常用英語語法術(shù)語表高中英語競賽課件

常用英語語法術(shù)語及英語專業(yè)四級語法題常見術(shù)語常用英語語法術(shù)語語法grammar句法syntax詞法morphology結(jié)構(gòu)structure層次rank句子sentence從句clause詞組phrase詞類partofspeech單詞word實詞notionalword虛詞structuralword感嘆詞exclamation形容詞adjective名詞具體名詞concretenoun物質(zhì)名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun個體名詞individualnoun介詞preposition連詞conjunction副詞副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbofdegree時間副詞adverboftime地點副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連接性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interrogativeadverb關(guān)系副詞relativeadverb動詞動詞verb主動詞mainverb及物動詞transitiveverb不及物動詞intransitiveverb系動詞linkverb助動詞auxiliaryverb情態(tài)動詞modalverb規(guī)則動詞regularverb不規(guī)則動詞irregularverb短語動詞phrasalverb限定動詞finiteverb非限定動詞infiniteverb使役動詞causativeverb感官動詞verbofsenses動態(tài)動詞eventverb靜態(tài)動詞stateverb代詞代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun相互代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關(guān)系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinitepronoun名詞性物主代詞nominalpossessivepronoun形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠詞冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數(shù)詞數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral分數(shù)詞fractionalnumeral形式形式form單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform限定動詞finiteverbform非限定動詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句從句clause從屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名詞從句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause同位語從句appositiveclause時間狀語從句adverbialcluseoftime地點狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner讓步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession從句原因狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結(jié)果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語從句adverbialclauseofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真實條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄條件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯綜條件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子一般疑問句generalquestion特殊疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附加疑問句tagquestion反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion感嘆疑問句exclamatoryquestion基本句型存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句Imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感嘆句exclamatorysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern句子成分句法關(guān)系句法關(guān)系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate從屬subordination

修飾modification前置修飾pre-modification后置修飾post-modification限制restriction雙重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction數(shù)數(shù)number單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform規(guī)則形式regularform不規(guī)則形式irregularform格性人稱人稱person第一人稱firstperson第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時態(tài)時態(tài)tense過去將來時pastfuturetense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense過去將來完成時pastfutureperfecttense一般現(xiàn)在時presentsimpletense一般過去時pastsimpletense一般將來時futuresimpletense現(xiàn)在完成時pastperfecttense過去完成時presentperfecttense將未完成時futureperfecttense現(xiàn)在進行時presentcontinuoustense過去進行時pastcontinuoustense將來進行時futurecontinuoustense過去將來進行時pastfuturecontinuoustense現(xiàn)在完成進行時presentperfectcontinuoustense過去完成進行時pastperfectcontinuoustense語態(tài)語態(tài)voice主動語態(tài)activevoice被動語態(tài)passivevoice語序語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion全部倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeech間接引語indirectspeech自由直接引語freedirectspeech自由間接引語freeindirectspeech語音語音pronunciation語調(diào)tone升調(diào)risingtone降調(diào)fallingtone降升調(diào)falling-risingtone語氣語氣mood陳述語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛擬語氣subjunctivemood一致一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity強調(diào)emphasis重復(fù)repetition否定否定negation否定范圍scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation轉(zhuǎn)移否定shiftofnegation文體文體style正式文體formal非正式文體informal口語spoken／oralEnglish套語formulisticexpression英國英語BritishEnglish美國英語AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩英語專業(yè)四級語法題常見術(shù)語Aabbreviation縮寫absolute獨立成分accent口音accidence詞性變化adjective形容詞adnominal定語adverb(ial)副詞affix(ation)詞綴agreement一致apposition(al)同位語的artical冠詞attribution定語auxiliary助動詞Bbar杠eg.singular-bar單杠double-bar雙杠bilingual雙語的blocklanguage塊語

eg.oneway單行道Ccontrast對比corpus語料correspond對應(yīng)counter-example反例criteria標準Ddemotion降級determiner限定詞diagramming圖解directobject/DO直接賓語Eelement成分embed嵌套expression詞語，表達Ffeature特征friction摩擦futuretense將來時Ggeneral一般的，普遍的genitive屬格

genre語體given已知信息Hhabitual慣常體ideational概念idiom(atic)成語（的）imperative祈使式indirectobject間接賓語interpretive解釋性的interrogative疑問式intonation語調(diào)intrinsic內(nèi)在的intuition直覺，語感inversion倒置Llexis詞匯loan外來語Nneutral中性的non-restrictive非限制的noun名詞-phrase名詞組null空，零Oobject賓語obligatory強制性的optional非強制的ordinal序數(shù)詞Ppartofspeech詞類passive被動的perfect完成時phonetic語音的phrasalverb短語動詞phrase短語plane平面的pastperfecttense過去完成時possessivepronoun領(lǐng)屬代詞post-后置的predicate謂語prepose前置preposition介詞process加工progressive進行時pronoun代詞proper專有【名詞】Qquotative引用語Rrate語速r-colouring帶r音色recessive隱退的reciprocal互相的root詞根Sserialverb連動式e.g.I’llgosee.setting定式shift轉(zhuǎn)變singular單數(shù)slash斜杠slipofthetongue口誤stem