上海高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)2時態(tài)和語態(tài)剖析課件

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)二動詞主動態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般進行完成完成進行動詞主動態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進行完成完成進行動詞主動態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成完成進行動詞主動態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成hadwrittenhave/haswrittenwillhavewrittenwouldhavewritten完成進行動詞主動態(tài)形式：(以write為例)過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般wrotewrite/writeswillwritewouldwrite進行was/werewritingam/is/arewritingwillbewritingwouldbewriting完成hadwrittenhave/haswrittenwillhavewrittenwouldhavewritten完成進行hadbeenwritinghave/hasbeenwritingwillhavebeenwritingwouldhavebeenwriting一般過去時：Wedidn’thaveanylandatthattime.

過去某一特定時間所發(fā)生的事LuXun

wasagreatwriter.

已故之人的行為Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotothelecture.

從實際語境中可以判斷是過去發(fā)生的常用時間狀語：

yesterday(morning…),last(night…),(aweek…)ago,that(day…),thedaybeforeyesterday,theyearbeforelast,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,thismorning過去進行時Whatwere

youdoing

fromsixtoeightyesterdayevening?

表示過去的某個時間點或時間段內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作Wewerecleaningthehousewhentheyarrived.

從上下文的語境進行判斷將來進行時Thistimenextweekwewillbeworkinginthatfactory.

表示將來的某個時間點或時間段正在發(fā)生的動作。一般現(xiàn)在時Lightstravelsfasterthansounds.

客觀真理Helovessports.

事實描述Theywalktoworkeveryday.

經(jīng)常性的動作Tellherthegoodnewswhenshe

comes.

祈使句；主將從現(xiàn)的從句常用時間狀語：

every(day…),usually,often,sometimes,seldom,onceaday現(xiàn)在進行時：Look!Awomanwithtwochildreniscominguptous.Heisplayingfootballnow.

表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動作。常用時間狀語：

now,atthemoment,atpresent,always,allthetime常見標(biāo)志詞：look,listen注意！Thegirlisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.

進行時和always,allthetime連用，表示說話人抱怨或贊嘆的情緒，帶感情色彩。

SheisleavingforNanjingtomorrowmorning.

表示來往動作的動詞可用進行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。

eg:come,go,arrive,leave,start,fly注意！表示“感官，心理活動，狀態(tài)，從屬”的動詞不用進行時。感官：sound,smell,taste,feel,look,see,hear,notice,appear,seem心理活動：hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,understand,know,realize,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember狀態(tài)：be,exist,remain,stay,obtain,gain,get從屬：have,possess,own,contain,belongto,consistof一般將來時：

Iwill/shallarrive

tomorrow.

將來某個時間點要做的事

IwillletyouknowwhenIfinish.

主將從現(xiàn)的主句

Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.

祈使句后面跟的并列句

常用時間狀語：

tomorrow(morning…),next(year…),in(aweek…),thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture,inaminute,beforelong,atonce,soon,rightaway,rightnow,rightoff,presently注意!willdo/shalldo

將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。begoingtodo

打算；自然現(xiàn)象表明。betodo

按計劃必須要做的事。beabouttodo

剛要做某件事。

現(xiàn)在完成時：Thecityhastakenonanewlook.Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?

到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生的動作。常用時間狀語：

already,yet,never,ever,since,for(sometime),recently,lately,sofar,bynow,uptillnow,tothisday,inthepast10years,forthelastfewdays,before注意!

瞬間動詞不能和for(sometime)連用：

become die leave return marry getup borrow jointhearmybebedeadbeawaybebackbemarriedbeupkeepserveinthearmy現(xiàn)在完成進行時Ihavebeenwritinglettersallthemorning.

表示過去某一時刻開始的動作且狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常用時間狀語：

allthemorning,alldaylong,allnightlong,alltheyearround.過去完成時：Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Thetaskwasmuchharderthanwehadexpected.

以過去某個時間點作參照，在這之前已發(fā)生的動作。（過去的過去）過去將來時：Shefeltsorryandsaidshewouldmakeanapologytoyou.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'tsucceednow.以過去某個時間點作參照，將來要做的動作。常用于間接引語和虛擬句中。有固定時態(tài)用法的幾種情況：bytheendof/bythetime后跟過去時間，主句過去完成時。bytheendof/bythetime后跟將來時間或一般現(xiàn)在時，主句將來完成時。Hardly/Scarcely…when…,Nosooner…than…主句過去完成時，從句一般過去時。hope,expect,intend,mean,want,plan用過去完成時表示沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或意圖。例：IhadhopedthatIcouldpassthedrivingtest,butIfailedagain.Itisthefirst/second/thirdtimethat…+現(xiàn)在完成時Itwasthefirst/second/thirdtimethat…+過去完成時Itis(high)timethat…+did/shoulddowouldrather(that)sb+did/haddone

過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿贿^去完成時表示過去的愿望…h(huán)ave/hasdone…since…did…主句現(xiàn)在完成時,從句過去時Itis/hasbeen+一段時間since…did…從句過去時Itwillbe+一段時間before…do/does…從句現(xiàn)在時Itwas+一段時間before…did…從句過去時有固定時態(tài)用法的幾種情況：容易混淆時態(tài)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時

Therestauranthasbeencloseddown. Therestaurantwascloseddownyesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，一般過去時發(fā)生的動作與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時

Theyhavebeenrepairingcars.他們一直在修汽車。

Theyhaverepairedseveralcars.他們已修了幾輛汽車。現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作的不間斷性，當(dāng)與for+sometime連用時可以與現(xiàn)在完成時互換使用。過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般進行完成動詞被動態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進行完成動詞被動態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進行was/werebeingdoneam/is/arebeingdone//完成動詞被動態(tài)形式過去現(xiàn)在將來過去將來一般was/weredoneam/is/aredonewillbedonewouldbedone進行was/werebeingdoneam/is/arebeingdone//完成hadbeendonehave/hasbeendonewillhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone動詞被動態(tài)形式1.(人們)普遍認為2.據(jù)說3.據(jù)報道4.眾所周知5.必須指出Itisgenerallybelievedthat…,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat,Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…Itissaidthat…Itisreportedthat…ItiswellknownthatItmustbepointedoutthat漢語句子沒有明確主語時，在英語中一般用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示不同形式的被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.含有直賓和間賓的句子Heshowedmehispictures.→Iwasshownhispicturesbyhim.→Hispictureswereshowntomebyhim.Auntmademeanewdress.→Iwasmadeanewdressbyaunt.→Anewdresswasmadeformebyaunt.2.含有復(fù)合賓語的句子TheycallherMary.→SheiscalledMary.Heleftthedooropen.→Thedoorwasleftopenbyhim.MybrotheroftenmademedothisandthatwhenIwasyoung.→IwasoftenmadetodothisandthatbymybrotherwhenIwasyoung.注意：make,have,hear,watch,see,feel,notice等動詞變?yōu)楸粍樱仨氝€原to3.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)Theycannotfindhim.→Hecannotbefound.Youmustpaymeforthis.→Imustbepaidforthis.Hecanrepairyourwatch.→Yourwatchcanberepaired.4.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)Theyhadputoutthefirebeforethefirebrigadearrived.→Thefirehadbeenputoutbeforethefire-bri