新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT8GREENLIVINGSectionⅡLesson2Lesson3學(xué)案北師大版

SectionⅡLesson2&Lesson3Ⅰ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.profit A．a(chǎn)dj.普通的；平常的()2.contented B．n.提議，建議()3.occur C．vt.克服(困難)；控制(感情)()4.region D．n.盈利，利潤(rùn)()5.overcome E．vi.發(fā)生()6.former F．a(chǎn)dv.因此；由此()7.current G．n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域()8.ordinary H．a(chǎn)dj.滿意的；滿足的()9.therefore I．a(chǎn)dj.當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)時(shí)的()10.proposal J．a(chǎn)dj.以前的，從前的[答案]1－5DHEGC6－10JIAFBB．短語(yǔ)匹配()1.standfor A．想出，想到()2.thanksto B．調(diào)整(情緒)()3.comeupwith C．(使)某人夢(mèng)想成真()4.makesb.'sdreamcometrue D．代表；容忍()5.workthrough E．幸虧；由于[答案]1－5DEACBⅡ.默寫(xiě)單詞1．postern． 海報(bào)2．slimadj. 微小的；苗條的；薄的3．raten. 比率，率4．quoten. 引文，引用(的話)5．foundern. 創(chuàng)辦人，創(chuàng)始人6．parkingn. (車輛等的)停放7．pathn. 小徑，小道8．trackingn. 跟蹤9．destinationn. 目的地；終點(diǎn)10．disappearv. 消失，不見(jiàn)Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞occur；therefore；rate；profit；parking；destination；region；ordinary；slim；overcome1．Thisyeartheairlinewillbehard-pressedtomakeaprofit．2．Howdoyoumanagetostaysoslim?3．Theneedsandopinionsofordinaryworkingpeoplewereignored.4．Ourluggagewascheckedallthewaythroughtoourfinaldestination．5．Thetwopartiesmanagedtoovercometheirdifferencesontheissue.6．WearestronglyopposedtothepresenceofAmericainthisregion．7．He'sonly17andthereforenoteligibletovote.8．Thereisnoparkingherebetween9：00a．m.and6：00p．m.9．Sucheventsoccuronlywhentheexternalconditionsarefavorable.10．Thenumberofreportedcrimesisincreasingatanalarmingrate．Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空之派生詞1．Hewasoneofthefounders(found)oftheuniversity'smedicalfaculty.2．Curiously，apartfromtheeventorganiser(organise)，nooneofferedthemselvestobefilmedbythecompany.3．Chinahasalwaysbeenclassedasanagricultural(agriculture)country.4．Then，theyshouldproduceafreeproposal(propose)foryourclient.5．Ifcancersarespottedearlythere'sahighchanceofsurvival(survive)．6．Hefoughttheillnesswithcourageanddetermination(determine)．7．Hisdisappearance(disappear)wasconnectedwiththerobbery.1．Amsterdamisagoodcityforcyclingbecauseit'sflatandthereforeconvenientforbikes.阿姆斯特丹是一個(gè)騎自行車的好城市，因?yàn)樗芷教梗虼藢?duì)騎自行車的人來(lái)說(shuō)很方便。2．Theybelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentreandonlybicycleswere.他們認(rèn)為如果市中心不允許汽車進(jìn)入，只允許自行車進(jìn)入，對(duì)每個(gè)人都有好處。3．Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplacewheretheyfinishedtheirjourney，sothatsomeoneelsecouldthentakeitanduseitfromthere.人們會(huì)把自行車放在他們結(jié)束旅程的地方，這樣其他人就可以從那里把它帶走并使用它。4．Thuspeoplewhowantedtousethemhadtotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplaceneartheirdestinationandleavethemthere.因此，想要使用它們的人必須把它們帶到目的地附近的另一個(gè)特殊停車場(chǎng)，然后把它們留在那里。5．Thankstotheideasandeffortsofmanypeople，likethecyclingfansofthe1960sandthosewhoenabledthereturnof“whitebikes”，youcannowenjoycleanairandeasytransportincentralAmsterdam.由于這個(gè)提議以及眾多人的努力，如20世紀(jì)60年代的騎行愛(ài)好者和那些讓“白色自行車”回歸的人，你現(xiàn)在可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受干凈的空氣和便捷的交通。名師圈點(diǎn)①benefitn．利益；好處v．使收益；得益于②flatadj.平坦的；平滑的③convenientadj.方便的；便利的conveniencen．方便；便利④parkingn．(車輛等的)停放⑤amazingadj.令人大為驚奇的；(尤指)令人驚喜(或驚羨、驚嘆)的⑥inthe1960s二十世紀(jì)六十年代⑦comeupwith想出；想到⑧hopefuladj.有希望的⑨t(yī)ransportn．交通工具；交通車輛⑩comeup突然發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)?trackingn．跟蹤?putin插入?actuallyadv.