2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省寶雞市渭濱區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年陜西省寶雞市渭濱區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）AFourunusualfestivalsaroundtheworldWifeCarryingCompetition—Sonkaj?rvi,Finland

Althoughtheexactoriginsofthetraditionareunknownbecauseofitslonghistory,buttoday,wifecarryingispracticedaroundtheworld.Participants（參與者）areallowedtocarrytheirwivesinvariousways—includingpiggybackorfireman'scarrying.Theprizeisawardedbasedonthewife'sweightinbeer.

MonkeyBuffet（自助餐）Festival—Lopburi,Thailand

Youmayconsiderhowamonkeywouldtaste,butthisisabuffetformonkeys.ThelocalmonkeysintheLopburiaregiftedwithafeastoftonsoffruits,vegetables,cakes,andcandieseveryNovember.Afterthemonkeysaregiventheirtreat,youthsdressedupasmonkeysperformdances.Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989，runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.Luckilyforhimandthemonkeys,itworked.

MudFestival—Boryeong,ROK

Thefestivalisnothistoricbyanymeans—thefirstonetookplacein1998—anditwasoriginallycreatedasamarketingeventforBoryeongmudcosmetics（化妝品）.ThemudfromtheBoryeongisconsideredrichinnaturalmineralsandisusedtomakebeautyproducts.Popularactivitiesincludeamudpool,mudslidesandmudskiing.

TomatoFestival—Bunol,Valencia,Spain

ThefestivalhasrunannuallyinAugustduringaweeklongcelebrationinBunolsince1945，whenanoisycrowdtookthetomatoesfromavegetablestallandstartedafoodfight.Thehour-longtomatofightusedupabout145，000kgoftomatoesin2015.Since2013ithasbeenaticketedeventtolimitparticipantstojust20，000.1.WhatwillyougetifyouwintheWifeCarryingCompetition？______A.Awife. B.Lotsofmoney. C.Apig. D.Lotsofbeer.2.WhatisthepurposeofcreatingMonkeyBuffetFestival？______A.Totastethemonkey. B.Topromotemudmakeups.

C.Todeveloptourism. D.Tosellouttomatoes.3.Whichfestivalislikelytohavetheshortesthistory？______A.WifeCarryingCompetition. B.MudFestival.

C.MonkeyBuffetFestival. D.TomatoFestival.BAlanMathisonTuringwasborninEnglandin1912.Likemanytalentswhogoontogreatthings，Turingshowedhisincredibleintelligencefromaveryyoungage.Infact，bythetimehewashalfwaythroughprimaryschool，Turing'steachershadalreadyrealizedhewasamathematicalgenius.Hecoulddocomplexcalculatinginhisheadeventhoughhehadneverbeentaughtaboutit.

Fortunately，TuringwastheoppositeofHawking，andheabsolutelylovedschool.Proofofthisistheextremelengthshewouldgojusttogettoclass.Forexample，ononeoccasionwhentherewasatrainstrike，Turingevencycled60milestoattend.Nowthat'sdevotion!

However，inspiteofTuring'sscholarlyattitudeandhisobviousgenius，histeachershadtheirconcernsabouthisfuture.Thisisbecausewell-knownschoolsinBritainliketheonesTuringattendedregardedtheClassics，suchasLatinandGreekasthemostimportant，notsubjectslikemathsandscience.Turing'sproudteachersevenwroteletterstohisparentsaskingthemtoconvincetheyoungmantofocusmoreontheClassics.ImaginehowdifferenttheworldmightbeiftheyoungTuringhadlistenedtohisteachers!Thankfully，hisloveforallthingsscientificandmathematicalmeanttherewasnochanceofthat.

Afterfinishingsecondaryschool，TuringcompletedadegreeinmathematicsatKing'sCollegeCambridge，andthenobtainedhisPhDfromPrincetonUniversityintheUSA.ItwasduringtheseuniversityyearsthatheinventedtheTuringMachine，whichisconsideredbymanypeopletobetheearliestversionofacomputerprocessingunit.Itsoundsunbelievablethatanybodycouldhaveinventedsomethingwhichwassimilartoacomputerin1936.ButthatjustshowshowfaraheadofhistimeAlanTuringwas，evenwhenhewasstillayoungman.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutTuringaccordingtoparagraphs1-2？______A.HemaintainedinterestintheClassics.

B.Herejectedattendingfamousschools.

C.Heshowedastrongdesireforschooling.

D.Heignoredparents'adviceoncourseselection.5.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheTuringMachine？______A.Hearguesit'sstilllimitedinmanyfunctions.

B.Hethinksit'sinfluentialincomputerhistory.

C.Hedoubtsifitistrulyinventedbyayoungman.

