閱讀理解之說明文-備戰(zhàn)2021年中考英語一遍過 （解析版）

考點(diǎn)29閱讀理解之說明文

”英語說明文"，顧名思義，就是一種以"說明、解釋"為主要表達(dá)方式的英語文體。它是對客觀事

物的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文

那樣，重在闡明主張和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說明文是通過解說事物、闡

明事理，使人們增長知識和技能。說明文是高考英語閱讀理解題中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。說明文具有與自己特

點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說明方法，因此說明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，便于高校分層次選拔

人才。然而對于考生來說說明文抽象度高，解題難度大。高考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動(dòng)植物特性、

自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性

的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說明文的命題特點(diǎn)，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點(diǎn)突破長句結(jié)構(gòu)

特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對其做出準(zhǔn)確的語意理解。

說明文閱讀理解的特征

一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個(gè)方面，即who-whatT

when—where—>howtwhy。

1.who：問的是這篇文章的主體是誰？（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）

2.whal：問的是主體做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where：是在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的？（即何時(shí)何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how：通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？

5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做說明文閱讀理解題的時(shí)候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點(diǎn)，把握全文。

明二跟蹤訓(xùn)練

A

Haveyouevergonetoafast-foodrestauranttoeatandgottenakid'smealthatcamewithatoy?Sometimes

thosemealshavedifferenttoysfbrboysandgirls-maybeatruckfortheboysandatoybearforthegirls.Who

decidesthatboysliketoplaywithtrucksandgirlsliketoplaywithstuffedanimals?Iknowmanyboyswholike

stuffedanimalsandlotsofgirlswhoplaywithtrucks.Whenwedecidewhatsomeonewilllikeorhowtheywillact

justbecausetheyareboysorgirls,wearestereotyping（形成模式化觀念）.

Astereotypeisagroupthatweputpeopleinto.Ourhumanbrainsdothisallthetime;it'soneofthewaysthatour

brainhaslearnedtodealwiththeworld.Weseesomeoneandputthatpersonintoagroup-forexample,theoldor

theyoung,aboyoragirl.Isthatabadthing?No,it'snot.

Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidlybecausewemayhavehada

similarexperiencebefore.Theuseofstereotypesisamajorwayinwhichwesimplifyoursocialworld;sincetheycut

downtheamountofprocessing(i.e.thinking)wehavetodowhenwemeetanewperson.

Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.Itmakesusienoredifferencesbetweeneach

singleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthepeopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.

Whenwestereotype,wethinkofagroupandgiveeveryoneinthatgroupcertaincharacteristics.Forexample,

thefastfoodrestaurantbelievedthatallboysliketoplaywithvehiclesandallgirlsprefertoyanimals.Theydidthat

basedonlyonwhethertheywereboysorgirls.

Stereotypesareproblemswhenbeliefsthatpeoplehaveaboutgroupsarenotnecessarilytrue.Haveyouever

heardanyonesaythat"Menarebetterdriversthanwomen"?Statementslikethistakeagroupofpeopleandgiveallof

themthesamebehaviorsorcharacteristics.Iknowmenwhoaregooddrivers,andIknowwomenwhoaregood

drivers.Itsnotfairtojudgeallpeopleinagroupbyastereotype.Weneedtorememberthateveryoneinthegroupis

anindividualwhohasdifferentabilities,interests,strengthsandbehaviors.

30.Theexampleofdifferenttoysforboysandgirlsismentionedtoshowthat.

A.boysandgirlspreferdifferenttoys

B.boysandgirlsaretreatedunfairly

C.peoplesometimesmixchildren'slikes

D.peoplehavefixedideasonthings

31.Whichofthefollowingstereotypesisuseful?

A.Makingfriendsbyhisappearance.

B.Boysdobetterinsciencethangirls.

C.Youtheasilydounreasonablethings.

D.Redsignsontheroadwarnusofdanger.

32.Theunderlinedword"ignore"inParagraph4probablymeans.

A.failtonoticeB.failtotrustC.failtosearchD.failtoface

33.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutstereotyping?

A.Stereotypingislikeacoinwhichhastwosides.