實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上?thusadv.因此?destinationn．目的地；終點(diǎn)?thanksto幸虧；由于?effortn．努力?enablevt.使能夠?issuen．重要的議題；問(wèn)題原文呈現(xiàn)“WHITEBIKES”O(jiān)NTHEROADPeopleinAmsterdamhavebeenenjoyingthebenefits①ofcyclingforyears.Theideabeganabout50yearsago，andwasfirstknownas“whilebikes”．Amsterdamisagoodcityforcyclingbecauseit'sflat②andthereforeconvenient③forbikes.Therearealsoplentyofplacesforbicycleparking④andmoststreetsinthecitycentrehaveabicyclepath.Becauseofitsconvenienceforbicycles，Amsterdamhasbecomeverypopularwithcyclists—anamazing⑤38%ofalltripsaremadebybike.SomepeopleevencallAmsterdam“theCityofBicycles”．Wheredidtheideaof“whitebikes”comefrom？Inthe1960s⑥，agroupofcyclingfanscameupwith⑦anidea.Theybelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentreandonlybicycleswere.Theywerehopeful⑧thatthiswouldhelptosaveenergy，reducepollutionandprovidefreepublictransport⑨.ThegrouppaintedhundredsofbicycleswhiteandplacedtheminmanyareasaroundAmsterdamforpeopletouse.Anyonewasallowedtotakethemandusethemforshortjourneys.Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplacewheretheyfinishedtheirjourney，sothatsomeoneelsecouldthentakeitanduseitfromthere.Soonafter，however，problemscameup⑩andthe“whitebikes”alldisappeared—thievesstolethemallinamatterofweeks!where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞theplace；sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。In1999，the“whitebikes”returnedtoAmsterdam—thistimewithacomputertracking?systemtorecordtheireverymove!Totakeabicycle，youhadtoputin?aspecialcard.Thenew“whitebikes”werenotactually?whitebutpaintedinbrightcolours.Thebikeswereparkedatspecialparkingplaces.Thus?peoplewhowantedtousethemhadtotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplaceneartheirdestination?andleavethemthere.Thanksto?theideasandefforts?ofmanypeople，likethecyclingfansofthe1960sandthosewhoenabled?thereturnof“whitebikes”，youcannowenjoycleanairandeasytransportincentralAmsterdam.Nowadays，theideaof“whitebikes”haspedalleditswayaroundtheworldandtherehasbeenaglobalincreaseinbike-sharing.InChina，moreandmorecitieshavetheirown“whitebike”programmes.Boththelocalsandtouristsliketousesharedbikesbecausebike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy，reduceairandnoisepollution，andenjoythebenefitsofexerciseincities.However，problemscanalsodevelop，likethetheftofbikesandparkingissues?.Fortunately，peoplearetryingdifferentwaysofsolvingthoseproblems.Wherewillbike-sharinggoinChina？Youdecide.譯文參考“白色自行車”在路上阿姆斯特丹的人們多年來(lái)一直在享受騎自行車的好處。該理念始于50年前，最初稱之為“白色自行車”。阿姆斯特丹是一個(gè)騎自行車的好城市，因?yàn)樗芷教?，因此?duì)騎自行車的人來(lái)說(shuō)很方便。還有很多自行車停車的地方，市中心的大多數(shù)街道都有自行車停車場(chǎng)。由于騎自行車很方便，阿姆斯特丹非常受騎自行車的人的歡迎，38%的旅行都是騎自行車。有些人甚至把阿姆斯特丹稱為“自行車之城”。“白色自行車”的理念從何而來(lái)？20世紀(jì)60年代一群騎行愛(ài)好者提出了一個(gè)想法。他們認(rèn)為如果市中心不允許汽車進(jìn)入，只允許自行車進(jìn)入，對(duì)每個(gè)人都有好處。他們希望這將有助于節(jié)約能源、減少污染和提供免費(fèi)公共交通。該組織將數(shù)百輛自行車涂成白色，并將它們放置在阿姆斯特丹周邊的許多地區(qū)供人們使用。任何人都可以騎著它們短途旅行。人們會(huì)把自行車放在他們結(jié)束旅程的地方，這樣其他人就可以從那里把它帶走并使用它。然而，不久之后，問(wèn)題來(lái)了，所有的“白色自行車”都消失了——小偷幾個(gè)星期內(nèi)把它們?nèi)慷纪底吡耍?999年，“白色自行車”又回到阿姆斯特丹，這次用電腦跟蹤系統(tǒng)記錄下它的一舉一動(dòng)！要騎自行車，你得放張?zhí)貏e的卡片。新的“白色自行車”實(shí)際上不是白色的，而是用鮮艷的顏色粉刷的。自行車停在專門(mén)的停車場(chǎng)。因此，想要使用它們的人必須把它們帶到目的地附近的另一個(gè)特殊停車場(chǎng)，然后把它們留在那里。由于這個(gè)提議以及眾多人的努力，如20世紀(jì)60年代的騎行愛(ài)好者和那些讓“白色自行車”回歸的人，你現(xiàn)在可以在阿姆斯特丹市中心享受干凈的空氣和便捷的交通。如今，“白色自行車”的理念已經(jīng)“騎行”全世界，自行車共享也在全球范圍內(nèi)不斷增加。在中國(guó)，越來(lái)越多的城市有自己的“白色自行車”計(jì)劃。