D.Heconsiderstheconstructionofsuchmachinesimpossible.6.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage？______A.Toindicatethelinkbetweengeniusandsuccess.

B.ToillustratetheinventionoftheTuringMachine.

C.Tostresstheimpactofteachers'guidanceonTuring'slife.

D.TointroduceTuring'sgenius，scholarlyattitudeandachievement.7.WhatdoesTuring'sstorytellus？______A.Nothinggreatwaseverachievedwithoutenthusiasm.

B.Ordinarypeoplehope，whiletalentedpeoplecreate.

C.Contentedwithlittle，yetwishingformore.

D.Chancesfavorthemindsthatareprepared.CTheAustralianKoalaFoundationsaysAustraliahaslostabout30percentofitskoalasoverthepastthreeyears.Thenon-profitgroupsaysdrought（干旱），wildfiresanddevelopmentprojectsplayedapartinthedropinthekoalapopulation.Theyareaskingthegovernmenttodomoretoprotectthecreature'senvironment.

Thegroupsaidthekoalapopulationhasdroppedtolessthan58，000thisyearfrommorethan80，000in2018.Thebiggestdecrease（減少）wasinthestateofNewSouthWales，wherethenumbershavedroppedby41percent.DeborahTabartleadstheAustralianKoalaFoundation.Shecalledthedropquitehuge.Onlyoneareainthestudywasestimated（預(yù)估）tohavemorethan5，000koalas.Someareaswereestimatedtohaveasfewasfiveorten.

Tabartsaid，"Whatwe'reconcernedaboutareplaceslikewesternNewSouthWaleswherethedroughtoverthelasttenyearshasjusthadthiscumulative（積累）effect，riversystemscompletelydryforyears，andredgumplants，whicharethelifebloodofkoalas，aredead."ThelossinNewSouthWaleslikelyspedupafterlargeforestareasweredestroyedbywildfiresinlate2019andearly2020.Butsomeofthoseareasalreadyhadnokoalas.

Tabartsaidthecountryneedsakoalaprotectionlaw.Landclearingbypropertydevelopersandroadbuildershasalsodestroyedthekoala'senvironment."Ithinkeveryonegetsitthatwe'vegottochange.Butifthosebulldozers（推土機(jī)）keepworking，thenIreallyfearforthekoalas，"Tabartsaid.8.Howdidtheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph？______A.Bygivingnumbers. B.Bytellingstories.

C.Byfollowingthetimeorder. D.Bycomparingopinions.9.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph3？______A.Theharmtokoalasfromwildfires.

B.Thebadeffectofdevelopment.

C.Thedeathofvarioustrees.

D.Somecausesofthedecreaseinkoalas.10.WhatdidTabartmainlysuggestinordertoprotectkoalas？______A.Fightingagainstclimatechange.

B.Makingaspeciallaw.

C.Stoppinghousingbuilding.

D.Keepingwildfiresfromspreading.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.Australia'sWildAnimalsAreFacingBigDanger.

B.EffectsofAustralia'sWildfiresAreBeginningtoShowUp.

C.AustraliaLostOne-ThirdofItsKoalasinLastThreeYears.

D.KoalasinAustraliaCouldDisappearfromtheEarthintheFuture.DThesedays，itseemslikeeveryonewantstogooutintospaceandliveonnewplanets.Ratherthandependonanotherpre-existingplanet，couldwemakeanew，properplanetourselves？

Tostartwith，ifwe'dwanttobelivingonit，weshouldfindagoodplaceinspacetoputthenewplanet.We'dwantittobeinahabitablezone，meaningtheplanetshouldbeattherightdistancefromitsstartomakesuretherewouldbeperfecttemperaturesandmostimportantly，liquid（液態(tài)的）water.

We'dalsoneedtherightmaterialstomaketheplanet.OurEarthismadeupofmanydifferentelements（元素）.Ifwemadeourownnewplanet，we'dprobablywantittohavesimilarelementsandasimilarstructure.We'dalsowantenoughwatertoformsomeoceans.Butevenifwegetallofthematerials，creatinganewplanetlikeEarthcouldhavemanytroubles.Itmightbesomethingmorelikeahugespacestation.Itwouldbeprettyexpensiveifwewantedittobesuperbig.

Wewouldprobablyalsoneedalotoffood，sincethere'sgoingtobemanyscientistsandastronautsoutinspaceworkingonthisproject!AccordingtoNASA，eachastronautusesabout0.83kilogramsoffoodpermeal，including0.12kilogramsofpackagingmaterial.Withouttheweightofthepackagingmaterial，we'dneedabout780kilogramsoffoodjusttofeedoneastronautforayear.

