北京市昌平區(qū)高三二模英語試卷

昌平區(qū)2023年高三年級第二次統(tǒng)一練習英語試卷筆試部分本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡卦诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。“Deardepartment,IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorn(獨角獸)inmybackyardifIcanfindone.Pleasesendmealetterinresponse.”Inmid-November,Joycewrotealettertothelocaldepartmentofanimalcareandcontrolwitha(n)___1___request.DirectorAnnabelleBradshawwrotebackafewweekslaterwithgoodnews.Shesaidthedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicornsundercertain___2___.Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shorn(角)atleastonceamonth,givingit___3___accesstosunlight,moonlightandrainbows,andfeedingitwatermelonsatleastonceaweek.___4___thatJoycewouldmeetalltherequirements,Bradshawsenthera“preapprovedunicornlicense”forherfuturepet.“Itisalways___5___tohearfromyoungpeoplewhoconsiderprovidingalovinghometoanimals.”Bradshawwrote.Shedealswithalotof“emotionallyexhausting”issuesonthejob.SoJoyce’sletterhas___6___brightenedherspirits.Thefirst-graderalso___7___herforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtofigureouthowtogoaboutthat.Joyce’smotherdidn’twantto___8___herwhensheaskedforaunicornatfirst,soadviseditmightcomedowntogettingapproval.Joyceagreedandshe___9___andanhourlatershecamebackandsaid,“Willyouhelpme____10____this?”Whiletheletterwasreceivedandrepliedtoinamatterofweeks,Joycethoughtthelicensewouldbeaperfectpresentforherbirthdaythismonth.1.A.special B.urgent C.reasonable D.silly2.A.structures B.conditions C.systems D.programs3.A.regular B.similar C.fair D.instant4.A.Upset B.Concerned C.Confident D.Surprised5.A.useful B.rewarding C.necessary D.important6.A.normally B.gradually C.greatly D.carefully7.A.impressed B.admired C.amused D.challenged8.A.comfort B.punish C.excuse D.discourage9.A.gaveup B.fellover C.stoodout D.marchedoff10.A.test B.mail C.record D.download【答案】1.A2.B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了11歲的喬伊斯寫信給當?shù)貏游锉Ｗo和控制部門寫了一封信，提出了一個希望獲得養(yǎng)獨角獸的批準。【1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：11月中旬，喬伊斯給當?shù)貏游锉Ｗo和控制部門寫了一封信，提出了一個特殊的要求。A.special特殊的；B.urgent緊急的；C.reasonable合理的；D.silly愚蠢的。根據(jù)上文“IwouldlikeyourapprovalifIcanhaveaunicorninmybackyardifIcanfindone.(如果我能在后院養(yǎng)一只獨角獸，我希望你能同意如果我能找到的話)”可知喬伊斯提出了特殊的要求，想要養(yǎng)獨角獸。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她說，在某些條件下，該部門確實會給養(yǎng)獨角獸發(fā)放許可證。A.structures結(jié)構(gòu)；B.conditions條件；C.systems系統(tǒng)；D.programs項目。根據(jù)上文“Shesaidthedepartmentdoesinfactlicenseunicornsundercertain”指在某些條件下，該部門確實會給養(yǎng)獨角獸發(fā)放許可證。故選B。【3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些措施包括每月至少擦拭一次獨角獸的角，定期讓它接觸陽光、月光和彩虹，每周至少喂它一次西瓜。A.regular定期的；B.similar相似的；C.fair公平的；D.instant立即的。根據(jù)上文“Thoseincludepolishingtheunicorn’shornatleastonceamonth”可知，此處是在介紹獨角獸的日常養(yǎng)護，即每月至少擦拭一次獨角獸的角，定期讓它接觸陽光、月光和彩虹，故選A。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：布拉德肖相信喬伊斯能滿足所有要求，于是給她寄了一張“預先批準的獨角獸執(zhí)照”。A.Upset沮喪的；B.Concerned擔憂的；C.Confident自信的、確信的；D.Surprised驚訝的。