當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰投枷矚g使用共享單車，因?yàn)楣蚕韱诬囀且环N既便宜又方便的節(jié)能方式，可以減少空氣和噪音污染，還可以享受到在城市鍛煉的好處。然而問(wèn)題也會(huì)發(fā)展，比如偷自行車和停車問(wèn)題。幸運(yùn)的是人們正試圖用不同的方法來(lái)解決這些問(wèn)題。共享單車在中國(guó)將何去何從？你自己決定。速讀P36－37教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)Ⅰ.閱讀判斷判斷下列句子提供的信息是正確，還是錯(cuò)誤，還是沒(méi)有提及。1．ItisconvenienttocycleabikeinAmsterdam.A．Right.B．Wrong. C．Notmentioned.2．Thegovernmentcameupwiththeideaof“whitebikes”．A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Notmentioned.3．Theprogrammeof“whitebikes”gotalongwellinAmsterdam.A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Notmentioned.4．In1999，youcanparkthebikeanywhereafteryoufinishyourjourney.A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Notmentioned.5．Therearenoproblemsaboutbike-sharinginChina.A．Right. B．Wrong. C．Notmentioned.[答案]1－5ABBBBⅡ.補(bǔ)全信息選擇正確選項(xiàng)填入空白處，補(bǔ)全所給句子提供的信息。A．whoenabledthereturnof“whitebikes”B．whowantedtousethebicyclesC．wheretheyfinishedtheirjourneyD．thatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyE．becausebike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy1．Cyclingfansbelievedifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentre.2．Peoplewouldleavethebikeintheplaceinthe1960s.3．Peoplehadtotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplaceneartheirdestination.4．Thankstotheideasandeffortsofmanypeople，likethose，youcannowenjoycleanairandeasytransportincentralAmsterdam.5．InChina，bothlocalsandtouristsliketousesharedbikes．[答案]1－5DCBAEⅢ.表格填空TimeFactsabout“whitebikes”inAmsterdamInthe1960sAgroupofcyclingfansbelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowed1.inthecitycentreandonlybicycleswere.They2.paintedhundredsofbicycleswhiteandplacedtheminmanyareasforpeopletouse.Soonafter,the“whitebikes”all3.disappeared.In1999The“whitebikes”4.returnedtoAmsterdam.Andacomputer5.trackingsystemwasusedtorecordtheireverymove.Thenew“whitebikes”werenotactuallywhitebutpaintedin6.brightcoloursandwereparkedat7.specialparkingplaces.NowTheideaof“whitebikes”has8.spreadaroundtheworldandtherehasbeen9.aglobalincreaseinbike-sharing.InChina,moreandmorecitieshavetheirown“whitebike”programmes.However,problemsalsodevelopandpeoplearetryingdifferentwaysof10.solvingthoseproblems.細(xì)讀P36－37教材課文，完成下列任務(wù)Ⅰ.主旨匹配1．Para.1 A．Itsreturn.2．Para.2 B．Itsorigin.3．Para.3 C．Itsfuture.4．Paras.4～5 D．Thecityofbikes.5．Para.6 E．Itsspread.[答案]1－5DBAECⅡ.單項(xiàng)選擇1．NowadayssomepeoplecallAmsterdam“theCityofBicycles”because．A．therearemorebicyclestherethaninotherplacesB．itisconvenientforbikesthereC．a(chǎn)llthepeopletherelikeridingbicyclesD．itproducesmanybicycleseveryyear2．Fromthetextweknowthatthefirst“whitebikes”planfailedbecause．A．thegovernmentdisagreedwiththeideaB．ridingbikeswastoodangerousC．thievesstoleallthebikesD．thisideawastoodifficulttocarryout3．The“whitebikes”havethefollowingeffectsexcept．A．savingenergyB．reducingpollutionC．makingthecitymorecrowdedD．providingfreepublictransport4．Howdoesthe“whitebikes”planworkthirtyyearslater?A．Allthebikesareparkedatspecialparkingplaces.B．Allthebikesshouldbekeptproperlybyspecialpeople.C．Enoughroomisleftforkeepingbicycles.D．Byusingbothcomputerandspecialparkingplaces.5．Whatdopeopleuseiftheywanttotakea“whitebike”inthecity?A．Awhitekey. B．Aspecialcard.C．Aspecialcomputer. D．Acommonchip.[答案]1－5BCCDBⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)/概要寫(xiě)作微技能A．閱讀課文中含有條件許可的語(yǔ)句。1．