高考總復(fù)習(xí)不定式專題

PAGEPAGE1高考熱點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成：todo解讀：動(dòng)詞不定式雖然不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，但仍留著動(dòng)詞的特征，它可以帶有所需要的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，如：tostudyhard,toplaytabletennis。動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式完成進(jìn)行式主動(dòng)tobuildtohavebuilttobebuildingtohavebeenbuilding被動(dòng)tobebuilttohavebeenbuilt動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法：這里只學(xué)習(xí)不定式做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，和狀語(yǔ)的用法，它作定語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)的用法與分詞一塊學(xué)習(xí)。作主語(yǔ)句型：Itis/was+形容詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todosth解讀1：不定式作主語(yǔ)常見的是it作形式主語(yǔ)，放在句首，將真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）放在句子后面。經(jīng)典例句：It’seasytobewiseaftertheevent.Itiseasiertospendmoneythantomakemoney.It’sbettertolovesomeoneyoucan’thavethantohavesomeoneyoucan’tlove.Itisnotagoodhabittostayuptoolate解讀2：此外形式主語(yǔ)it不能用that、this來(lái)替換。這也是不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的考點(diǎn)。出題句型是：______is/was+形容詞/可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+todo此句型特別重要，要牢記。判斷下列句子讀錯(cuò)，并說(shuō)明理由：Thisisimpossibleforpeopletostaredirectlyatthesun..Duetotherefractionoflightrays,thisisimpossibleforthenakedeyetodeterminetheexactlocationofastarclosetothehorizon.解讀3：it作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通常用for+名詞（代詞）或of+名詞（代詞）放在不定式的前面。此時(shí)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)須看與邏輯主語(yǔ)的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。For與of的區(qū)別是初中內(nèi)容。經(jīng)典例題：1.Is_______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.thisB.thereC.thatD.it2.Thedoctorthought____wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全國(guó)卷II14).A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it3..It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.（2011北京卷）A.tobeupdated B.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdate D.tohaveupdated二．作賓語(yǔ)1.直接作賓語(yǔ)句型：動(dòng)詞（vt）+todo解讀：直接跟在一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)。這時(shí)句子有以下兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)： 第一：句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是一致的，不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)需看與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系。 第二：這時(shí)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是描寫態(tài)度；不定式動(dòng)作則說(shuō)明行為。經(jīng)典例句：Nobodywantstobelaughedat.Thiscompanyrefusedtocooperatewithus.經(jīng)典例題：1.Idon'twant____likeI'mspeakingiiiofanybody,butthemanager'splanisunfair.(2005天津卷)A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_______talkingwhilesheworks.(2006北京卷)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Asayoungman,Ihate______________inpublic.A.laughedatB.tobelaughedatC.tolaughatD.laughingat2.句型：某些及物動(dòng)詞+連詞+todo解讀：在一些動(dòng)詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what,who,which）或連接副詞（how,when,where）及連詞whether后面接一個(gè)帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。常見的動(dòng)詞有：ask,decide,explain,forget,findout,guess,imagine,know,wonder.經(jīng)典例句：Iwonderwhotoinvite.Showuswhattodo.Idon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.考點(diǎn)解讀：①不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)：必須用主動(dòng)形式，此時(shí)易誤選為被動(dòng)形式。②當(dāng)連接詞為代詞時(shí)，不定式為及物動(dòng)詞，且其后不加賓語(yǔ)。經(jīng)典例題：1.There’ssomuchdeliciousfood!Ican’tdecided________.A.whattoeatB.whentoeatC.howtoeatD.wheretoeat2.Canyoutellme________ontheInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.wherecanIsearchD.whencanIsearch3.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(2009四川卷)A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had3．不定式作賓語(yǔ)后置：如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面，構(gòu)成句型“動(dòng)詞+it+賓補(bǔ)（名詞或形容詞）+賓語(yǔ)todo”。A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet2.Beforethebosscameback,wehadnothingtodobut______________here.A.todoB.doingC.doesD.do3.Afterhegaveawonderfullecture,theaudiencecouldn’thelp__________.A.claptheirhandsB.clappingtheirhandsC.toclaptheirhandsD.clapstheirhands綜合練習(xí)：1.(2006浙江卷)18.Itremains________whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2.(2009湖南卷)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit______.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.tobereused3.(2006上海春)38.______theemployees'workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.HavingimprovedD.Improved4.(2006山東卷)33.Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto____sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.A.havebeenmissingB.havegotlostC.bemissingD.getlost5.Mr.Smithwasmuchsurprisedtofindthewatchhehadhad_____wasnowheretobeseen.A.repairingB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired6.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects7.Youseemedtobenervous.Oh.Withsomanywatchersaround,howcouldIkeepcalm?A．standing B．stood C．tostand D．stand8.AIDSissaid_________thebiggesthealthprobleminAfricaoverthepastyears.A.tobe B.thatitis C.tohavebeen D.thatithasbeen9．youturnoffallthelightswhenyouareawayfromtheclassroom.A．Makingsure B．Tomakesure C．Beingsure D．Makesure10.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness_________.(江西卷)A．tomakeB．tobemadeC．makingD．beingmade11.(2010遼寧卷25.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound12.(廣東卷)31.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofind

B.finding

C.found

D.tohavefound13.(2010四川卷11).Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompany，thoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith14.IsBobstillperforming?

I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial

A.tohaveleft

B.toleave

C.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft2012-2006動(dòng)詞不定式高考題1.【2012全國(guó)卷II】⒖Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy___anythingthathappenedtobeon. A.towatch B.watching C.watched D.tohavewatched2.【2012安徽】24.IrememberedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked3.【2012重慶】28.We’rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision______atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade4.【2012陜西】22.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut_____anevengreaterchallenge.A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet5.【2012山東】26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_______thathiswifehadlefthim.A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told6.【2012湖南】21.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds____toachievethefinalsuccess.A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo【2012江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_____tothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken【2012遼寧】29.Thismachineisveryeasy______.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate【2012四川】6.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound【2012浙江】3.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter____silent.A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain11.【2012浙江】8.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyor____hisjob.A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit1.（2011北京卷）It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.A.tobeupdated

B.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdate

D.tohaveupdated2.(2011上海卷)Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losing

B.tobelosing

C.tobelost

D.havinglost3.（2011安徽卷）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.A.break

B.breaking

C.broken

D.tobreak4.（2011浙江卷）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheered

B.becheered

C.tobecheered

D.werecheered5.（2011福建卷）ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable____.

A.held

B.holding

C.beheld

D.tohold6.（2011四川卷）Simonmadeabigbamboobox_______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keep

B.kept

C.keeping

D.tokeep7.（2011天津卷）Passengersarepermitted_____onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarry

B.carrying

C.tobecarried

D.beingcarried8.（2011重慶卷）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraise

B.raisingC.tohaveraised

D.havingraised9.(2011湖南卷)Theability

_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressing

B.expressed

C.toexpress

D.tobeexpressedKeys:ABDCDDA1.（10上海40）Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce2.（10江西32）Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting______.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered3.（10山東23）Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted4.（10全國(guó)=1\*ROMANI34）WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought5.（10陜西19）Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished6.（10遼寧25）Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefound7.（10重慶34）Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone______firstisthelibrary.A.repaired B.beingrepaired C.repairing D.toberepaired8.(09安徽28)Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced9.(09北京28)Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent10．(09湖南23)Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere. A.wouldopen B.opened C.hadopened D.11.(09湖南29)Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.12.(09海南30)Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat13.(09山東22)Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding14.(09上海39)Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported15.(09四川2)Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.Had16.(09天津4)______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete17.(09江蘇26)SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,

reduceunemploymentpressures.A.help

B.tohavehelped

C.tohelp

D.havinghelped18.(08全國(guó)Ⅰ26)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood .A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathing D.beingbreathed—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?—Yes.But it，Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofind B.findC.tobefinding D.finding19.(08北京32)Ifeelgreatlyhonored intotheirsociety.A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomed D.welcomed20.(08湖南30) theprojectasplanned，we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.A.CompletingB.CompleteC.Completed D.Tocomplete21.(07全國(guó)Ⅰ25)—Thelastone paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrived B.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving22.(07上海35)Ther