B.Ithelpsourbrainlearntodealwithsimilarsituations.

C.Judgingpeoplebystereotypingthemmakesthingshard.

D.Tryingtolearnaboutandformsomekindsofthemstereotypes.

【答案】30.D31.D32.A33,A

【解析】模式化觀念就是我們把人們放在某一個(gè)群體里，產(chǎn)生固有印象。模式化觀念既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有缺點(diǎn)。

優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它能使我們迅速處理各種情況，簡化社會世界；缺點(diǎn)是它會讓我們忽視每個(gè)個(gè)體之間的差異。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者先從生活中的事例出發(fā)，目的是給讀者引出模式化觀念這

一概念，然后對它進(jìn)行具體的介紹。D選項(xiàng)符合文意，故選D。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，模式化觀念的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是使我們根據(jù)以前的相似

經(jīng)歷，快速處理各種情況。結(jié)合生活常識可知，紅色會起到警告的作用，D選項(xiàng)符合文意，故選D。A、B

和C三項(xiàng)都是模式化觀念產(chǎn)生的不好的影響。

【32題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境"Itmakesusignoredifferencesbetweeneachsingleperson,thatis,weusuallythinkallthe

peopleinonegrouparethesamebutthatmightnotbetrue.v"它使我們每個(gè)個(gè)體之間的差異，認(rèn)為一個(gè)群

體里所有人都是一樣的”，由此可猜測ignore意為“忽視”，即“沒能注意到……”，故選Ac

[33題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文第三段“Oneadvantageofastereotypeisthatitenablesustodealwithsituationsrapidly

becausewemayhavehadasimilarexperiencebefore.M可知，這里介紹了模式化觀念的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；再根據(jù)第四段

^Althoughgroupingitselfisn'tbad,itcanbeharmfulsometimes.可知，模式化觀念也有缺點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)

硬幣都有兩面”符合文意，故選A。B和C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)太片面；D選項(xiàng)不符合文意。

B

SouthChinaMallShoppingCoupons（優(yōu)惠券）

SixHoursfreeparking

Ifyouspend￥100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.Takethiscoupontothe

servicedeskonthefourthfloortostamp（蓋章）！

Buyone,getonefree

BuyoneshirtortieatDaniel'sMenswear,andgetanothershirtortieofthesamevaluefree.Hurry!Offerends

November14.Offerlimitedtoonepercustomer.

WinaYl,000CDCollection

Winyourchoiceof￥1,000worthofCDsfromDJMusicStore.JustbuyanytwoCDsandyournamewillgo

intothecompetition.Chooseyourownprizefromourmanykindsofrock,pop,jazz,andclassicalmusic.

10%Off

ShowthiscouponattheBookStoretogeta10%offonanybooksyoubuy.Wehavelotsofbookstochoose

from,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravelguides.You'resuretofindsomethingthatyouwillenjoy.

Freesoftdrink

Buyanymealforatleast￥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.Weservethebesthamburgersand

snacksinthemall.Comeinandtryourdeliciousmealsandourexcellentservice.Youwon'tbedisappointed!

Half-pricemovietickets

Buyanyfull-pricemovieticketonTuesdayorWednesday,andyoucanbuyasecondticketforafriendforonly

ahalfprice.Thelatestmoviesareallhere.

21.IfyouspendY100ormoreinthestore,youcanget.

A.afreeshirtB.afreestamp

C.afreebookD.acouponoffreeparking

22.IfyougototheBookStore,youcanchoose.

A.shirtsB.mealsC.Children'sbooksD.movietickets

23.Lindawantstohaveafreesoftdrink,shecangoto.