Theybelievedthatitwouldbebetterforeverybodyifcarsweren'tallowedinthecitycentreandonlybicycleswere.2．Anyonewasallowedtotakethemandusethemforshortjourneys.3．Totakeabicycle，youhadtoputinaspecialcard.B．判斷下列語(yǔ)句中哪些不是表示條件許可的語(yǔ)句。1．It'sagoodcityforcyclingbecauseit'sflatandthereforeconvenientforbikes.2．Peoplewhowantedtousethemhadtotakethemtoanotherspecialparkingplace.3．YoucannowenjoycleanairandeasytransportincentralAmsterdam.[答案]31．foundvt.創(chuàng)建；創(chuàng)辦→foundern．創(chuàng)辦人，創(chuàng)始者2．organisevt.組織；安排→organisern．組織者，安排者→organisationn．組織；安排3．a(chǎn)griculturen．農(nóng)業(yè)→agriculturaladj.農(nóng)業(yè)的4．proposev．提議；建議；打算→proposaln．建議，提議5．survivev．繼續(xù)存在；幸存；幸免于難；艱難度過(guò)；比……活(或存在)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)→survivorn．幸存者；幸免者→survivaln．繼續(xù)生存，幸存6．determinev．決定→determinedadj.堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的→determinationn．決心；毅力7．disappearvi.消失，不見(jiàn)→disappearancen．消失；不見(jiàn)overcomevt.克服(困難)；控制(感情)；戰(zhàn)勝；受到……極大影響①SheovercameinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal. 克服②Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral. 受到……極大影響③Mollyhadfoughtandovercomeherfearofflying. 戰(zhàn)勝WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1)standfor代表；容忍(教材P34)WhatdoesNPOstandfor?NPO代表什么？[例1]Thepartyistryingtogivetheimpressionthatitalonestandsfordemocracy.該黨正試圖讓大家覺(jué)得只有它才是民主的代表。[例2]I'mnotstandingforitanylonger.這種事我再也不能容忍了。[造句]VOA代表《美國(guó)之音》。VOAstandsfortheVoiceofAmerica.[知識(shí)拓展]standagainst 抵抗，反抗，靠在……上，經(jīng)受住standback 退后，靠后站standby 袖手旁觀，站在一起，幫助，維持standout 突出，出色，顯著standupforsb./sth. 支持、維護(hù)某人/某物[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thatfencecannotstandagainstthewind.②Thepoliceorderedthecrowdtostandback．③Sojusthowdoyoustandoutfromthecompetition?eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2)comeupwith想出；想到(教材P36)Inthe1960s，agroupofcyclingfanscameupwithanidea.20世紀(jì)60年代一群騎行愛(ài)好者提出了一個(gè)想法。[例1]Severalofthemembershavecomeupwithsuggestionsoftheirown.有幾位成員提出了自己的建議。[例2]Hecancomeupwithaconvincingexplanation.他能說(shuō)出令人信服的解釋。[造句]我們希望你能想出一個(gè)比這更好的計(jì)劃。Wehopeyoucancomeupwithaplanbetterthanthis.[知識(shí)拓展]comeupto 走近c(diǎn)omeup 發(fā)生；被提及(無(wú)被動(dòng)式)comeout 出來(lái)；出版；開(kāi)花comeacross (偶然)遇見(jiàn)；碰到comeabout 發(fā)生comeat 撲向cometo 達(dá)到；總計(jì)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①HeiscominguptoPekingUniversitynextterm.②Whenwillthemattercomeupfordiscussion?③ThisbookisabouttocomeoutinBritain，andlaterinFranceandinSpain.④Theydidn'tknowhowthechangehadcomeabout．[小片段助記](méi)TheotherdaywhenIwaswalkinginthestreet，IcameacrossWangLei，anoldfriendofmine.Shetoldmeastoryofherbrother's.Heoncesawadogcomeataboy，whichmadetheboydieofadiseaserelatedtoadogdisease.Atthattime，hecameupwiththeideatolearnmedicineandfindacureforthedisease.Lastmonth，hisexperimentforthedrugcameoutverysuccessfulanditwaspredictedthatthenumberofpeoplewhocanbenefitfromhisresearchwillcometo1millionayear.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3)(教材P106)MsYihadacontentedlifeuntilaterribleeventoccurredwhichchangedherlife.易女士一直過(guò)著知足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情的發(fā)生改變了她的生活。(1)contentedadj.滿意的；滿足的[例1]Wheneverhereturnstothisplaceheishappyandcontented.每次回到這個(gè)地方，他都十分快樂(lè)，心滿意足。[例2]Hisfacerelaxesintoacontentedsmile.他面部肌肉放松下來(lái)，露出了滿意的微笑。[造句]年輕人往往對(duì)自己的工作不很滿意。Youngpeopleareusuallylesscontentedwiththeirwork.[知識(shí)拓展]contentn． 內(nèi)容vt. 