根據(jù)后文“thatJoycewouldmeetalltherequirements,Bradshawsenthera“preapprovedunicornlicense”forherfuturepet.”可知，布拉德肖相信喬伊斯能滿足所有要求，于是給她寄了一張“預先批準的獨角獸執(zhí)照”。故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“聽到年輕人考慮為動物提供一個充滿愛的家，總是很有意義的?！辈祭滦懙?。A.useful有用的；B.rewarding有意義的；C.necessary必要的；D.important重要的。根據(jù)后文“tohearfromyoungpeoplewhoconsiderprovidingalovinghometoanimals”可知，年輕人考慮為動物提供一個充滿愛的家，總是很有意義的。故選B?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以喬伊斯的信使她的精神大為振奮。A.normally正常地；B.gradually逐漸地；C.greatly非常；D.carefully仔細地。根據(jù)后文“brightenedherspirits”可知，喬伊斯的信使布拉德肖的精神大為振奮。故選C。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個一年級的學生也給她留下了深刻的印象，因為她一開始就想要征得她的同意，并做了調(diào)查來弄清楚如何做到這一點。A.impressed使印象深刻；B.admired欽佩；C.amused逗樂；D.challenged挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“herforwantingtoaskpermissioninthefirstplace,anddoingherresearchtofigureouthowtogoaboutthat”可知，喬伊斯為了養(yǎng)獨角獸做了很多工作，給布拉德肖留下了深刻的印象，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：喬伊斯一開始要求養(yǎng)獨角獸時，她的母親不想讓她氣餒，所以建議她先得到批準。A.comfort安慰；B.punish懲罰；C.excuse原諒；D.discourage使氣餒。根據(jù)后文“herwhensheaskedforaunicornatfirst,soadviseditmightcomedowntogettingapproval”可知，她的母親不想讓她氣餒，所以建議她先得到批準。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：喬伊斯同意了，然后走開了。A.gaveup放棄；B.fellover摔倒；C.stoodout突出；D.marchedoff離去、出發(fā)。根據(jù)后文“andanhourlatershecamebackandsaid,“Willyouhelpmemailthis?””可知，喬伊斯暫時走開去寫信了，故選D。【10題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個小時后，她回來說：“你能幫我寄這封信嗎？”A.test測試；B.mail郵寄；C.record記錄；D.download下載。根據(jù)后文“Whiletheletterwasreceived”可知，喬伊斯寫了信，讓媽媽郵寄。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Becauseofthechangesthatoccurredovertea’sextremelylonghistory,thetea-makingprocess____11____(become)verycomplicatedanddiversetoday.Tofollowtheratherstrictsteps____12____mayincludedozensofsmallersteps,generallyspeaking,ittakesabouthalfamonthtocompletethe____13____(begin)processessuchasteapicking,selectinganddrying.Inordertoreachthehigheststandard,ittakesatleastawholemonthonlytodrytheteaasdryasitcanget.Soittakesseveralmonthsalone____14____goodteaproductsarereadyforconsumers.【答案】11.hasbecome12.which##that13.beginning14.before【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。由于茶在極其漫長的歷史中發(fā)生了變化，今天的制茶過程變得非常復雜和多樣化。要遵循相當嚴格的步驟，可能包括幾十個小步驟，一般來說，需要大約半個月的時間來完成采摘，選擇和干燥等最初的過程。為了達到最高標準，至少要花整整一個月的時間才能把茶弄干。因此，好的茶葉產(chǎn)品要為消費者準備好就需要幾個月的時間?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：由于茶在極其漫長的歷史中發(fā)生了變化，今天的制茶過程變得非常復雜和多樣化。此處過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語為thetea-makingprocess，助動詞用has。故填hasbecome。【12題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：要遵循相當嚴格的步驟，可能包括幾十個小步驟，一般來說，需要大約半個月的時間來完成采摘，選擇和干燥等最初的過程。定語從句修飾先行詞steps，在從句作主語，指物，故填which/that。【13題詳解】考查名詞。句意：要遵循相當嚴格的步驟，可能包括幾十個小步驟，一般來說，需要大約半個月的時間來完成采摘，選擇和干燥等最初的過程。作定語修飾名詞processes，應用beginning。故填beginning?！?4題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：因此，好的茶葉產(chǎn)品要為消費者準備好就需要幾個月的時間。此處為ittakes+一段時間+before，表示“過多久才……”。故填before。