Puttingallthesetogethercouldmakeitpossibletomakeourownplanetoneday!Inreality，creatinganewplanetwouldprobablyrequireaverymoderntechnologyandtherewouldbetonsofotherthingstothinkabout.Andifthisisevenpossible，itlikelywon'thappenforaverylongtime.12.What'sthefirstthingweshoulddoifwewanttocreateanewplanet？______A.Toprepareenoughfood.

B.Tofindaproperplacetosettheplanet.

C.Todesignitsinnerstructure.

D.TocollectmaterialssimilartoourEarth.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto？______A.OurEarth. B.Outerspace.

C.Theoceanwater. D.Thenewplanet.14.Howmuchfooddoesanastronautactuallyeateachmeal？______A.About0.71kilograms. B.About0.83kilograms.

C.About0.12kilograms. D.About0.95kilograms.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcreatingaplanet？______A.Itisawasteofmoneyandtime.

B.ItshouldbeoneofNASA'snextplans.

C.Itwon'tcometrueinthenearfuture.

D.Itisnotagoodideaforhumans.二、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）OnSeptember3，1928，AlexanderFlemingwashardatwork.His（1）______wastostudybacteriainalab.Whileworking，F(xiàn)lemingfoundmold（霉菌）ononeofhisPetridishes.Andwhenhelooked（2）______，hesawsomething（3）______.Thebacteriahestudiedwerealso（4）______alloverthedish，buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold.He（5）______whetherthebacteriaweredrivenawaybythemold.Aftermoretests，F(xiàn)lemingfoundthatitwasdoingjustthat.Andhelearnedthatthemoldwasa（6）______calledPenicillin.

Flemingbelievedthathecouldturnthemoldintomedicineto（7）______infections.Thismedicinewastheworld'sfirstantibiotic（抗生素）.Flemingfirst（8）______it"moldjuice".Later，he（9）______thenameto"penicillin".Soon，ateamatOxfordUniversity（10）______tohelp.ScientistsHowardFlorey，ErnstChainandNormanHeatleyworkedwithFleming.Together，theyfurther（11）______penicillin.

Thefirstpatienttreatedwiththenewdrughadabad（12）______.HisnamewasAlbertAlexander.Afterafew（13）______withpenicillin，hefeltmuchbetter.However，they（14）______themedicine.Theinfectioncameback，and（15）______Alexanderpassedaway.Still，thedoctorshadlearnedthatpenicillincouldfightbacteria.Theyjustneededto（16）______moreofit.Later，F(xiàn)loreyandChainflewtotheUnitedStates.There，theyfoundwaystogrowthemold（17）______.Startingin1942，penicillinwasusedtotreatWorldWarⅡsoldiers.

Atthattime，diseaseswerejustas（18）______forsoldiersatwarasenemyforceswere.Bacterialpneumonia（肺炎）alone（19）______18%ofAmericansoldierstodieinthefirstWorldWar.Thankstopenicillin，that（20）______tolessthanonepercentinWorldWarⅡ.

Thefourscientistssavedlivesandchangedtheworldofmedicineforever.Today，antibioticsareusedtotreatmanyillnesses.16.

A.ambition B.dream C.job D.success17.

A.closely B.quickly C.simply D.gently18.

A.unusual B.disappointing C.formal D.alarming19.

A.producing B.growing C.posting D.sharing20.

A.demanded B.confirmed C.judged D.wondered21.

A.organization B.species C.tissue D.type22.

A.research B.split C.fight D.cross23.

A.found B.named C.listed D.recorded24.

A.seized B.changed C.added D.gave25.

A.setoff B.camedown C.steppedin D.gotback26.

A.developed B.updated C.combined D.identified27.

A.operation B.experience C.memory D.infection28.

A.strategies B.collections C.treatments D.services29.

A.ranoutof B.triedout C.calledfor D.brokeawayfrom30.

A.especially B.unfortunately C.possibly D.commonly31.

A.test B.replace C.invent D.make32.

A.further B.earlier C.faster D.better33.

A.popular B.active C.remarkable D.deadly34.

A.caused B.answered C.obtained D.damaged35.

A.expanded B.dropped C.remained D.controlled三、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.In2020，theNobelPeacePrize（1）______（award）totheWorldFoodProgramme（WFP）foritseffortstofighthunger.

TheWFP，（2）______（found）in1961，isthelargestfood-assistancebranchoftheUnitedNations.Inemergencies，itisoftenthefirstonthescene，deliveringfoodassistancetothevictimsofwars，civilconflicts，earthquakes，andcrop（3）______（fail）duetonaturaldisasters.In2019，theUNorganizationhelped97millionpeoplein88countries（4）______arevictimsofseriousfoodinsecurityandhunger，the（5）______（high）numbersince2012.