使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足adj. 滿意的，滿足的becontenttodosth.＝bewilling/readytodosth. 樂(lè)意做某事；滿足于做某事becontentwithsth.＝besatisfied/pleasedwithsth. 對(duì)某事滿意/滿足contentoneselfwithsth. 滿足于……；對(duì)……感到滿意[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thatrichmanistiredofcitylife，soheiscontenttolive(live)inthecountry.②Tobehonest，I'mverycontentwithmylifeatpresent.③Weshouldnevercontentourselves(us)withbookknowledgeonly.[小片段助記](méi)Thoughheisn'tcontentwithhispresentsalary，heiscontenttoremainwhereheisnow.Asamatteroffact，abeereverymealisenoughtocontenthim.(2)occurvi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；被想到(起)[例1]Whenexactlydidtheincidentoccur?這一事件究竟是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？[例2]Thecrashoccurredwhenthecrewshutdownthewrongengine.機(jī)務(wù)人員關(guān)錯(cuò)了引擎，隨即飛機(jī)墜毀。[造句]伊麗莎白也想到了這個(gè)主意。ThesameideahadoccurredtoElizabeth.[知識(shí)拓展](1)sth.occurstosb. 某人突然想到某事itoccurs/occurredtosb.todosth. 某人突然想到要做某事itoccurs/occurredtosb.that... ……的念頭/想法出現(xiàn)在某人的頭腦里(2)occurrence 發(fā)生的事情；存在的事物[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.②Didn'titoccurtoyoutophone(phone)themaboutit?[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“某人想起……”的短語(yǔ)還有：sth.strikes/hitssb.,sth.comestosb.等。eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4)proposaln．建議，提議(教材P106－107)Thelocalgovernmentagreedwithherproposaltoplantonemilliontreesintheregionovertenyears.當(dāng)?shù)卣馑奶嶙h，在10年內(nèi)在該地區(qū)種植100萬(wàn)棵樹(shù)。[例1]Hisproposalthatthesystemshouldbechangedwasrejected.他提的關(guān)于修改制度的建議被拒絕了。[例2]Theproposalhasnotyetpassedthediscussionstage.這個(gè)提案還沒(méi)有通過(guò)討論階段。[造句]新建一條高速鐵路的提議遭到了強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。Theproposalforanewhigh-speedrailwaymetwithstrongopposition.[知識(shí)拓展]proposevt. 提議，建議；打算；提名proposesth./doingsth. 建議做某事proposetodosth./doingsth. 打算做某事proposesth.tosb. 向某人提議某事/求婚proposethat...(should)dosth. 建議(某人)做某事proposesb.forsth./proposesb.assth. 推薦某人擔(dān)任[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Sheproposedthatthebook(should)bebanned(ban)．②Andwheredoyouproposebuilding/tobuild(build)suchahugething?③Iwouldliketoproposeavoteofthankstoourhost.eq\a\vs4\al(知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5)survivaln．繼續(xù)生存，幸存(教材P107)Nowthetreeshaveasurvivalrateof85%.現(xiàn)在這些樹(shù)的成活率是85%。[例1]Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.只有進(jìn)行心臟移植，他才有望活下去。[例2]Alllivingbeingsareendowedwithaninstinctforsurvival.生物都有求生存的本能。[造句]必須有出口，才能維持我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。Exportingisnecessaryforoureconomicsurvival.[知識(shí)拓展](1)survivevi. 幸存；生存下來(lái)vt. 幸免于；從……中生還survivesth. 在……中幸免于難，挺過(guò)……survive(fromsth.) (從……中)存活下來(lái)/留存下來(lái)survive(onsth.) (靠……)存活surviveassth. 作為……繼續(xù)存在survivesb.by...years 比某人多活了……年(2)survivorn. 幸存者[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Harrysurvivedhiswifebythreemonths.②Aplanecrashedyesterday，andtherewerenosurvivors(survive)．③Iwonderhowtheycansurviveonsuchpoorincome.[小片段助記](méi)Thelittlegirlwastheonlysurvivorwhosurvivedthestrongearthquake.Shetoldthereporterthatshehadtosurviveonlittlefoodduringthedayswhenshewasburied.Ithinkhersurvivalwasarealwonder.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)年代表達(dá)法(教材P36)Inthe1960s，agroupofcyclingfanscameupwithanidea.20世紀(jì)60年代一群騎行愛(ài)好者提出了一個(gè)想法。[句式分析]句中的“Inthe1960s”表示“在20世紀(jì)60年代”。