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Toremaincompetitivethroughouttheircareers,studentsneedtolearnhowtouseanAIwritingtooltomakeworthwhileoutput____15____knowhowtoevaluateitsquality,accuracyandoriginality.Theyneedtolearntocomposewell-organizedessaysinvolvingamixofAI-generatedtextand____16____(tradition)writing.Whenworkingintothe2060sandbeyond,professionals____17____(learn)howtoengageproductivelywithAIsystems,usingthemtoenhancehumancreativity.【答案】15.and16.traditional17.willlearn【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。為了在整個職業(yè)生涯中保持競爭力，學生們需要學習如何使用人工智能寫作工具做出有價值的產(chǎn)出，并知道如何評估其質(zhì)量、準確性和獨創(chuàng)性。他們需要學習撰寫組織良好的文章，包括人工智能生成的文本和傳統(tǒng)寫作的結(jié)合。在20世紀60年代及以后的工作中，專業(yè)人士將學習如何有效地使用人工智能系統(tǒng)，利用它們來增強人類的創(chuàng)造力?！?5題詳解】考查連詞。句意：為了在整個職業(yè)生涯中保持競爭力，學生們需要學習如何使用人工智能寫作工具做出有價值的產(chǎn)出，并知道如何評估其質(zhì)量、準確性和獨創(chuàng)性。此處前后文為并列關(guān)系，應用連詞and。故填and。【16題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們需要學習撰寫組織良好的文章，包括人工智能生成的文本和傳統(tǒng)寫作的結(jié)合。修飾名詞writing應用形容詞traditional，作定語。故填traditional?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：在20世紀60年代及以后的工作中，專業(yè)人士將學習如何有效地使用人工智能系統(tǒng)，利用它們來增強人類的創(chuàng)造力。根據(jù)上文Whenworkingintothe2060sandbeyond可知為一般將來時。故填willlearn。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mynewbookcelebratesthepowerofmathematicalthinkingtogetyoutoyourgoal____18____(success)withouthoursoflabour.It’syourshortcutthatmathematicians____19____mehavecomeupwithtoyourdestination.Ofcourse,whileI____20____(produce)ThinkingBetter:Theartoftheshortcut,Ireadagoodfewbooks.Here’salistofthosethatwerethemostinfluentialinmyjourneytofindthesmartestwaysofthinking.【答案】18.successfully19.like20.wasproducing【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者的新書?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：我的新書頌揚了數(shù)學思維的力量，它能讓你不花幾個小時就成功地達到目標。修飾動詞get應用副詞successfully，故填successfully?！?9題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這是像我這樣的數(shù)學家想出來的通往目的地的捷徑。后跟me作賓語，表示“像”應用like。故填like。【20題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：當然，當我在寫《思考得更好：捷徑的藝術(shù)》的時候，我讀了不少書。此處從句表示動作正在進行，且發(fā)生在過去，用過去進行時，主語為I，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wasproducing。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AEveryeventherefeaturesanotedscientistwhodiscussesadifferentcosmic(宇宙的)topic.TheywillbepresentedwithalivestreamtoourScienceWorldofficialwebsiteandquestionscanbeaskedinthewebsitechat.BlackHoles7:30PM-8:30PM,May.19,2023Description:Mostgalaxies(星系)haveasupermassiveblackholeattheircenter.Theseblackholeshelpdeterminehowgalaxieswilldevelopovertime.JoinDr.AnselNetscherforanoutlineofblackholes.Youcanalsoexplorehowsupermassiveblackholesmaydecidethedevelopmentofgalaxies.TheWebbImagery8:00PM-9:30PM,May.28,2023Description:Theamazingvisionshaveattractedtheworld.Butthere’salongandinvolvedprocessbywhichscientists’black-and-whiteobservationaldataistransformedintodynamiccolorimageryforthepublic.JoinimagespecialistRalphWilsonashediscussestheartandscienceoftranslatinginfraredlight.HuntforDistantWorlds7:00PM-8:00PM,Jun.3,2023Description:SincethediscoveryofthefirstplanetorbitingaSun-likestarin1995,morethan4,000exoplanetshavebeenfound.ThesewidespreadplanetsystemsconfirmthatoursolarsystemisjustoneofmanyinourMilkyWaygalaxy.Thediscoveryofsuchsystemshasprovidedinterestinginsights,challengingourviewsabouthowplanetsystemsformanddevelop.JoinDr.AmandaGarciaasshedescribesthescientifichuntforthesedistantworlds.MarsandBeyond10:00AM-11:30AM,Jun.4,2023Description:WillweeverreachMars?Andwhatwillittaketotraveltootherstars?Dr.CamilleLopezwillmeetthesequestionswithaspeechofwhatwecanexpectinthenext30years.It’sbasedonwhatispracticalandreasonablewhenweconsiderthebiological,economic,andphilosophicalconcernsthatconnectwiththeengineeringchallengesofspacehabitationandexploration.21.Interestedinthedevelopmentofplanetorstarsystem,youcanchoose________.①BlackHoles②TheWebbImagery③HuntforDistantWorlds④MarsandBeyondA.①④ B.②④ C.①③ D.②③22.WhatwillyoulearnfromMarsandBeyond?A.Prospectofspacetravel. B.Applicationofarttoscience.CTheoriginandfutureofMars. D.Detailedplanofspacehabitation.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ATopublicizeonlinepubliclectures.B.Tocompareeventsofstudyingscience.C.Tostresstheimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Toexpandpeople’sknowledgeaboutuniverse.【答案】21.C22.A23.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個網(wǎng)上講座的情況?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BlackHoles部分中“Theseblackholeshelpdeterminehowgalaxieswilldevelopovertime.(這些黑洞有助于確定星系如何隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展)”以及HuntforDistantWorlds部分中“Thediscoveryofsuchsystemshasprovidedinterestinginsights,challengingourviewsabouthowplanetsystemsformanddevelop.(這些系統(tǒng)的發(fā)現(xiàn)提供了有趣的見解，挑戰(zhàn)了我們關(guān)于行星系統(tǒng)如何形成和發(fā)展的觀點)”可知，對行星或恒星系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展感興趣，可以選擇BlackHoles和HuntforDistantWorlds。故選C。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分“Description:WillweeverreachMars?Andwhatwillittaketotraveltootherstars?Dr.CamilleLopezwillmeetthesequestionswithaspeechofwhatwecanexpectinthenext30years.(我們會到達火星嗎？去其他星球旅行需要什么？卡米爾·洛佩斯博士將在演講中回答這些問題，講述我們對未來30年的期望)”可知，可以從MarsandBeyond了解到太空旅行的前景。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyeventherefeaturesanotedscientistwhodiscussesadifferentcosmic(宇宙的)topic.TheywillbepresentedwithalivestreamtoourScienceWorldofficialwebsiteandquestionscanbeaskedinthewebsitechat.(這里的每個活動都有一位著名的科學家來討論不同的宇宙主題。他們將在我們的科學世界官方網(wǎng)站上進行直播，并可以在網(wǎng)站聊天中提出問題)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了四個網(wǎng)上講座的情況?？赏浦?，文章的主要目的是宣傳網(wǎng)上公開講座。故選A。BEverwonderwhathappenstospacecraftaftertheygetlaunchedtospace?Well,thatiswheremyjobasaninstrumentoperationsengineercomesin.Myjobconsistsofplanning,generating,andoperatingscientificinstrumentsin-flight.IamgratefulforhavingworkedonmissionsatSaturn,theMoon,andourownplanetEarth.WhenIwasahigh-schooler,IwasunsureofwhatcollegeIwantedtoattend,orwhatmajorIwantedtochoose.AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.Thepassionatestudentsandboundlessopportunitiesdevelopedafeelingofbelonginginmethatledmetoapplyandeventuallygetaccepted.ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.Whenpeoplethinkofthespaceindustry,theypicturetheouterreachesofoursolarsystem.Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.ThehighlightofmycareerhasbeenwitnessingtheendoftheCassinimissiontoSaturn.SomeofthepeopleontheteamhadbeenworkingonthemissionforlongerthanIhadbeenalive,buttheystilltreatedmeasoneoftheirown.Iwasgiventheopportunitytooperatethecamerasthatwouldcatchbreathtakingimagesoftheplanet.AndwhentheCassinispacecrafthadrunoutoffuel,Iquicklylearnedthatitwasnotjusttheendofthemission,buttheendofateam.ThenightwewatchedwithbittersweetlongingasitssignalfadedtonothingissomethingthatIwillalwayskeepinmymemories.AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.Myfriendsoftenaskwhyagirlcouldachieveallthese.Ialwaysgrewupabigfanoffiction.IreadtheHarryPotterbooksandlovedanythingfantasy.Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.24.WhydidtheauthorapplytoMIT?A.ThemajorsinMITinterestedher. B.HermotherurgedhertogotoMIT.C.Shesetthisgoalasahigh-schooler. D.AsummerprogrammadeherloveMIT.25.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutheroccupation?A.It’seasytopredictwhatshedoes. B.It’shardforagirltohavesuchacareer.C.Sheisannoyedbybeingmisunderstood. D.Sheisproudtoworkforhumanwell-being.26.WhatdoestheauthorvaluemostintheCassinimission?A.Itshistoriccontributions. B.Theteamitbroughttogether.C.Breathtakingimagesoftheplanet. D.Theopportunitytooperatethecameras.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C.Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Timelostcannotbewonagain.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者是一名工程師，工作包括規(guī)劃、制作和操作飛行中的科學儀器。作者認為自己從事有益于人類的項目，感到感激和滿足?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AfterreceivinganemailfromacollegecalledMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),Idecidedtoapplytoasummerprogramtheywereofferingwiththeencouragementofmymom.Afterparticipatinginthatprogram,IknewthatMITwastherightuniversityforme.(在收到一封來自麻省理工學院的電子郵件后，在我媽媽的鼓勵下，我決定申請他們提供的暑期項目。在參加了這個項目之后，我知道MIT是適合我的大學)”可知，作者申請麻省理工學院是因為一個暑期項目使她愛上了麻省理工學院。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThemostexcitingandfulfillingpartofbeinganengineeristhatIamabletoworkonprojectsthatbenefithumanity.(作為一名工程師，最令人興奮和滿足的部分是我能夠從事有益于人類的項目)”以及“Whattheymaynotimagineisthegreatbodyofworkbeingdonetostudyourownhome-Earth.Iamthankfultohaveacareerthatallowsmetocommitmyselftothatresponsibility.(他們可能無法想象的是，研究我們自己的家園地球的大量工作正在進行。我很感激有這樣一份工作，能讓我承擔起這樣的責任)”可知，作者因自己為人類福祉而工作而自豪。故選D?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“AndwhileCassiniwillberememberedforitshistoriccontributions,whatIwillrememberitforistheteamitbroughttogether.(雖然卡西尼號將因其歷史性貢獻而被銘記，但我將銘記的是它所凝聚的團隊)”可知，在卡西尼號任務中，作者最看重的是它所凝聚的團隊。故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Irealizedthatacommonthemeofherostoriesisthattheheromustalwaysmakeachoicetostarttheiradventure.Ifyoudon’tpickuptheswordinyourownstorybecauseyouareafraidofwhatmayhappennext,yourisknothavingastoryatall.