In2015，endinghungerwasadopted（6）______oneoftheUN'sSustainable（可持續(xù)的）DevelopmentGoals.Primarily，theWFPworkstorealizethisgoal.Itworkshard（7）______（help）peoplewhocannotproduceorobtainenoughfoodfor（8）______（they）andtheirfamilies.

TheWFPplays（9）______importantroleinfightinghungerforworldpeace.TheNobelCommitteewishestoemphasizethatprovidingaidtoincreasefoodsecuritynotjust（10）______（effective）preventshunger，butalsohelpstopromotestabilityandpeace.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)四、單詞拼寫-單句（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）37.Withthesummerholidayjustaroundthecorner，itseemslikeeverybodyisbusyplanningtheirvacations.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyouenjoyyourholidaywithoutemptyingyourpocket：

Traveloff-season

Gotoyourdesireddestinationwhilethedemandislowandtakeadvantageofhugediscounts.Duringthepeakseason，thehotelandflightpricesincreasequickly，andyou'lllikelyspendmoreofyourvacationtimestandinginlineduetotherushoftourists.（36）______

（37）______

Websitescanhelpyoufinddiscounthotelrooms.Lookforplacesthatdonotchargeextraforchildreniftheyusetheexistingbedding.Staywiththelocals.Ifyouandyourfamilyaregoingtostayforalongerperiod，rentingasmallapartmentisagoodchoice.

Eatlikealocal

Whyeatatbigchainrestaurantswhenyoucanexperiencesomethingnew？（38）______Duringyourfamilytrip，trynewfoodwherethelocalseat.Thiswillnotjustsavemoney，butalsoprovideyouwithanewanddifferentexperience.Forsmallermealsandsnacks，avoidrestaurantsandtrystreetfoodorothertakeout.

Don'thesitatetobargain

Tourist-heavyplacesareknownforoverchargingforjustabouteverything.Clothes，travelgoodies，souvenirs，etc.areveryexpensiveattheseplaces.（39）______Bargainhardtogetthebestprice.

Chooselocaltransportation

（40）______Instead，takebuses，railwaysorsubways，whicharealwayscheaper.Ifyouareplanningtostayforawhile，youcanconsiderrentingacar.Hiringacarismucheasierthancarryingyourbagseverywhereifyouaremovingaroundalot.

A.Saveonhotels.

B.SurftheInternetwhiletraveling.

C.Therefore，avoidbuyinganythingthere.

D.Soit'sbesttofindoutwhentheoff-seasonstarts.

E.Forthisreason，youshouldn'tfeelashamedtoaskforbargains.

F.Planningyourmealsisanotherwaytoreduceyourtravelcosts.

G.Asatourist，avoidtakingtaxiswheneverpossible，sincetheyareexpensive.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)五、短文改錯(cuò)（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）38.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下短文．短文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處．錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改．

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在此符號(hào)下面寫出該加的詞．

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉．

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞．

注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分．

Dear

Bill，

How

time

flies!I

went

back

to

school

and

begin

my

lesson

last

month．It

will

be

ten

months

before

I

attend

the

College

Entrance

Examination，that

makes

me

worried．I

failed

pass

the

English

test

last

term

because

of

I

had

difficulty

with

it．I

will

never

give

up

and

determine

to

give

myself

the

second

chance

to

pass

them．I

will

ask

my

teachers

and

friends

for

advices

on

how

to

improve

it

and

work

out

a

detailed

plan．Besides，I'll

make

fully

use

of

time．Do

you

have

any

good

ideas？Tell

me

or

I

will

be

grateful

to

you．

I'm

looking

forward

to

hear

from

you．

Yours，

Li

Hua六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）39.為弘揚(yáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化，學(xué)生會(huì)將舉行"詩歌朗誦大賽"（Poetry

Recitation

Contest），邀請(qǐng)學(xué)校國際部學(xué)生參加．請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示寫一則通知．內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括：

1．

大賽的目的；

2．

大賽的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；

3．

朗誦內(nèi)容：唐詩宋詞（Tang

and

Song

poetry）．

注意：1．

詞數(shù)100左右；

2．

可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使內(nèi)容連貫．

______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、C、B【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句Theprizeisawardedbasedonthewife'sweightinbeer.（該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是根據(jù)妻子在啤酒中的體重頒發(fā)的。）可知，妻子的體重越重，獲得的啤酒就越多，故獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔@得很多啤酒。故選D項(xiàng)。