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)的幾十年代，用“inthe＋年份(尾數(shù)為0)＋s/'s”。有時(shí)年份前還可加修飾詞early/middle/late，表示在“某世紀(jì)某年代的早期/中期/后期”。[例1]Inthe1980s，AmericanexportscrowdedoutEuropeanfilms.20世紀(jì)80年代美國(guó)出口影片把歐洲影片擠出了市場(chǎng)。[例2]Finally，inthe1940sasignificantbreakthroughwasmade.終于，在20世紀(jì)40年代，一個(gè)重要的突破性的進(jìn)展產(chǎn)生了。[造句]我與他初次相識(shí)是在20世紀(jì)60年代早期。Ifirstmadehisacquaintanceintheearly1960s.[知識(shí)拓展]“inone's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”意為“在某人幾十歲的時(shí)候”。inhisteens 在他十幾歲時(shí)inhertwenties 在她20多歲時(shí)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shebecameahouseholdnameintheearly1960s.②Mydaughterpreferredtodancewhenshewasinhertwenties(twenty)．eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)not...but...不是……，而是……(教材P37)Thenew“whitebikes”werenotactuallywhitebutpaintedinbrightcolours.新的“白色自行車”實(shí)際上不是白色的，而是用鮮艷的顏色粉刷的。[句式分析]句中的not...but...表示“不是……，而是……”，連接兩個(gè)并列的句子成分，當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與靠近的主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。[例1]Readingisfun，notbecausethewriteristellingyousomething，butbecauseitmakesyourmindwork.讀書(shū)之所以有趣，不是由于作者告訴了你什么，而是由于書(shū)本促使你思考。[例2]IdiditnotbecauseIlikeditbutbecauseIhadtodoit.我做這事不是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g它，而是因?yàn)槲冶仨氉?。[造句]不是他說(shuō)的話而是他做的事令人難忘。Itisnotthewordshesaysbutthethingshedoesareunforgetable.[知識(shí)拓展]除了not...but...應(yīng)用就近原則，常見(jiàn)的用就近原則的詞組還有：either...or...；neither...not...；notonly...butalso...等。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①EitherIorMarydecides(decide)totakepartinthecompetition.②NotonlyhisfriendsbutalsoTomwants(want)togotothecinema.教材高考1.Inthe1960s,agroupofcyclingfanscameupwithanidea.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.2.MsYihadacontentedlifeuntilaterribleeventoccurredwhichchangedherlife.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.3.Thelocalgovernmentagreedwithherproposaltoplantonemilliontreesintheregionovertenyears.(2019·天津卷)Submitatopicproposaltoyourhistoryteacher.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Whatmakeshisparentsworryisnothisgradesbutthathehasn'tanyinterestinlearning.2．Sherecalledamaninhisthirties(thirty)whocameknockingonherdoor.3．Policeareinvestigatingthedisappearance(disappear)ofayoungwoman.4．Itdidn'toccurtohertoaskforhelp.5．Hestoodoutintermsofcompetencefromallhisfellows.6．Sheisquitecontenttolive(live)athomewithherparents.7．Theproposalthatsafetystandardsshouldberaised(raise)waspooh-poohedbythecommittee.8．Themainplaceofhumansurvival(survive)andthedevelopmentiscommunity.9．Thesubjectcameupduringapre-dinnerdrinkwithourguests.10．Inthe1890s，thecityhostedChina'sfirstpublicfilmshowaspartofateahousevarietybill.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空standfor；comeupwith；makesb.'sdreamcometrue；thanksto；workthrough1．Weareworkingthroughthenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.2．Ibelieveinmyself，I'msureIcanmakemydreamcometrue．3．It'soutrageous，andwewon'tstandforitanymore.4．Thankstoyourhelp，weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule.5．Shecameupwithanewsuggestiontosolvetheproblem.Ⅲ.課文語(yǔ)法填空Amsterdamisacitywherepeopleenjoy1.cycling(cycle)becauseit'sflat.CyclingfansinAmsterdamfirsthadtheideaof“whitebikes”inthe1960s.Theypaintedhundredsofbikeswhiteandleftthemaroundthecitycentreforanybody2.touse(use)becausetheywere3.hopeful(hope)thatthiswouldhelptosaveenergy,reducepollutionandprovidefreepublictransport.4.Unfortunately(fortunate),inamatterofweeks,the“whitebikes”all5.disappeared(disappear)．