(我意識到英雄故事的一個共同主題是，英雄必須總是做出選擇，開始他們的冒險。如果你在自己的故事中因為害怕接下來可能發(fā)生的事情而不拿起劍，你就有可能根本沒有故事)”可知，我們能從這個故事中學到“勇者無懼”的道理。故選B。CHaveyoueverbeenindecisiveinthedecisionofwhatcolorcaryoulike?LastNovember,amagazinewithgreatinfluencerevealeditsannuallistoftheBestInventions,whicharechanginghowwelive,work,play,andthinkaboutwhat’spossible.Oneoftheseinventionswasthe“colorchangingcar”.Atthe2022ConsumerElectronicsShow,afamouscarcompanyshowcasedaconceptcarthatcanchangecolors.Thesurfacecoatingofthiscarfeaturese-inkthatismostwell-knownfromthedisplaysofe-readers.Itcontainsmanymillionsofmicro-capsules,eachofwhichcontainsnegativelychargedwhitepigments(顏料)andpositivelychargedblackpigments.Dependingonthechosensetting,stimulationbymeansofanelectricalfieldcauseseitherthewhiteortheblackpigmentstocollectatthesurfaceofthemicro-capsule,givingthecarbodythedesiredshade.Thecolorchosenforacarisanexpressionofthedriver’spersonalities.Itoffersacompletelynewwayofchangingthevehicle’sappearanceinlinewiththedriver’spreferences,theenvironmentalconditionsorevenfunctionalrequirements.Avariableexteriorcolorcancontributetoenergysavingandwellnessintheinterior.Thisisdonebytakingintoaccountthedifferentabilitiesoflightanddarkcolorswhenitcomestoreflectingsunlightandtheassociatedabsorptionofthermalenergy.Heatingofthevehicleasaresultofstrongsunlightandhighoutsidetemperaturescanbereducedbychangingtheexteriortoalightcolor.Incoolerweather,adarkouterskinwillhelpthevehicletoabsorbnoticeablymorewarmthfromthesun.Thiswouldreducetheamountofenergythevehicleelectricalsystemneeds,loweringthefuelorelectricityconsumption.Intheinterior,thetechnologycould,forexample,preventthedashboardfromheatinguptoomuch.Inelectriccars,changingthecolorwiththeweatherwouldthusincreasetherangeofthecar.Consideringtherecentpushforelectricvehicles,thiscolorchangingtechnologycouldbeagame-changer.“Digitalexperienceswon’tjustbelimitedtodisplaysinthefuture.Therewillbemoreandmoreconnectionbetweentherealandvirtual.Withthisconceptcar,wearebringingthecarbodytolife,”saysFrankWeber,amemberoftheboardofthiscompany.28.Theconceptcarcanchangecolorsmainlybecauseof________.A.thereflectionofsunlight B.thestabilityofelectricalfieldC.theareaofwhiteandblacke-ink D.thegatheringofchargedpigments29.Asforthecolorchangingcar,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Itwillbeputintomassproductioninthenearfuture.B.Itcanchangecolorsautomaticallyaccordingtoweather.C.Itcanshowpersonalitiesandimprovecarperformance.D.Itwillsaveenergybytransformingheatintoelectricalenergy.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CarDesign:NewChallenges B.TheDevelopmentofCarExteriorC.MagicalE-inkinCarDesign D.NewInventionofCars:TailoredExterior【答案】28.D29.C30.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一款變色車，說明了其會變色背后的原理以及這種車的好處?