A.Mike'sCafeB.Daniel'sMenswear

C.theBooksStoreD.DJMusicStore

【答案】21.D22.C23.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了華南購物廣場優(yōu)惠券的一些信息和情況。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1大段**IfyouspendY100ormoreinourstores,youwillreceivesixhoursoffreeparking.,,

如果你消費(fèi)100元以上在我們商店，你能享受6個(gè)小時(shí)的免費(fèi)停車。可知，故選D。

[22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4大段“Wehavelotsofbookstochoosefrom,includingchildren'sbooks,novelsandtravel

guides."我們有很多書籍可以選擇，包括兒童書，小說和旅游指南。可知，故選C。

【23題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第5大段"Buyanymealforatleast￥50atMike'sCafe,andreceiveafreesoftdrink.”在

M汰e，sCa隹可以享受免費(fèi)的不含酒精的飲料?？芍蔬xA。

C

YouAreWhatYouEat

Genetic（基因的）engineeringisthescientificchangeofthegeneticmaterialinalivingthing.Itallowsscientists

toidentifyspecificgenes,toremovethemfromalivingthing'schromosomes（染色體）,improvethem,analyzethem,

andpossiblyclonethem,andtothenreinsertthechangedgeneintotheoriginallivingthing,oracompletelydifferent

livingthings.Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖）,whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesamekindofliving

things,geneticengineeringcaninsertdesiredonesintolivingthingsofdifferentkinds.Wow...didyoucatchthat?

Geneticengineeringcreatesmanypositivecontributionstoagriculture.Forexample,bygeneticallyengineered

（GE）foods,anti-canceragents,mineralsandvitaminscanbeincreased.Improvedtaste,shelflife,andbettertransport

areallpossible.Also,GEplantscanincreasepestandbacterialresistance（抵抗力）,therefore,makingthefoodsafe

fortheconsumers.

Butsomearguethatthepossiblenegativeeffectsoutweighthepositives,andcriticsarestartingtovoicetheir

worries.UnlikeEurope,intheUnitedStateslabeling（貝占標(biāo)簽）isnotrequiredongeneticallyengineeredfoodsoron

foodsthatcontaingeneticallyengineeredproducts.MostAmericansdonotrealizethattheyare,infact,eatingGE

foods.

Thepublicisalsoconcernedabouttheunknownhealthrisks.Withlimitedunderstandingofgenes,scientists

cannotpredictpossibleeffects.BecausemostgenesintroducedintoGEplantscomefromsourcesnotintroducedinto

thehumanbody,itisimpossibletoknowiftheywillcausereactions.Moreover,duetothelackoflabeling,ifallergies

（過敏）develop,itwillbeextremelydifficulttofindtheoriginofthem.

Thereisalsoamajormoralquestioninmanyminds.Formany,theconflictisnotifitissafeornot,butitdisturbs

thembecauseitisunnaturalandunnecessary.Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffood

neededtofeedtheworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.SoGEfoodisunnecessary,andfailstoaddresstheroot

ofhunger.Manybelievethattheonlypeoplewhowillbenefitarethecorporationsthatproduceit.

ScientistscannotforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoods,yetweeatthemeverydaywithoutevenknowingit.

Wealreadyhaveenoughfood,sowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultous,totheEarthandtoall

wildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowfbrsurehowthesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenot

worththerisk.

27.Accordingtothepassage,traditionalbreedingisdifferentfromgeneticengineeringbecause.

A.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesinthesamekindoflivingthings

B.traditionalbreedingtakesplacewithinthesamekindoflivingthings

C.traditionalbreedingismorescientific

D.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesindifferentkindsoflivingthings

28.AccordingtoParagraph5,GEfoodisunnecessarybecause.

A.customerswillbenefitfromGEfood

B.we'renowproducingmorefoodthanbefore

C.itwon'thelpsolvetheproblemofhungerintheworld

D.thereareobviousdangersinproducingGEfood

29Whatisthewriter'swritingpurpose?

A.Tointroducegeneticengineering'spositivecontributionstoagriculture.

B.TowelcomegeneticengineeringandGEfood.

C.TodiscussthedifferencesbetweenGEfoodandotherfood.

DTotellpeopletokeepGEfoodoffbeforetheirinfluenceonusisclear.