In1999，the“whitebikes”returnedtoAmsterdam—thistimewithsomehigh-techsecuritymeasures,forexampleacomputertrackingsystem.Nowbike-sharingprogrammes6.like“whitebikes”havebecomepopularallaroundtheworld,7.including(include)China,8.wheremoreandmorepeopleusesharedbikesincities.9.Butproblemsdosometimesdevelop,likethetheftofbikesandparkingissues.However,peoplearetryingdifferentwaysof10.solving(solve)thoseproblems.動(dòng)詞和名詞[觀察例句]1．Climatechangeisaterribleproblem...2．Everyindividualmatters.3....youcannowenjoycleanairandeasytransportincentralAmsterdam.4．Leavealightonwhenyougoout.5．Whatis“Just-me-ism”？6．Inthe1960s，agroupofcyclingfanscameupwithanidea.[歸納用法]一、動(dòng)詞的種類動(dòng)詞的種類包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(一)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。按其句法功能可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1．及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意思完整。(1)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜歡這本書(shū)。(2)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)WecallthebirdPolly.我們叫這只鳥(niǎo)波莉。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)孩子們?cè)诠珗@玩。[名師點(diǎn)津]用省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，see，watch，notice，hear等。(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)Pleasepassmethesalt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。常見(jiàn)的帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell等。2．不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整，無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ)。Horsesrunfast.馬跑得很快。(1)有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。(及物動(dòng)詞)Westudyhard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。(不及物動(dòng)詞)(2)有些不及物動(dòng)詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。①動(dòng)詞＋介詞Listentotheteachercarefully.仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講。[名師點(diǎn)津]此類動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面的賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后面，不能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。②動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞Let'sgoonwithourwork!讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧！Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他與同學(xué)們相處得很好。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞按其持續(xù)性可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1．延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的，和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：live，study，work，keep，teach等。WehavelivedinSuzhousince2001.自2001年以來(lái)，我們一直住在蘇州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.這本書(shū)你可以借兩周。2．非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，如：buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如果和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，就要用其他的詞代替。Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那個(gè)老人已經(jīng)去世兩年了。(這里不能用hasdied)Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到這兒的。[即學(xué)即練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Bettywillringmeupwhenshearrives(arrive)inBeijing.②Thepopulationoftheworldisstillincreasing(increase)now.③Thecountrymusicoftenreminds(remind)meofmyparentsandfriends.(二)系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。1．表示狀態(tài)常見(jiàn)的有：be“是”；stay“保持”；keep“保持”；remain“保持”等。