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atthe2022ConsumerElectronicsShow,afamouscarcompanyshowcasedaconceptcarthatcanchangecolors.Thesurfacecoatingofthiscarfeaturese-inkthatismostwell-knownfromthedisplaysofe-readers.Itcontainsmanymillionsofmicro-capsules,eachofwhichcontainsnegativelychargedwhitepigments(顏料)andpositivelychargedblackpigments.Dependingonthechosensetting,stimulationbymeansofanelectricalfieldcauseseitherthewhiteortheblackpigmentstocollectatthesurfaceofthemicro-capsule,givingthecarbodythedesiredshade.(在2022年國際消費電子展上，一家著名汽車公司展示了一款可以變色的概念車。這輛車的表面涂層具有電子墨水，這是最著名的電子閱讀器顯示器。它包含數(shù)百萬個微膠囊，每個微膠囊都含有帶負電的白色色素和帶正電的黑色色素。根據(jù)所選擇的設(shè)置，電場的刺激會使白色或黑色顏料聚集在微膠囊的表面，從而使車身呈現(xiàn)出所需的陰影)”可知，這款概念車之所以能變色，主要是因為帶電顏料的聚集。故選D?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thecolorchosenforacarisanexpressionofthedriver’spersonalities.Itoffersacompletelynewwayofchangingthevehicle’sappearanceinlinewiththedriver’spreferences,theenvironmentalconditionsorevenfunctionalrequirements.(汽車的顏色是司機個性的體現(xiàn)。它提供了一種全新的方式，可以根據(jù)駕駛員的喜好、環(huán)境條件甚至功能要求來改變車輛的外觀)”以及第四段“Avariableexteriorcolorcancontributetoenergysavingandwellnessintheinterior.(一個可變的外部顏色可以有助于節(jié)能和健康的內(nèi)部)”可知，變色車可以彰顯個性，提高汽車性能。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“LastNovember,amagazinewithgreatinfluencerevealeditsannuallistoftheBestInventions,whicharechanginghowwelive,work,play,andthinkaboutwhat’spossible.Oneoftheseinventionswasthe“colorchangingcar”.(去年11月，一家極具影響力的雜志公布了年度最佳發(fā)明名單，這些發(fā)明正在改變我們的生活、工作、娛樂和思考可能發(fā)生的事情。其中一項發(fā)明是“變色車”)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一款變色車，說明了其會變色背后的原理以及這種車的好處?？芍?，D選項“汽車的新發(fā)明：定制的外觀”最符合文章標題。故選D。DDoyouknowforestsareoneofourplanet’sgreatestcarbonsinks?Thismeansthattheyabsorbanenormousamountofcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphere,agreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeandtheearth’srisingtemperature.Thepoplartree,standingtallandregal,isknownforitsfast-growingnatureanditsgray,white,orblackbark.AbiotechnologyfirminSanFrancisco,CA,geneticallymodifiedpoplartrees.Accordingtoafour-monthstudyconductedintheirgreenhouse,theengineeredtreesgrew53%largerthantheirnormalcounterpartsandstored27%moreCO2.InFebruary2023,thecompanyalsoplantedmodifiedpoplartreesinsouthernGeorgia.ThismarksthefirsttimeintheUnitedStatesthatengineeredtreeshavebeenplantedoutsideofacontrolledlabsetting!Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis(光合作用),wheresunlight,water,andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration(光呼吸作用),whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.Researchersfromthecompanyareplantingtheirpoplartreesonprivatelandthathasbeenpreviouslydisturbed,suchasabandonedcoalminesinPennsylvania.Themodifiedtreeswillbeplantedbetweennativeslikesweetgumandbaldcypresstoboostbiodiversityandmaintainsoilfertility(肥沃).PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.TheGlobalJusticeEcologyProjectarguedthatthesetreescouldinterferewitheffortstoprotectandregenerateforests.Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.Thiscompany’sattemptiscertainlyaninnovativeapproachtotheongoingclimatecrisis.31.