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989，runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.（這個(gè)節(jié)日首次出現(xiàn)于1989年，由一名當(dāng)?shù)厣倘私?jīng)營，以推動(dòng)華富里的旅游業(yè)。）可知，這個(gè)節(jié)日出現(xiàn)的目的是為了發(fā)展旅游業(yè)。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一句Althoughtheexactoriginsofthetraditionareunknownbecauseofitslonghistory,buttoday,wifecarryingispracticedaroundtheworld.（雖然由于歷史悠久，這一傳統(tǒng)的確切起源不得而知，但今天，背著妻子這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)在世界各地都有實(shí)行。）以及第二段的Thefestivalfirstoccurredin1989，runbyalocalbusinessmantodriveuptourisminLopburi.（這個(gè)節(jié)日首次出現(xiàn)于1989年，由一名當(dāng)?shù)厣倘私?jīng)營，以推動(dòng)華富里的旅游業(yè)。）以及第三段的Thefestivalisnothistoricbyanymeans—thefirstonetookplacein1998—anditwasoriginallycreatedasamarketingeventforBoryeongmudcosmetics（化妝品）.（無論如何，這個(gè)節(jié)日都不是歷史性的——第一次是在1998年——它最初是作為博榮泥化妝品的一個(gè)營銷活動(dòng)而設(shè)立的。）以及第四段的ThefestivalhasrunannuallyinAugustduringaweeklongcelebrationinBunolsince1945，whenanoisycrowdtookthetomatoesfromavegetablestallandstartedafoodfight.（自1945年以來，該節(jié)日每年8月在布諾爾舉行為期一周的慶?；顒?dòng)，當(dāng)時(shí)一群喧鬧的人從蔬菜攤上拿走了西紅柿，并開始了一場食物大戰(zhàn)。）可知，四個(gè)節(jié)日中最晚創(chuàng)辦的是泥漿節(jié)，在1998年開始的。故四個(gè)節(jié)日里最可能歷史最短的是泥漿節(jié)。故選B項(xiàng)。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上四個(gè)奇特的節(jié)日，分別是背老婆比賽節(jié)、猴子自助餐節(jié)、泥漿節(jié)以及番茄節(jié)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Fortunately，Turing

was

the

opposite

of

Hawking，and

he

absolutely

loved

school.Proof

of

this

is

the

extreme

lengths

he

would

go

just

to

get

to

class.For

example，on

one

occasion

when

there

was

a

train

strike，Turing

even

cycled

60

miles

to

attend.（幸運(yùn)的是，圖靈與霍金相反，他絕對(duì)熱愛學(xué)校。證明這一點(diǎn)的是，他為了上課會(huì)付出極大的努力。例如，有一次火車罷工，圖靈甚至騎了60英里的自行車去參加。）可知，Turing他表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的求學(xué)欲望。故選C。

（2）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的It

was

during

these

university

years

that

he

invented

the

Turing

Machine，which

is

considered

by

many

people

to

be

the

earliest

version

of

a

computer

processing

unit.（正是在大學(xué)期間，他發(fā)明了圖靈機(jī)器，許多人認(rèn)為它是計(jì)算機(jī)處理單元的最早版本。）可知，作者認(rèn)為圖靈機(jī)器在計(jì)算機(jī)史上很有影響力。故選B。

（3）D.目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段Alan

Mathison

Turing

was

born

in

England

in

1912.Like

many

talents

who

go

on

to

great

things，Turing

showed

his

incredible

intelligence

from

a

very

young

age.In

fact，by

the

time

he

was

halfway

through

primary

school，Turing's

teachers

had

already

realized

he

was

a

mathematical

genius.He

could

do

complex

calculating

in

his

head

even

though

he

had

never

been

taught

about

it.（Alan

Mathison

Turing1912年出生于英國。像許多有天賦的人一樣，圖靈在很小的時(shí)候就展示了他不可思議的智慧。事實(shí)上，在Turing上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，他的老師已經(jīng)意識(shí)到他是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)天才。他可以在腦子里做復(fù)雜的計(jì)算，盡管他從未被教過。）及第二段中的Fortunately，Turing

was

the

opposite

of

Hawking，and

he

absolutely

loved

school.（幸運(yùn)的是，Turing與Hawking相反，他絕對(duì)熱愛學(xué)校。）及最后一段中的It

was

during

these

university

years

that

he

invented

the

Turing

Machine，which

is

considered

by

many

people

to

be

the

earliest

version

of

a

computer

processing

unit.（正是在大學(xué)期間，他發(fā)明了圖靈機(jī)器，許多人認(rèn)為它是計(jì)算機(jī)處理單元的最早版本。）可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了介紹圖靈的天才、學(xué)術(shù)態(tài)度和成就。故選D。