【答案】27.B28.C29.D

【解析】本文主要介紹了基因工程技術(shù)?；蚬こ炭梢詫⑺璧纳镛D(zhuǎn)化為不同物種的生物，它為農(nóng)業(yè)做

出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。而轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是不必要的，因?yàn)樗粫椭鉀Q世界上的饑餓問題，并且還可能存在一

些隱患。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Unliketraditionalbreeding（繁殖），whereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesame

kindoflivingthings.與傳統(tǒng)育種不同，在傳統(tǒng)繁殖中，期望的品質(zhì)將在同一種生物中培育?？芍x項(xiàng)B敘述

的和原文一致，故選B。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的句子Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffoodneededtofeed

theworld,yetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.可知GEfood還不能解決世界饑餓問題。故選C。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后"段中的句子1thinkthatthebenefitsareamazing,butuntilweknowforsurehow

thesefoodswillaffectus,theyarenotworththerisk.作者說，GEfood好處是驚人的，但是在我們確定這些食物

會對我們產(chǎn)生什么影響之前，它們不值得冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)?？芍髡呤窃诟嬖V人們在轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對我們的影響變

得明顯之前不要食用。故選D。

D

Roundeyes,roundhead,roundears,roundbody!Whatisthislovelylittleanimal?Helookslikeabear.Butheis

notabear.He'saKOALA.

PeopleinAustralialovekoalasandtakecareofthem.Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.Noonecan

killthemfortheirprettyfur.Whenakoalaisborn,hehasnofur.Andheisnotasbigasyourlittletoe!Themother

koalahasapocketinthefrontofherbody.Thebabygoesintothiswarmpocket.Therehestaysforsixmonths.

Whenthebabyleavesthepocket,hehasmuchfur.Andheisaboutasbigasyourshoe.Heclimbstohismother's

back.Heridestherewhilesheteacheshimhowtofindfood.Mrs.Koalaisalovingmother.Shetakesgoodcareofher

baby.Butwhenheisbad,shebeatshim!Thebabycriesjustasasmallchilddoes.Ifhekeepsoncrying,hismother

beatshimagain.Whenhestopscrying,shetakeshiminherarms.Andthentheybothgotosleepforawhile.

Thekoalacouldnotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftree.Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.Formost

oftheday,thekoalasleepsinthetree.

Atnight,thekoalalooksforfood.Hemaygomilestofindit.Helikesonlythebark（樹皮）andtheleavesofthe

tree.Heeatsnothingelse.Andheeatsmorethantwopoundseachnight!

It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.Weshouldprotectthe

environmentandcaremoreaboutwildlife,andthenwewillseethesmilingfacesoflovelykoalasagain,

59.PeopleinAustralia.

A.setupplacesforkoalastolivesafelyB.putkoalasinthetree

C.raisebabykoalasintheirpocketsD.keepkoalasintheirhomes

60.Koalascannotlivewithoutaspecialkindoftreebecause.

A.theyhavetokeepcoolunderthetreeB.theyeatthefruitonthetree

C.theyliveinthetreeandgetfoodfromitD.theystayinthetreeallthetime

61.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.KoalasonlyliveinAustraliaandweshouldprotectthem.

B.Australianslookafterkoalasalhomeandgivethemenoughfood.

C.Thousandsofkoalashidthemselvessafelyinthebushfiresmonthsago.

D.Therearenodifferencesbetweenourfoodandkoalas'food.

【答案】59.A60.C61.A

【解析】本文主要介紹了考拉的一些生活習(xí)性。

【59題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2大段“Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely."他們?yōu)樗鼈兇罱ò踩幼〉牡胤健?/p>

可知，故選A。

[60題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfood.”這種樹給他家和食物?？芍?，考拉

不僅能住在這種樹上也能在樹上得到食物。故選C,

[61題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第2大段^Theyhavesetupplacesforthemtolivesafely.澳大利亞人為它們搭建安全居住

的地方，再根據(jù)第6大段"It'sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfiresmonthsagoinAustralia.We

shouldprotecttheenvironmentandcaremoreaboutwildlie”很遺憾澳大利亞的數(shù)千只考拉因?yàn)閿?shù)月前的大火

死了，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)自然和野生動(dòng)物。根據(jù)常識可知，考拉只生活在澳大利亞，我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)它們是正確

