第二部分中考語法精講精練第三代詞

第二部分中考語法精講精練第三講

代

詞人稱代詞1．人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示：2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。動詞前面用主格，動詞或介詞之后用賓格。如：I

like

table

tennis.(作主語)我喜歡打乒乓球。Do

you

know

him?

(作賓語)你認識他嗎？3．人稱代詞還可作表語，作表語時用賓格。如：—Who

is

knocking

at

the

door?誰在敲門？—It's

me.是我。

4．一般情況下，多個人稱代詞同時出現(xiàn)的順序是：單數(shù)是

you,heandI,

復數(shù)是we,

you

andthey。物主代詞1．表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示：數(shù)人

稱類別單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir數(shù)人

稱類別單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs中文意思我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的2.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。一般情況下形容詞性物主代詞后面接名詞。如：Our

teacheris

coming

toseeus.我們的老師要來看我們了。3．名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。一般情況下名詞性物主代詞后面不可接名詞。如：Ourschool

is

here

and

theirs

is

there.(作主語)我們的學校在這里，他們的在那里。反身代詞英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，

“我們自己”，“你們自己”，“他們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如下表所示：人稱數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,

herself,

itself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1.反身代詞可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。如：He

calledhimself

a

writer.他稱自己為作家。作表語。如：Thegirl

inthestory

isactually

herself.故事里的那個女孩其實就是她自己。(3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。如：

You

should

ask

the

teacher

himself.(作賓語同位語)

你應該問老師他自己。2．反身代詞必須要與被指代人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，意為“某人自己”。如：You

can

do

all

the

homework

by

yourself.你可以自己做所有的家庭作業(yè)。3．反身代詞在實際運用中，可構成很多固定詞組。如：

teach

oneself＝learn

by

oneself自學enjoy

oneself玩得高興

help

oneselfto隨便吃

come

to

oneself蘇醒過來

lose

oneself迷路dress

oneself自己穿衣服巧學妙記反身代詞莫亂用，能作句中賓(賓語)、表(表語)、同(同位語)，主語、定語不能用，固定搭配要記清。指示代詞1．指示代詞包括：this,

that,

these,

those(1)this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，

that和those則指時間或空間上較遠的事物或人。如：This

is

a

pen

andthat

is

a

pencil.這是一支鋼筆，那是一支鉛筆。We

are

busy

these

days.這些天我們很忙。(2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如：I

had

a

cold.That's

why

I

didn't

come.我感冒了，這就是我沒有來的原因。What

I

want

to

say

is

this:_pronunciation

is

very

important

inlearning

English.我想說的是：學英語時發(fā)音非常重要。(3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替。如：TV

setsmade

in

Beijing

are

just

as

good

as

those

made

inShanghai.在北京生產的電視機和那些在上海生產的一樣好。巧學妙記this，these靠近我，that，those離我遠。

this，that指單數(shù)，these，those不指單。都可用the來代替，勸君務必記心間。(4)this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對方。如：Hello!

This

is

Mary.Is

that_Jackspeaking?你好！我是瑪麗，你是杰克嗎？2．it,

one,

that作代詞的區(qū)別it指上文提到過的事物。如：

The

book

is

mine.It

is

very

interesting.這本書是我的。它非常有趣。one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個。如：

Your

bike

is

very

beautiful.I

also

want

to

buy

one.你的自行車很漂亮。我也想買一輛。(3)that常用于比較結構中，代替前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，如指代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)要用those，為了避免重復。如：TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan

that

inZhanjiang.北京的天氣比湛江冷多了。Theflowersontheleftaremorebeautifulthan

those

ontheright.左邊的花比右側的更美麗。不定代詞1．常見的不定代詞有：some,

any,one,

each,

every,no,none,

all,

both,

either,neither,many,much,

a

few,a

little,

other,another,the

other等。2

．形容詞修飾something,

anything,

nothing,

somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,

everyone,

everybody等不定代詞時，形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。如：something

important

重要的東西；nothing

interesting沒有有趣的東西。3．易混不定代詞辨析(復習時注意歸納總結)。疑問代詞疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如：Who

is

going

to

come

here

tomorrow？(作主語)明天誰會來這里？What

is

that?(作表語)那是什么？(名詞、冠詞、代詞)More

people

join

gyms

in

January

than

in

any

1

month.But

not

all

of

2

will

stick

around.So

3

do

youmake

sure

you

find

a

gym

you

like，and

more

importantly，one

where

you

feel

comfortable？“From

the

moment

youwalk

in，

4

should

beabout

theenergy.Dothey

greet

you?Do

the

people

working

out

look

like

5

having

a

goodtime？”Jarrod

Saracco，a

fitness

industry

consultant(顧問)with20

6

ofexperienceinthefield

said.Of

course，there

are

more

than

32，150

health

clubs

in

theUnited

States，so

choosing

the

right

7

can

take

a

littledoing.Here

are

some

tips

to

make

sure

you

choose

the

perfectgym

8

first

time.Find

a

gym

close

to

home

“You

can

walk

to

the

gym

to

dosome

sports.It's

better

to

drive

less

than

15

9

，”

says

JimThomas，a

fitness

industry

consultant.“If

you

find

a

goodplace

to

park

10

car，your

choice

maybe

right.”Visit

at

your

prime

workout

time

Saturday

afternoon

may

bethe

ideal

hours

to

check

out

a

gym.You

can

go

and

have

11

look

at

it.If

it

is

verycrowded，try

12

gym.Check

for

clean

machines

Keeping

things

clean

or

not

means

13

gym

is

good

or

bad.A

professional

crew

should

comedaily，

but

14

should

also

be

wiping

down

machinesthroughout

the

day.While

you're

visiting，watch

to

see

whetherthere's

a

strict

policy

of

wiping

down

15

after

use.If

not，try

another

gym.C．othersD．the

other)2.A.theyB．themC．theirD．themselves)3.A.howB．whatC．whereD．why)4.A.itB．