（4）A.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Alan

Mathison

Turing的天才、學(xué)術(shù)態(tài)度和成就?？芍?，Turing的故事告訴我們：沒有熱情，就沒有偉大的成就。故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了Alan

Mathison

Turing的天才、學(xué)術(shù)態(tài)度和成就。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C【解析】（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Thegroupsaidthekoalapopulationhasdroppedtolessthan58，000thisyearfrommorethan80，000in2018.Thebiggestdecrease（減少）wasinthestateofNewSouthWales，wherethenumbershavedroppedby41percent.（該組織表示，考拉的數(shù)量已經(jīng)從2018年的8萬多只下降到今年的不到5.8萬只。降幅最大的是新南威爾士州，下降了41%。）以及Onlyoneareainthestudywasestimated（預(yù)估）tohavemorethan5，000koalas.Someareaswereestimatedtohaveasfewasfiveorten.（據(jù)估計(jì)，研究中只有一個(gè)地區(qū)的考拉數(shù)量超過5000只。一些地區(qū)估計(jì)只有5到10個(gè)。）可推斷，作者是通過列舉數(shù)據(jù)來說明考拉目前的狀況。故選A。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Tabartsaid，"Whatwe'reconcernedaboutareplaceslikewesternNewSouthWaleswherethedroughtoverthelasttenyearshasjusthadthiscumulative（積累）effect，riversystemscompletelydryforyears，andredgumplants，whicharethelifebloodofkoalas，aredead."ThelossinNewSouthWaleslikelyspedupafterlargeforestareasweredestroyedbywildfiresinlate2019andearly2020.Butsomeofthoseareasalreadyhadnokoalas.（塔巴特說："我們擔(dān)心的是像新南威爾士西部這樣的地方，過去10年的干旱已經(jīng)累積了這種影響，河流系統(tǒng)多年來完全干涸，樹袋熊的命脈紅膠植物已經(jīng)死亡。"在2019年底和2020年初大片森林被大火摧毀后，新南威爾士州的損失可能加快。但其中一些地區(qū)已經(jīng)沒有考拉了。）可推斷，從第三段我們知道考拉數(shù)量減少的一些原因。故選D。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Tabartsaidthecountryneedsakoalaprotectionlaw.（塔巴特表示，該國需要一部考拉保護(hù)法。）可知，為了保護(hù)考拉，塔巴特主要提出了制定特別法律。故選B。

（4）C.標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段TheAustralianKoalaFoundationsaysAustraliahaslostabout30percentofitskoalasoverthepastthreeyears.（澳大利亞考拉基金會(huì)表示，在過去的三年里，澳大利亞已經(jīng)失去了大約30%的考拉。）及全文可知，文章主要介紹澳大利亞是考拉的故鄉(xiāng)，但是這三年來，考拉的數(shù)量急劇下降，它們的命運(yùn)讓人擔(dān)憂。有關(guān)組織呼吁政府盡快采取措施來保護(hù)考拉。所以C.Australia

Lost

One-Third

of

Its

Koalas

in

Last

Three

Years.（澳大利亞在過去三年中失去了三分之一的考拉。）作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。

本文是一篇健康環(huán)保類閱讀，主要講述的是澳大利亞是考拉的故鄉(xiāng)，但是這三年來，考拉的數(shù)量急劇下降，它們的命運(yùn)讓人擔(dān)憂。有關(guān)組織呼吁政府盡快采取措施來保護(hù)考拉。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)填寫出正確答案。

12~15.【答案】B、D、A、C【解析】（1

）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段中的"To

start

with，

if

we'd

want

to

be

living

on

it，

we

should

find

a

good

place

in

space

to

put

the

new

planet．首先，如果我們想生活在上面，我們應(yīng)該在太空中找到一個(gè)好地方來放置這個(gè)新行星．

"可知所以如果我們想創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的星球

，我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事

是找到一個(gè)合適的地方來安置這個(gè)星球．故選B．

（2

）D．代詞指代題．根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"

If

we

made

our

own

new

planet，

we'd

probably

want

itto

have

similar

elements

and

a

similar

structure．如果我們創(chuàng)造了自己的新行星，我們可能希望它有相似的元素和相似的結(jié)構(gòu)．"所以通過上下文語境可以判讀出，劃線的"it"一詞指的是our

own

new

planet．故選D．

（3

）A．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"According

to

NASA，

each

astronaut

uses

about

0.83

kilograms

of

food

per

meal，

including

0.12

kilograms

of

packaging

material．

根據(jù)美國宇航局的數(shù)據(jù)，每位宇航員每頓飯使用的食物約為0.83公斤，其中包括0.12公斤的包裝材料．"所以一個(gè)宇航員實(shí)際上每頓飯吃掉的食物為：