的，故A正確；根據(jù)第4大段“Thetreegiveshimbothhishomeandhisfbod.”這種樹給他家和食物。可知，考

拉住在樹上而不是家里，故B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第6大段“It，sapitythatthousandsofkoalaswerekilledbybushfires

monthsagoinAustralia.”很遺憾澳大利亞的數(shù)千只考拉因?yàn)閿?shù)月前的大火死了，可知，不是藏起來了，故C

錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第5大段“Helikesonlythebark（樹皮）andtheleavesofthetree.“他只喜歡樹皮和樹葉，可知，考

拉的食物和我們的食物有很大的差別，故D錯(cuò)誤。故選A。

DoctorSeusswasbomin1904.Bythemiddle1950s,hehadbecomeoneofthebest-lovedandmostsuccessful

children'sbookwritersintheworld.Hisbooksareverypopularwithyoungreaders.Theyenjoytheinventedwords

andthepicturesofunusualfunnyanimalsandplants.

In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.Thereportsaidmany

children'sbookswerenotinteresting.DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthat

wereinterestingandeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.Hedidnotreceive

traininginart.Yet,hedrewthepicturesformostofhisbooks.

In1957,Dr.SeusswroteTheCatintheHat.Heusedlessthan230wordstowritethebookandevena

six-year-oldshouldbeabletoreadit.Itwasafunstoryandeasytoread.Childrenlovedit.Theirparentslovedit,too.

Todayitisstilloneofthestoriestheylikebest.ThesuccessofTheCatintheHatmadehimwanttowritemorebooks

forchildren.In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiftywords.ThebookiscalledGreenEggsandHam.

In1984,DoctorSeusswonaPulitzerPrize（普利策獎(jiǎng)）.Hewashonoredfortheeducationandenjoymenthis

booksprovidedAmericanchildrenandtheirparents.

Hediedattheageof87,buthisinfluenceremains.Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.Peoplesay

hisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearnedtoread.Yet,hisbooksarelovedbypeopleofallages.

DoctorSeussoncesaid,nIdonotwriteforchildren.Iwriteforpeople.1'

65.DoctorSeusslearnedfromthemagazinethat.

A.someschoolchildrencouldnotread

B.manychildren'sbookswereinteresting

C.childrenwantedtolearntoread

D.awriterforchildrenwaswanted

66.DoctorSeusstomakehisbookinterestingandeasytoread.

A.soldhisbooksinlargeoutdoorthemeparks

B.usedwordswiththesameendingsoundanddrewpictures

C.soldhisbookswithsomefreetoystothechildren

D.usedasmanysimplewordsandsentencesaspossible

67.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.DoctorSeusswrotebooksonlyforchildrenintheUnitedStates.

BDoctorSeusswroteGreenEggsandHamwithmorethan230words.

C.TheCatintheHatwaswrittenonlyforsix-year-oldchildren.

D.Hisbooksprovidededucationandenjoymentforchildrenandparents.

68.FromthetextweknowthatDoctorSeuss.

A.wonaPulitzerPrizesoonafterhisdeath

B.soldmillionsofhisbookshimselfworldwide

C.changedAmericanchildren'swayofreading

D.wrotethelargestnumberofbooksintheworld

【答案】65.A66.B67.D68.C

【解析】本文介紹了蘇斯博士的生平以及他的書。人們喜歡他的書，是因?yàn)樗臅腥ざ覝\顯易讀。他

之所以受到尊敬是因?yàn)樗臅o美國的孩子們和他們的父母帶來了教育和快樂。他的書在世界各地銷售。

人們說他的書改變了孩子們讀書的方法。

【65題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中In1954,lifemagazinepublishedareportaboutschoolchildrenwhocouldnotread.可知

DoctorSeuss從雜志得知孩子不能讀這件事，故選A。

【66題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinteresting

andeasytoread.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.可知，蘇斯博士強(qiáng)烈希望能幫助

孩子們，并決定寫一些有趣、易讀的書。他用了同樣結(jié)尾音的詞，像魚和愿望。故選B。

【67題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Millionsofhisbookshavebeensoldworldwide.可知，他的書在全世界都有銷售，不僅