Itremainsasecret.它現(xiàn)在還是個(gè)秘密。2．表示感官、表象常見(jiàn)的有：look“看起來(lái)”；feel“摸起來(lái)”；smell“聞起來(lái)”；sound“聽(tīng)起來(lái)”；taste“嘗起來(lái)”等。Theflowerssmellsweet.花聞起來(lái)很香。3．表示轉(zhuǎn)變和結(jié)果常見(jiàn)的有：become“變成”；get/turn/grow“變得”等。Herfaceturnsred.她的臉紅了。[即學(xué)即練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Physicsis(be)moredifficultthanChinese.Doyouthinkso?②Whenspringcomes，theweathergets(get)warm.(三)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有意義，它只是幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問(wèn)、否定、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動(dòng)詞，如動(dòng)詞be、have、do等在句子中與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句、疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，才能擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動(dòng)詞的作用。常見(jiàn)的助動(dòng)詞還有will，shall，would，should等。(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義，不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答can能力(體力，智力，技能)；允許或許可(口語(yǔ)中常用)；可能性(表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中)cannot/can'tdoCan...do...？Yes，...can.No，...can't.couldn'tdocouldmay可以(問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求)；可能，或許(表推測(cè))；祝愿(用于倒裝句中)maynotdoMay...do...？Yes，...may.No，...mustn't/can't.might可能mightnotdoMight...do...？Yes，...might.No，...mightnot.must必須，應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)；肯定，想必(肯定句中表推測(cè))mustnot/mustn'tdoMust...do...？Yes，...must.No，...needn't/don'thaveto.haveto只好，不得不(客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱變化)don'thavetodoDo...havetodo...？Yes，...do.No，...don't.oughtto應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should)oughtnotto/oughtn'ttodoOught...too...？Yes，...ought.No，...oughtn't.shall將要，會(huì)(用于一、三人稱征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等)shallnot/han'tdoShall...do...？Yes，...shall.No，...shan't.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)、責(zé)任)；本該(含有責(zé)備意味)shouldnot/shouldn'tdoShould...do...？will意愿，決心，請(qǐng)求，建議(用在問(wèn)句中would比較委婉)willnot/won'tdoWill...do...？Yes，...will.No，...won't.wouldwouldnot/wouldn'tdodare敢(常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)darenot/daren'tdoDare...do...？Yes，...dare.No，...daren't.need需要，必須(常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中)neednot/needn'tdoNeed...do...？Yes，...must.No，...needn't.usedto過(guò)去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)usednot/use(d)n't/tododidn'tusetodoUsed...todo...？Yes，...used.No，...use(d)n't.Did...usetodo...？Yes，...did.No，...didn't.[即學(xué)即練3]用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空①InBritain，youmustbe18ifyouwanttodriveacar.②—IsthatMr.Liintheclassroom?—No，itcan'tbehim.He'sintheofficenow.③—MustIfinishtheworktoday，Mum?—No，youneedn't．Youcanfinishittomorrow.二、名詞(一)名詞的分類名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞，它分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。普通名詞又分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞，有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分；不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞條用法例詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示個(gè)體的人或事物的詞book，desk，table，bike，plane集體名詞表示一群人或一些事物的詞family，class，police，team，group不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示構(gòu)成各種物體的物質(zhì)或材料的詞glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名詞表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、行為、感情等抽象概念的詞danger，heal