0.83千克-0.12千克=0.71千克．故選A．

（4）C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段中的"

In

reality，

creating

a

new

planet

would

probably

require

a

very

modern

technology

and

there

would

be

tons

of

other

things

to

think

about．

And

if

this

is

even

possible，

it

likely

won't

happen

for

a

very

long

time．事實(shí)上，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的星球可能需要非?，F(xiàn)代的技術(shù)，還有很多其他的事情要考慮，如果這是可能的，很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi)都不會(huì)發(fā)生．"可知，作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新星球在不遠(yuǎn)的將來是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的．故選C．

本文是一篇說明文，介紹了創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新的、

合適的星球需要具備哪些因素．

閱讀理解考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

16~35.【答案】C、A、A、B、D、D、C、B、B、C、A、D、C、A、B、D、C、D、A、B【解析】（1）考查名詞及語境理解。A.ambition野心；B.dream夢想；C.job工作；D.success成功。根據(jù)"wastostudybacteriainalab"可知，此處是指他的工作。故選C。

（2）考查副詞及語境理解。A.closely仔細(xì)地；B.quickly快速地；C.simply簡單地；D.gently溫柔地。根據(jù)"hesawsomething"可知，此處是指當(dāng)他仔細(xì)觀察時(shí)。故選A。

（3）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.unusual不尋常的；B.disappointing令人失望的；C.formal正式的；D.alarming令人擔(dān)憂的。根據(jù)后文"buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold（但它們并沒有生長在有霉菌的地方）"可知，此處是指他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些不尋常的東西。故選A。

（4）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.producing生產(chǎn)；B.growing生長；C.posting公布；D.sharing分享。根據(jù)"buttheyweren'tgrowingonthespotsthathadmold"可知，此處是指他研究的細(xì)菌也在整個(gè)培養(yǎng)皿中生長。故選B。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.demanded要求；B.confirmed證實(shí)；C.judged判斷；D.wondered想知道。根據(jù)"whetherthebacteriaweredrivenawaybythemold"可知，此處是指想知道細(xì)菌是否被霉菌趕走了。故選D。

（6）考查名詞及語境理解。A.organization組織；B.species物種；C.tissue紙巾；D.type類型，種類。根據(jù)"themold"和"calledPenicillin"可知，此處是指這種霉菌是一種叫做盤尼西林的霉菌。故選D。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.research調(diào)查；B.split分裂；C.fight對(duì)抗；D.cross超過。根據(jù)infections可知，此處是指對(duì)抗感染的藥物。故選C。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.named命名；C.listed列舉；D.recorded記錄。根據(jù)"it"moldjuice""可知，此處是指命名為"霉菌汁"。故選B。

（9）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.seized抓??；B.changed改變；C.added添加；D.gave給。根據(jù)上文"moldjuice"和"thenameto"penicillin""可知，此處是指把它的名字改成了"盤尼西林"。故選B。

（10）考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.setoff出發(fā)；B.camedown下降；C.steppedin介入；D.gotback返回。根據(jù)"tohelp"可知，此處是指牛津大學(xué)的一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)介入幫助。故選C。

（11）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.developed開發(fā)；B.updated更新；C.combined結(jié)合；D.identified識(shí)別。根據(jù)further可知，此處是指進(jìn)一步開發(fā)了盤尼西林。故選A。

（12）考查名詞及語境理解。A.operation手術(shù)；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.memory記憶；D.infection感染。根據(jù)后文"Theinfectioncameback（感染又回來了）"可知，此處是指患有嚴(yán)重的感染。故選D。

（13）考查名詞及語境理解。A.strategies策略；B.collections收集；C.treatments治療；D.services服務(wù)。根據(jù)"withpenicillin"可知，此處是指經(jīng)過幾次盤尼西林治療。故選C。

（14）考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.ranoutof用完；B.triedout試用；C.calledfor呼吁；D.brokeawayfrom擺脫。根據(jù)"Theinfectioncameback"可知，此處是指藥用完了。故選A。

（15）考查副詞及語境理解。A.especially尤其；B.unfortunately不幸地；C.possibly可能地；D.commonly普遍地。根據(jù)"Alexanderpassedaway"可知，此處是指亞歷山大不幸去世了。故選B。

（16）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.test測試；B.replace代替；C.invent發(fā)明；D.make制造。根據(jù)"moreofit"可知，此處是指多制造盤尼西林。故選D。

（17）考查副詞及語境理解。A.further更進(jìn)一步地；B.earlier更早地；C.faster更快地；D.better更好地。根據(jù)前文"Theyjustneededtomakemoreofit."可知，此處是指他們找到了讓霉菌更快生長的方法。故選C。

