2019級(jí)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)專升本復(fù)習(xí)資料：12月份考試資料英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)資料

20192019年成人高考12月份期末考試各科考試資料祝君早日畢業(yè)祝君早日畢業(yè)《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音》復(fù)習(xí)資料1I.MultiplechoiceAccordingtotherulesof ,thephrase“l(fā)ightpencil”shouldbeproducedas['laip'pensl].A.liaisonB.lossofplosionC.assimilationD.elisionWhichofthefollowingpartofspeechisincludedininformationwords?A.nounB.verbC.possessiveD.adverbWhichoneinthefollowingisnotthefeatureofweakformsofwords?reductionofthelengthofsoundsobscurationofvowelstowardstheschwaelisionofvowelsandconsonantsemphasisofcertaininformation referstothetotalpatternofpitchchanges,i.e.therisingandfallingofthevoicewhenapersonisspeaking,withinanutterance.A.stressB.rhythmC.intonationD.toneWhichstatementinthefollowingisNOTtrue?Differentpitchesmayindicatedifferentmeaningsforthesameutterance.Differentpitcheshelpusexpressourfeelings.Inlisteningtothemeaningofanutterance,welistentohowspeakerstalkaswellastowhattheysay.WecannotgettherelationshipofwordswithinandbetweensentencesthroughEnglishintonation.Fillintheblanks.Theshortvowelsoundinunstressedsyllablesisveryoftenthesound ,whichisthemostcommonofallsoundsinEnglish.InspokenEnglish,thephenomenonofjoiningwordstogetheriscalled.IntonationcanbeusedtoremoveambiguityofEnglishsentences.Thisisthe functionofintonation.[tf]and[d§]aretwoEnglishaffricateandtheydifferprimarilyintermsofTheplacementofnucleusdependsontheinformationcontent:themorepredictableaword'soccurrenceisinagivencontext,theitsinformationcontentis.Anintonationunitusuallycorrespondstoagroup.ThefrequentoccurrenceofthesyllableisoneofthefundamentalcharacteristicsofspokenEnglish,andtheonethatmostdistinguishesEnglishfromChinese.Thesyllablewhichcarriesamaximalprominenceinthetoneunitiscalled.RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedon.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,thesound[p]and[t]are consonantswhile[m]and[n]are consonants.Intonationcanbeusedtoconveyfeelingsandattitudes.The intonationissaidtobemoreoftenassociatedwithfeelingsofhesitation,contrast,reservationordoubt.Accordingtotheplaceofarticulation,thesound[0]and[6]are.Headinanintonationunitextendsfromthesyllableuptothenucleus.Thereare4frontvowelsinEnglish.Theyare[i], [],[]and[田].Thesound[]isdescribedasvoiceless,glottal,fricative.Aisadistinctivesoundwhichiscapableofdistinguishingonewordoroneshapeofawordfromanotherinagivenlanguage.Therearearepurevowelsandarediphthongs.TrueorFalseThephrase“nextyear”inquickcolloquialspeechispronouncedas['nekstfi。].Thisphenomenonisknownascontextualelision.Englishspeakersusuallystressallwordsonlywhentheyareimpatientorangry.Differentpitchesmayindicatedifferentmeaningsforthesameutterance.Englishnativespeakerscaneasilyunderstandyouwhenyoupronounceclearlyonesyllableafteranother.VariationofwordsorsyllablesthathavestrongstresswiththosethathaveweakerstressistypicalandcontributestotherhythmofEnglish.WhenEnglishspeakersspeak,theymakealmostallpartsofwordswithequalstrengthandlength.Asthesmallestphoneticunitoflanguage,speechsoundisdistinctive.Thefirstpartofadiphthongismuchshorterandweakerthanthesecondpart.Anucleuscanbeonanywordorphraseinanintonationunit.Inspeech,peopleoftenusethefallingtonetoindicatenewinformationandtherisingtonetoindicate“shared”or“given”information.Theweakformofyouris[js]asinthecolloquialsentence“Takeyourtime.”Tomakenaturallinking,itisimportanttosaygroupsofwordsinonebreathandkeepourvoicegoingfromonewordtothenext.IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentence,thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime.Notalllanguagesintheworldhavetheirownrhythmicpatterns.IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentence,whentherearefunctionwordsbetweenthestrongstresses,wecannotreducethevowels(usingtheweakvowelorschwa)tomakethemshort.Thelocationofthetonicsyllableisofconsiderablelinguisticimportance.Forcontrastivepurposes,anywordmaybearthetonicsyllable.BothEnglishandChinesedependonthecorrectpronunciationofstressedandunstressedsyllablesrecurringinthesamephraseorsentenceintheexpressionofideas.Alloftheprefixcan’tbestressed,suchassubmitandtelegram.Whenafunctionwordoccursattheendofasentence,italsokeepsweak.Accordingtotheworkofvocalcords,[dj]isavoicedsound.Vowelsareallvoiced.InanEnglishutterance,stressedwordsgiveinformationtothelistenerandunstressedwordsjoininformationwordstogether.

IV.AnswerthefollowingquestionsandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Theintonationusedinquestion-tagscanhavearisingtoneorafallingtone,whichisshowedclearlyinthefollowingsentences.A.They’recomingto^morrow,>^aren'tthey?B.They’recomingtomorrow,/aren,tthey?Dotheabovetwoutteranceshavethesamemeaning?Ifnot,explainthesemanticdifferencesbetweenthesetwoutterances.WhatarethethreedegreesofstressinEnglish?Definethemandillustratethemwithexamples.答案Multiplechoice1-5CCDCD1. [。] 2.liaison1. [。] 2.liaison6.sense或者wordnasal11.falling-rising3.grammatical7.unstressed12.inter-dental4.voicing 5.lower8.nucleus 9.stress 10.plosive,13.firststressed14.[i:],[e] 15.[h]phoneme17.12,8或者twelve,eightTrueorFalse1-5TTFTF6-10FFTTT11-15TFFTF16-20FFTTTAnswerthefollowingquestionsandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Theintonationusedinquestion-tagscanhavearisingtoneorafallingtone,whichisshowedclearlyinthefollowingsentences.They,recomingto^morrow,7aren,tthey?They,recomingto飛morrow,/aren,tthey?Dotheabovetwoutteranceshavethesamemeaning?Ifnot,explainthesemanticdifferencesbetweenthesetwoutterances.答案：（1）Thesetwoutteranceshavetwodifferentmeanings.（2）UtteranceAhasafallingtone,thespeakeriscomparativelycertainthattheinformationiscorrect,andsimplyaskingforconformation.（3）UtteranceBhasarisingtone,thespeakerindicatesalesserdegreeofcertaintyandthespeakerisaskingforinformation.WhatarethethreedegreesofstressinEnglish?Definethemandillustratethemwithexamples.ThreedegreesofstresscanbefoundinEnglish:primary,secondaryandzero.（3%）Primarystressreferstothestrongemphasisaspeakerputsonthemostimportantsyllableofaparticularword.Secondarystressreferstoalessstrongemphasisonthenextmostimportantsyllable.Zerostressreferstoanysyllablethatreceivesnostress,suchsyllablesarecalledunstressedsyllables.Inwordsliketimetable/'taim,teibl/andoperation/op'reifn/,allthreedegreesofstresscanbefound.《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音》復(fù)習(xí)資料2I.MultiplechoiceWhichofthefollowingwordsiswronglystressed?A.nation'nalityB.ma'jorityC.'industrialD.'nominateHowmanysyllablesarethereintheword“accompany”?A.3B.4 C.2 D.5Aunitisformedbyastressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllableswhichmaycomebeforethatstressand/orafterit.A.rhythmB.toneC.intonationD.stressedThevowelswhichthetonguemovestowards[。]arecalled.A.centringdiphthongs B.cardinalvowelsC.triphthongs D.closingdiphthongsAccordingthelinkingprincipleofEnglish,weshouldinsertin“theidea^of”.A.[j]B.[w] C.[r] D.[t]WhenEnglishspeakersarespeaking,theyusuallydothefollowingexcept.makesomepartsofwordsstrongerandclearerthanotherparts.arrangewordsintogroupsandjointhemtogetherneverjoinpartsofthewordstogethermakesomewordsstrongerandclearerthanotherwordsInspokenEnglish,weblendorjointhefinalconsonantofonewordwiththeinitialvowelofthefollowingword,asin“postoffice”.Thisphenomenoniscalled.A.assimilationB.elisionC.linkingD.combinationInwhichofthefollowingwords,the“ed”isproducedas[d]?A.laughedB.changedC.wretchedD.naked referstothetotalpatternofpitchchanges,i.e.therisingandfallingofthevoicewhenapersonisspeaking,withinanutterance.A.stressB.rhythmC.intonationD.toneWhichwordisthenucleusofthesentence“IamWRItingaLETtertohimNOW.”whenitisnormallyused?A.writeB.letterC.ID.nowNucleusplacingisimportantasEnglishspeakersusenucleustodothefollowingexcept .A.Tofocuslistener’sattentionB.TomakemeaningclearC.TocontrastinformationD.TomaketheutterancesoundsmoothAnyunstressedsyllableorsyllablesthatmayprecedethe“head”,orthe“nucleus”ifthereisnohead,arecalledthe““”.A.tailB.pre-headC.headD.nucleusIfthespeakerwhatstohighlightdirection,whichwordofthesentence“TheyflewtoLondon.”shouldhavethenucleus?A.theyB.flewC.toD.LondonWhichoftheunderlinedlettersisproduceddifferentlyfromothers?A.hardwareB.declareC.apparentlyD.compareCanyouaskhimtocomebacktotheofficeateight?Accordingtothelinkingprinciple,between“you”and“ask”asoundshouldbeinserted.A.[j]B.[w]C.[r]D.[t]Fillintheblanks.ThefrequentoccurrenceofthesyllableisoneofthefundamentalcharacteristicsofspokenEnglish,andtheonethatmostdistinguishesEnglishfromChinese.Thesyllablewhichcarriesamaximalprominenceinthetoneunitiscalled.Whenwelinkthefinalvowels[。:]and[。]toafollowingvowel,weshouldaddthe[r]soundasin“theideo^of”，andthissoundiscalled.Anintonationunitusuallycorrespondstoagroup.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,thesound[p]and[t]areconsonantswhile[m]and[n]areconsonants..Thephonetictranscriptionoftheunderlinedwordsinthesentence“Thisplaniswell-designedbutnotperfect.Youcancarryoutasurveybeforeyouperfectit.”are[ ]and[ ]respectively.RhythminEnglishspeechisbasedon.Theintonationissaidtobemoreoftenassociatedwithincompletenessanduncertaintyandquestioning.Accordingtotheplaceofarticulation,thesound[0]and[6]are.TrueorFalseWhenEnglishspeakersspeak,theymakesomepartsofwordsstrongerandclearerthanotherparts.Speakerscanusedifferentpitchestoexpressdifferentfeelings:happiness,sadness,angerandsoon.Thelocationofthetonicsyllableisofconsiderablelinguisticimportance.Themostcommonpositionisonthefirstinformationwordoftheintonationunit.Tomakenaturallinking,itisimportanttosaygroupsofwordsinonebreathandkeepourvoicegoingfromonewordtothenext.IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentence,thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime.Notalllanguagesintheworldhavetheirownrhythmicpatterns.IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentence,whentherearefunctionwordsbetweenthestrongstresses,Englishspeakersmayreducethevowels(usingtheweakvowelorschwa)tomakethemshort.Forcontrastivepurposes,anywordmaybearthetonicsyllable.Speechsoundisthesmallestphoneticunitoflanguage,itisdistinctive.Intonationmakesspeechmeaningful.Intonationcanbeusedtoconveyfeelingsandattitudes.Thefallingintonationissaidtobemoreoftenassociatedwithcompletenessanddefiniteness.BothEnglishandChinesedependonthecorrectpronunciationofstressedandunstressedsyllablesrecurringinthesamephraseorsentenceintheexpressionofideas.Thefirstpartofadiphthongismuchlongerandstrongerthanthesecondpart.Alloftheprefixcan’tbestressed,suchassubmitandtelegram.Differentpitchesmayindicatedifferentmeaningsforthesameutterance.VariationofwordsorsyllablesthathavestrongstresswiththosethathaveweakerstressistypicalandcontributestotherhythmofEnglish.Englishspeakersusuallystressallwordsonlywhentheyareimpatientorangry.Englishnativespeakerscaneasilyunderstandyouwhenyoupronounceclearlyonesyllableafteranother.Inspeech,peopleoftenusetherisingtonetoindicatenewinformationandthefallingtonetoindicate