僅是為美國孩子而寫的，A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文中In1960,hewroteabookusinglessthanfiflywords.Thebookis

calledG/re/tEggs可知《綠雞蛋和火腿》這本書不到50詞，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)文中并未提到；根

據(jù)文匚「DoctorSeussstronglyhopedtohelpchildrenanddecidedtowritebooksthatwereinterestingandeasyto

read.Heusedwordswiththesameendingsound,likefishandwish.他的書為美國兒童和他們的父母提供了教育

和享受，他為此而感到榮幸cD選項(xiàng)正確，故選D。

【68題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的理解及文中PeoplesayhisbookshelpedchangethewayAmericanchildrenlearned

toread可知DoctorSeuss改變了美國孩子學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的方式，故選Co

F

Hasanyoneevertoldyouthateatingcarrotswillhelpyouseeinthedark?Thisisjustoneofmanyincorrect

beliefsyoumayhaveheard.Below,TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let'stakealook.

Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?

CarrotsarerichinvitaminA,whichhelpstheeyestoturnlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallows

peopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmorecarrotswon'thelpyouseebetter.Acertainminimumamount

willhelp,butalargenumberofcarrotswillnotgiveyousuperhumanvision.

Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavehadeyesight,too?

Myopia（近視）canbepassedfromparentstochildren.AstudybytheAmericanOptometricAssociation

foundthatifbothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.Forchildrenwhohave

oneparentwithmyopia,thechanceis23to40percent,andit'sdownto6to15percentforkidswithnon-myopic

parents.Soifyoureyesightisbad,yourchildrenmightstillhavegoodvision.

Docolorblindpeopleseetheworldinblackandwhite?

Colorblindnessdoesn'tusuallymeanthatpeopleseetheworldlikeanoldmovie.Theyusuallycan'ttellcertain

colorsapart,especiallygreenandred.Anothercommonlyconfusedpairofcolorsisyellowandblue.Oureyeshave

conecells（視錐細(xì)胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.Ifthesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindness_

occurs.Therearedifferentlevelsofcolorblindness.Somepeopleareonlycolorblindinlowlight.However,inthe

mostseriousformofcolorblindness,everythingisshadesofgray.

26.Accordingtothearticle,eatingcarrots.

A.stopsthebrainfromseeingB.doesn'thelpyouseebetteratall

C.willhelpyouseeclearlyinthedarkD.isgoodforyoureyestosomedegree

27.Ifbothparentshavemyopia,theirchild'schanceofhavinggoodeyesightis.

A.40-67%B.33-60%C.23-40%D.6-15%

28.Theunderlineword^occurs^inthispassageprobablymeans.

A.惡化B.發(fā)生C.改善D.加深

29.Whatisthecauseofcolorblindnessaccordingtothetext?

A.Watchingmoviesfortoolong.B.Gettingtoolittleexercise.

C.Conecellsnotworkingproperly.D.Changesinthewavelengthoflight.

30.Whatisthepurposeofthearticle?

A.Tooffersomeadviceonprotectingyoureyes.

B.Toclearupsomemisunderstandingsaboutoureyes.

C.Toprovidehelpforimprovingyourvision.

D.Toexplainhowbadeyesightandcolorblindnessform.

【答案】26.D27.A28.B29.C30.B

【解析】本文是?篇說明文。文章主要介紹了青少年們?yōu)槿藗儗ρ劬λ傅娜齻€(gè)錯(cuò)誤做出了科學(xué)的解釋，

消除一些關(guān)于人們眼睛的誤解。

【26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第二段Caneatingcarrotsimproveyoureyesight?里的內(nèi)容uCarrots...whichhelpsthe

eyestotumlightintoinformationforyourbrain.Thisallowspeopletoseeindarkerplaces.However,eatingmore

carrotswonthelpyouseebetter.”可知胡蘿卜富能幫助眼睛將光線轉(zhuǎn)化為大腦的信息。這使得人們可以在黑

暗的地方看到東西。然而，多吃胡蘿卜并不能幫助你看得更好。也就是說吃胡蘿卜在某種程度上對眼睛有

好處。故選D。

【27題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第三段Ifyourparentshavebadeyesight,willyouhavebadeyesight,too?里的內(nèi)容