（18）考查形容詞及語境理解。A.popular流行的；B.active活躍的；C.remarkable引人注目的；D.deadly致命的。根據(jù)"atwarasenemyforceswere"可知，此處是指疾病對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭中的士兵來說就像敵軍一樣致命。故選D。

（19）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.caused導(dǎo)致；B.answered回答；C.obtained獲得；D.damaged破壞。根據(jù)"18%ofAmericansoldierstodie"可知，此處是指僅細(xì)菌性肺炎就導(dǎo)致18%的美國士兵死亡。故選A。

（20）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.expanded擴(kuò)大；B.dropped下降；C.remained剩余；D.controlled控制。根據(jù)"tolessthanonepercent"可知，此處是指這一比例在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中降到了不到1%。故選B。

這篇短文主要講述了亞歷山大?弗萊明在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種名為青霉素的霉菌，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為世界上第一種抗生素。他與霍華德?弗洛里、恩斯特?錢和諾曼?希特利一起進(jìn)一步研究了青霉素。第一個(gè)接受新藥治療的患者是阿爾伯特?亞歷山大，他感覺好多了，但感染又復(fù)發(fā)了。然而，醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素可以對(duì)抗細(xì)菌，他們只需要生產(chǎn)更多。弗洛里和錢飛往美國，找到了種植霉菌的方法。從1942年開始，青霉素被用于治療二戰(zhàn)士兵。青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)改變了醫(yī)學(xué)界，現(xiàn)在抗生素被用來治療許多疾病。

做完形填空題之前，必須先瀏覽全文，了解短文的大意，這是非常重要的一個(gè)步驟。通過短文所提供的信息，借助語感及相關(guān)知識(shí)的推斷，可以從整體上把握短文的輪廓。在通讀全文，了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上，便可著手答題。根據(jù)習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配，并從上下文中找關(guān)鍵性暗示，注意前后對(duì)照，逐句精讀，逐題分析選項(xiàng)。所有的答案選出之后，應(yīng)再次通讀全文，對(duì)所選的答案進(jìn)行核實(shí)調(diào)整。

36.【答案】【小題1】wasawarded【小題2】founded【小題3】failure（s）【小題4】who/that【小題5】highest【小題6】as【小題7】tohelp【小題8】themselves【小題9】an【小題10】effectively【解析】（1）考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：2020年，世界糧食計(jì)劃署被授予諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)，以表彰它為戰(zhàn)勝饑餓所作的努力。主語theNobelPeacePrize是專有名詞，與動(dòng)詞award之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In2020可知，要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wasawarded。

（2）考查過去分詞。句意：世界糧食計(jì)劃署成立于1961年，是聯(lián)合國最大的糧食援助機(jī)構(gòu)。本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，（found）in1961在句子中作定語，found是非謂語動(dòng)詞，與被修飾詞TheWFP之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成的動(dòng)作。故填founded。

（3）考查名詞。句意：在緊急情況下，它通常是第一個(gè)到達(dá)現(xiàn)場，向戰(zhàn)爭、國內(nèi)沖突、地震和自然災(zāi)害造成的農(nóng)作物歉收的受害者提供糧食援助。此處與wars，civilconflicts，earthquakes并列作介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)用所給詞的名詞形式failure，在本句中的意思是"歉收"，既可用作可數(shù)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞。故填failure（s）。

（4）考查定語從句。句意：2019年，聯(lián)合國幫助了88個(gè)國家的9700萬嚴(yán)重糧食不安全和饑餓的受害者，這是自2012年以來的最高數(shù)字。先行詞people在定語從句中作主語，指人，用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填who/that。

（5）考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：：2019年，聯(lián)合國幫助了88個(gè)國家的9700萬嚴(yán)重糧食不安全和饑餓的受害者，這是自2012年以來的最高數(shù)字。根據(jù)句意和定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)修飾名詞number。故填highest。

（6）考查介詞。句意：2015年，結(jié)束饑餓被采納為聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)之一。beadoptedas"被采納為"，是固定短語。故填as。

（7）考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：它努力幫助那些不能為自己和家人生產(chǎn)或獲得足夠食物的人。此處表目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tohelp。

（8）考查反身代詞。句意：它努力幫助那些不能為自己和家人生產(chǎn)或獲得足夠食物的人。定語從句中關(guān)系代詞who指代先行詞people作主語，此處作介詞for的賓語，與主語指同一人，應(yīng)用反身代詞作賓語。故填themselves。

（9）考查不定冠詞。句意：世界糧食計(jì)劃署在為世界和平戰(zhàn)勝饑餓方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。role指"角色"是可數(shù)名詞，修飾詞important是發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞，前面需加不定冠詞an，playanimportantrolein"在……中扮演重