“shared”or“given”information.Therhythmofalanguageischaracterizedbythetimingpatternofsuccessivesyllables.Answerthefollowingquestions.Forthesamesentence“Thosewhosoldquicklymadeaprofit.”,Englishspeakersmayhavetwodifferentunderstandingsbecauseofthedifferentplacementofthetone-unitboundary,asin:/'Thosewho'sold0胃quickly/'madea0profit./'Thosewho0/sold/'quickly'madea^profit.Pleaseparaphrasethesetwodifferentmeaningsofthesentencewithclearwords.2.Whatareinformationwordsandfunctionwords?WhatwordclassesdotheyusuallycontaininEnglish?Aretheyusuallystressedinanutterance?答案Multiplechoice1-5CBADC6-10CCBCD11-15DBCCCFillintheblanks.1.unstressed2.nucleus3.intrusive-r4.sense或者word5.plosive,nasal 6.['p3：fikt],[pdfekt] 7.stress8.rising9.inter-dentalTrueorFalse1-5FTFTT6-10FTTFT11-15TFTFT16-20TTFFTAnswerthefollowingquestionsandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.Forthesamesentence“Thosewhosoldquicklymadeaprofit.”,Englishspeakersmayhavetwodifferentunderstandingsbecauseofthedifferentplacementofthetone-unitboundary,asin:/'Thosewho'sold0刁quickly/'madea^profit./'ThosewhoS列sold/'quickly'madea-^profit.Pleaseparaphrasethesetwodifferentmeaningsofthesentencewithclearwords.(5%)Aprofitwasmadebythosewhosoldquickly.Aprofitwasquicklymadebythosewhosold.2.Whatareinformationwordsandfunctionwords?WhatwordclassesdotheyusuallycontaininEnglish?Aretheyusuallystressedinanutterance?Informationwordsareusuallynouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbs.Functionwordsusuallycontainarticles,pronouns,possessives,prepositions,auxiliaryverbsandconjunctions.Informationwordsgiveinformationaboutwho,what,when,where,whyandhow.Theyexpressthemainideaorcontentofthephraseorsentence.Theycarrythemessageandthereforeareusuallystressed.Functionwordsareusuallyunstressedandtheyconnecttheinformationwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.《實(shí)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音》復(fù)習(xí)資料3I.MultiplechoiceUsuallystressfallsonwordswhichare importantinasentence.A.phoneticallyB.grammaticallyC.semantically referstothetotalpatternofpitchchanges,i.e.therisingandfallingofthevoicewhenapersonisspeaking,withinanutterance.A.stressB.rhythmC.intonationD.toneThewordswhichshouldbeinweakformsincludeformwordsandpersonalpronoun,relativepronoun,possessivepronounand .A.article B.indefinitepronounC.notionalword D.numeralNucleusplacingisimportantasEnglishspeakersusenucleustodothefollowingEXCEPT .A.Tofocuslistener’sattentionB.TomakemeaningclearC.TocontrastinformationD.TomaketheutterancesoundsmoothAnyunstressedsyllableorsyllablesthatmayprecedethe“head”,orthe“nucleus”ifthereisnohead,arecalledthe“”.A.tailB.pre-headC.headD.nucleusIfthespeakerwhatstohighlightdirection,whichwordofthesentence“TheyflewtoLondon.”shouldhavethenucleus?A.theyB.flewC.toD.LondonInspeech,maybedefinedasthedegreeofintensityorloudnessplacedonasound,thatis,theamountofforceoneputsonasyllableorwordtogiveitimportance.A.toneB.rhythmC.stressD.intonationAunitisformedbyastressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllableswhichmaycomebeforethatstressand/orafterit.A.rhythmB.toneC.intonationD.stressedWhenEnglishspeakersarespeaking,theyusuallydothefollowingexcept .makesomepartsofwordsstrongerandclearerthanotherparts.arrangewordsintogroupsandjointhemtogetherneverjoinpartsofthewordstogethermakesomewordsstrongerandclearerthanotherwordsInspokenEnglish,weblendorjointhefinalconsonantofonewordwiththeinitialvowelofthefollowingword,asin"post_offce”.Thisphenomenoniscalled .A.assimilationB.elisionC.linkingD.combination wordsareusuallynouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbs,whichgiveinformationaboutwho,what,when,where,whyandhow.A.FunctionalB.UnstressedC.ItalicizedD.InformationInwhichofthefollowingwords,the“ed”isproducedas[d]?A.laughedB.changedC.wretchedD.nakedTOC\o"1-5"\h\zThesmallestdistinctivephoneticunitofalanguageis .A.allophoneB.phonemeC.phoneticsD.speechsoundTherearenine consonants,formingthelargestsetofconsonantsinEnglish.A.stopB.fricativeC.nasalD.approximantThenumberofphonemeintheword“combination”is .A.10 B.9C.7 D.8Inwordsliketimetable['taimteib(o)l],wecanfinddegreesofstress.A.2B.4C.3D.5Effectivecommunicationinspeechdependsagreatextenton__.A.toneB.rhythmC.stressD.intonationWhichofthefollowingpartofspeechisincludedininformationwords?A.nounB.verbC.possessiveD.adverbWhichoneinthefollowingisnotthefeatureofweakformsofwords?reductionofthelengthofsoundsobscurationofvowelstowardstheschwaelisionofvowelsandconsonantsemphasisofcertaininformationWhichstatementinthefollowingisNOTtrue?Differentpitchesmayindicatedifferentmeaningsforthesameutterance.Differentpitcheshelpusexpressourfeelings.Inlisteningtothemeaningofanutterance,welistentohowspeakerstalkaswellastowhattheysay.WecannotgettherelationshipofwordswithinandbetweensentencesthroughEnglishintonation.Fillintheblanks.ManyfunctionwordsinEnglishhavetwopronunciations: formsandforms.Theconsonantsaremadebycompletelystoppingtheairflowatsomepointinthemouthandthen,formostproductions,releasingitintothesoundthatfollows.Anintonationunitusuallycorrespondstoagroup.Thephonetictranscriptionoftheunderlinedwordsinthesentence“ThepresentpresidentofthecommitteewillpresentthefinalreporttoParliamentsoon.”are[ ]and[ ]respectively.Thesyllablewhichcarriesamaximalprominenceinthetoneunitiscalled.Intonationcanbeusedtoconveyfeelingsandattitudes.Theintonationissaidtobemoreoftenassociatedwithfeelingsofhesitation,contrast,reservationordoubt.Accordingtotheplaceofarticulation,thesound[0]and[d]are .Headinanintonationunitextendsfromthesyllableuptothe.StressedsyllablesinEnglishhaveandclearvowelsounds.InspokenEnglish,thephenomenonofjoiningwordstogetheriscalled.TrueorFalseLongvowelsarelongerwhenitisinthefinalposition.Tomakenaturallinking,itisimportanttosaygroupsofwordsinonebreathandkeepourvoicegoingfromonewordtothenext.Whenafunctionwordoccursattheendofasentence,italsokeepsweak.IntherhythmicpatternofanEnglishsentence,thestressedsyllablesfolloweachotheratroughlyequalintervalsoftime.Notalllanguagesintheworldhavetheirownrhythmicpatterns.Inspeech,peopleoftenusetherisingtonetoindicatenewinformationandthefallingtonetoindicate“shared”or“given”information.Forcontrastivepurposes,anywordmaybearthetonicsyllable.Intonationmakesspeechmeaningful.Intonationcanbeusedtoconveyfeelingsandattitudes.Thefallingintonationissaidtobemoreoftenassociatedwithcompletenessanddefiniteness.BothEnglishandChinesedependonthecorrectpronunciationofstressedandunstressedsyllablesrecurringinthesamephraseorsentenceintheexpressionofi