“…bothparentsaremyopic,there'sa33to60percentchancethattheirchildwillbe.”可知如果父母都是近視眼，

他們的孩子有33%到60%的幾率近視。那么他們的孩子有40%到67%的幾率擁有好的視力。故選A。

【28題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中第四段Docolorblindpeop加seetheworldinblackandwhite?中^Oureyeshavecone

cells（視錐細(xì)胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.M可知我們的眼睛有錐形細(xì)胞，可以感知不同波長的

光。uIfthesecellsdon^workproperly...w如果這些細(xì)胞不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，那么色盲就會發(fā)生。所以“occurs”

是發(fā)生的含義。故選B。

【29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后一段"Oureyeshaveconecells（視錐細(xì)胞）thatsensedifferentwavelengthsoflight.If

thesecellsdon'tworkproperly,colorblindnessoccurs.”可知視錐細(xì)胞如果不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，就會導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生色盲。

故選C。

【30題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中第一段“TEENShaspickedoutscientificexplanationsforthreemistakesthatpeoplemake

abouttheireyes.Let*stakealook.”可知青少年們?yōu)槿藗儗ρ劬λ傅娜齻€(gè)錯(cuò)誤做出了科學(xué)的解釋。讓我們看

看。故選B。

G

Fromvideogamesandmuseumstomedicaltraining,VR（virtualreality,虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)）hasbeenchangingourlives

forthebetter.However,thiswonderfulnewtechnologyhasaso-farunsolvableproblem:Itmaymakepeoplefeelsick

fromtheVRexperience.Thefeelingofsickness,causedbyVR,iscalledcybersickness.

"WithmodernVRsystems,thepossibilityofcybersicknessafteronly15minutes'experienceisfrom40to70

percent,"ThomasStoffiregen,aresearcherattheUniversityofMinnesota,USsaid.Thissicknessisprobablycaused

bysensoryconflict（感覺沖突），explainedStoffregen.WhenyouarewearingaVRheadset,yourbody*smotion

sensorscannotmatchtheinformationreceivedbyyoureyes.Forexample,whenwewearaVRheadsetandridea

virtualroller-coaster,wethinkwearegoingupanddown,butourbodiesstaystill.Itleadstothelossofbalance.

Sicknessisfromourbodies'naturalreactiontotheexperience.Addingtothisproblem,womenaremorelikelytofeel

sickfromtheVRexperiencethanmen.

AccordingtoastudybyBasRokers,ascientistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison,US,onereasoncould

betheheadsets.Toworkproperly,VRheadsetsmustmatchupwithyourPD（pupildistance,瞳品巨）.Sincetheyare

designedlargerPD,noteveryonegetsthebestexperience.RokersfoundthelargerPDdistanceis,thegreater

discomfortwillcause.Basedonhisstudies,about90percentofwomenhaveashorterPDthantheheadsetismade

andthat'sthereasonwhywomenaremorelikelytohavecybersickness.

CybersicknesspreventsthewidespreaduseofVRtechnology.Onceitbecomescomfortableandeasytouse,

however,itcouldplayagreatroleinourlives.

8.WhichisRightaboutcybersickness?

A.It'sacommonproblemwithVRtechnology.B.Itiscausedbyone'spoorsenseofdirection.

C.Ifsmorepossibleforyoungpeopletofeelsick.D.Ilonlyhappenstowomenandchildren.

9.Theexampleofridingavirtualroller-coasterisusedto.

A.tellwhatitisliketohavecybersicknessB.explainhowcybersicknessiscaused

C.tellpeoplehowtoavoidcybersicknessD.showhowcybersicknessinfluencespeople

10.Whyarewomenmorelikelytohavecybersickness?

A.Theyhaveapoorsenseofdirection.B.VRheadsetsareonlymadeformen.

C.VRheadsetsaretoolargefbrtheirPDs.D.Theyareeasytolosebalance.

11.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheVRtechnology?

A.TheVRtechnologyhasalreadyplayedagreatroleinourlives

B.ThereisstillsomethingtodobeforeVRtechnologyplaysagreatrole.

C.