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThenecessitytoabsorbCO2. B.Thebasicideabehindengineeredtrees.C.Theeffectofphotosynthesisonplants. D.Theimportanceofenergytransformation.32Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“interferewith”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Save. B.Measure. C.Interrupt. D.Strengthen.33.Whatcanweinferabouttheengineeredpoplartrees?A.TheirfirstplantingstatewasPennsylvania.B.TheirpotentialtoabsorbCO2outweighsconcerns.C.Theycanreleasemoreoxygenthannormalpoplartrees.D.Theywillgrowbetterifplantedawayfromnormalplants.34.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A.informandargue B.analyseandadviseC.argueanddiscuss D.examineandassess【答案】31.B32.C33.B34.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了加州舊金山的一家生物技術(shù)公司正在研究轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹，經(jīng)過改造的樹木比普通樹木長了53%，儲存的二氧化碳也多了27%。但不同的人對此有不同的看法，有人反對有人支持?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis(光合作用),wheresunlight,water,andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration(光呼吸作用),whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.(所有植物都經(jīng)歷光合作用，在光合作用中，陽光、水和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖和氧氣。然而，幾乎所有樹木都會在這個過程中釋放出有毒物質(zhì)。為了去除這種物質(zhì)，樹木必須在另一個被稱為光呼吸的步驟中消耗新產(chǎn)生的能量，這一步驟不產(chǎn)生任何能量，而是將二氧化碳釋放回大氣中。為了防止植物浪費能量，這家生物技術(shù)公司用綠藻中的基因改造了他們的楊樹。外源基因首先在煙草植物上進行了測試，將樹木產(chǎn)生的有毒物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為糖，這樣就可以用更多的能量來去除碳，促進樹木生長)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是轉(zhuǎn)基因樹背后的基本思想。故選B?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.(伊利諾伊大學的植物生物學家NorbertoMartinez表示，經(jīng)過基因改造的楊樹可能無法在戶外茁壯成長，或者需要更多的水和肥料來保持其快速生長。許多可持續(xù)林業(yè)組織也禁止在森林中種植轉(zhuǎn)基因樹木)”可知，本段主要介紹基因改造樹木的劣勢。由此推知，全球生態(tài)正義項目認為這些樹木可能會干擾保護和再生森林的努力。故畫線詞意思是“干擾”。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.(盡管對轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹可能會有反對意見，但有一件事是肯定的：它們有可能以更快的速度減少我們環(huán)境中的溫室氣體)”可推知，改造過的楊樹吸收二氧化碳的潛力大于擔憂。故選B?！?4題詳解】，推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，第二段介紹轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹的優(yōu)勢，第三段介紹轉(zhuǎn)基因樹背后的基本思想，第四段介紹支持轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹的聲音，第五段介紹反對轉(zhuǎn)基因楊樹的聲音。由此推知，這篇文章的主要目的是提供信息和辯論。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Communionisaverydifficultart.Tocommunewithoneanotherovermanyproblemsthatwehaverequireslisteningandlearning,whicharebothverydifficulttodo.____35____Tocommunewitheachother,werequireacertaincapacity,acertainwayoflistening-notmerelytogatherinformation,whichanyschoolboycando,butratherlisteninginordertounderstand.____36____Learningisnotmerelytheaccumulation(積累)ofknowledge.Knowledgeneverchangesthewayyouthink;experienceneverflowersintothebeautyofunderstanding.Mostofuslistenwiththebackgroundofwhatweknowandwehaveexperienced.Perhapsyouhavenevernoticedthedifferencebetweenthemindthatreallylearnsandthemindthatmerelygathersknowledge.____37____Itisalwaystranslatingwhatithearsintermsofitsownexperienceorintermsoftheknowledgewhichithasgathered.Itiscaughtupintheprocessofaccumulatingandaddingtowhatitalreadyknows,a