeforanothereditionofhiswork.ButatEdinburgh,hefelthimselfquiteanalien(外鄉(xiāng)人)inthearistocraticcirclewhodespisedhimasaploughman-poet.Soheleftthecityinangeranddisappointmentandwentbacktothesoil,wherehefeltmoreathome.ThelastfewyearsofBurns’lifewereasadstory.HispublicsupportoftheFrenchRevolutionbothinspeechandwritingbroughthimintoconfrontationwiththeauthoritiesandhispositionasanexciseman(英國旳收稅官)wasendangered.Soon,alongillnessstrangledhisgreatpoeticgeniusandhediedmiserablyin1796atonly37.BurnsischieflyrememberedforthesongswrittenintheScottishfolksongsforthetwoanthologies(詩集),entitledrespectivelyTheScotsMuseum

andselectCollectionofOriginalScottishAirs.Themesofthesesongsrangefromloveandfriendshiptopatriotismandrevolution.Burns’poemsaredividedintothreegroups:thefirstgroupisaboutloveandfriendship,like“ARed,RedRose,”“HighlandMary,”and“AuldLangSyne.”TheyrankamongthebestloveandfriendshiplyricsintheEnglishlanguageandinworldliterature.ThesecondgrouphastodowithScottishlife,especiallytherurallifeoftheScottishpeasants.Thebestofthisgroupis“MyHeart’sintheHighland.’ThethirdgrouprevealsBurns’attitudetowardliberty,equalityandfraternity(友愛)undertheimpetus(推動)ofFrenchRevolution.Therearealsoanumberofpoemsonreligionandquiteafewpoemsonnature.BurnsisthenationalpoetofScotland.HissongsareScottishinessence.WilliamWordsworthwasborninCockermouth,England.In1778,whenWordsworthwaseightyearsold,hismotherdiedandhisfamilyconsequentlydispersed(驅(qū)散):theboysweresenttoaboardingschool,andhissister,Dorothy,wassenttolivewithcousinsinHalifax.Wordsworth’sstayintheruralsurroundingsofHawkeshead,locatedinthelushLakeDistrictinNorthwesternEngland,provedtobefruitful.Itwastherethathefirstdevelopedthelovefortheoutdoors.Heeagerlylearnedmuchfromthenaturalsurroundings,butheequallyenjoyedhisformaleducationandshowedhistalentforwritingpoetry.However,somesixyearslater,hisfatherpassedaway,marringthistranquility(平靜，寧靜)andpleasure.In1787,WilliamWordsworthlefthisbelovedLakeDistrictandstartedhisstudyatSt.John’sCollege,Cambridge,puttinganendtothefirstoffourperiodsofalonganduneventful(太平無事旳)life.WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)HisenrollmentinSt.John’smarkedthebeginningofaperiodofuncertainty,stormandstressfrom1787to1797.ThisincludedhisuniversityyearsatCambridge,histravelsabroad,andhisrevolutionaryexperience.Inhislastvacationandafterhisgraduationin1791,hemadetwotripstotheContinentandwasgreatlyinfluencedbytheFrenchRevolution.Althoughhepreviouslyshowedlittleinterestinpolitics,Wordsworthwaskindledwithzealandwasreadytoengagehimselfinthestruggleforhisdreamsandhopeslfanidealrepublic.However,afterhisallowancewascutoff,hewasobligedtoreturntoEnglandin1793.Thenextseveralyearsturnedouttobeatimeofuncertaintyandanxiety.Hebecamemoueandmoueconservativeinpolitics,assumingtheroleoftheleadingpassiveromanticist.However,thepublicationofhistwovolumesofpoetry,DescriptiveSketchesandAnEveningWalk,writteninaconventionaleighteenth-centurystyle,helpedraisehisspirits.In1795,WordsworthreturnedwithhissisterDorothytotheLakeDistrict.Hedevotedhimselftoreadingandwritingwhilehissistermanagedthehousehold.DuringhisfirstteartherehewitnessedthepublicationofaversedramaTheBorderers.Butwhatoccurrednextprovedtobemoreimportant.HemetSamuelTaylorColeridgein1797andtheystartedafriendshipconsideredbymanycriticsasoneofthemostextraordinaryinEnglishliterature.Inthisintellectuallystimulatingatmosphere,Wordsworthenteredaperiodofremarkablecreativityandintrospection,whichlastedfrom1797to1799.1798sawthepublicationofLyricalBalladswhichfirmlyestablishedWordsworth’sfameasapoetandmarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticrevival.Anonymouslypublished,thiscollectionofexperimentalpoemsistheresultofthetwofriends’collaboration.ThemajorityofthepiecesarewrittenbyWordsworth,includingthefamous“Preface”,inwhichheexphasizestheimportantof“anunadornedstyle”anddemonstrateshis“distasteforthe‘gaudiness’ofeighteenth-centurypoeticdiction”,claimingthatthereexistsno“essentialdifferencebetweenthelanguageofproseandmetricalcomposition”.Wordsworthadoptsasimpleandpowerfullydirectstyleforthedepictionofthepassionsofmanandthebeautiesofnature.Withprofitsfromthebook,WordsworthhadajourneytoGermanyin1798-99withhissisterandColeridge.The“Lucy”poemsandthefirsttwobooksofThePreludewerecomposedduringthetrip.Afterthejourney,WordsworthreturnedtoEnglandandembarkedonthefourthperiodofhislife,alongperiodofretirementinthenorthernlakeregionwherehehadaserenelifesoclosetonaturethatherinfluenceisreflectedinallhispoetry.Inthefollowingyears,Wordsworthpublishedaseriesofworks,includingthePoemsof1807,TheExcursion(1814),thePoemsof1815,therelongnarrativepoems—TheWhiteDoeofRylstone(1815),PeterBell(1819)andTheWaggoner(1819),YarrowRevisitedandOtherPoems

(1835)andTheSonnetsofWilliamWordsworth(1838).Alltheseworksmadehimahighlyrespectableliteraryfigureinthe1830s,andin1843,hewasnamedPoetLaureate.Whenhediedin1850,hewasoneofEngland’sbest-lovedpoets.SamuelTaylorColeridgewasoneofthe3LakePoets.ButSouthey’sreputationhasgreatlydeclined,andtodayheisrarelyread.ButWordsworthandColeridgearestillimportantinthehistoryofEnglishRomanticismnotonlyforwhattheywrotebutforwhattheydid.Coleridge’stheoriesofliteraturenotonlydidmuchtopromotethespiritofRomanticismbuttheyalsohavehadconsiderableinfluenceonlaterwritesandcritics.ManypeopletodaythinkthatColeridgeisthemostprovocativeofallEnglishcritics.Heis,ofcourse,knowntoeveryoneastheauthorofthatexperimentintheballadmanner(TheRimeoftheAncientMariner,andhisCublaKhanhavealwayshavemanyadmirers.)OfallRomanticPoets,Coleridgewasthemostsuccessfulincreatingasenseofaweandwonderinhisworkandinwaysthathadneverseenbefore,forthecharactersandeventswereproductsofhisimagination.SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834)Bornintheruralareain1772,Coleridgeinheritedhisbookishtastesfromhisfather,alearnedclergymen.Coler