華中師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2010年華中師范大學(xué)357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解I.Translationoftermsorphrases(30)A.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtermsandphrasesintoChinese(15):CAD【答案】計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(ComputerAidedDesign)查看答案GPS【答案】全球定位系統(tǒng)(GlobalPositionSystem)查看答案UNESCO【答案】聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UnitedNationsEducational，Scientific，andCulturalOrganization)查看答案TMD【答案】戰(zhàn)區(qū)導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)(TheaterMissileDefense)查看答案WHO【答案】世界衛(wèi)生組織(WorldHealthOrganization)查看答案DesertStormsyndrome【答案】海灣戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)綜合癥查看答案Groupof77【答案】七十七國集團(tuán)查看答案TreatyontheNon-ProliferationofNuclearWeapons【答案】不擴(kuò)散核武器條約查看答案birdflu【答案】禽流感查看答案ParadiseLost【答案】《失樂園》查看答案RedStarOverChina【答案】《紅星照耀中國》查看答案TheNewYorkTimes【答案】紐約時(shí)報(bào)查看答案LostinTranslation【答案】迷失東京查看答案Safeguard【答案】舒膚佳查看答案ReutersNewsAgency【答案】路透社查看答案B.TranslatethefollowingChinesetermsandphrasesintoEnglish(15)：民盟【答案】ChinaDemocraticLeague查看答案國家計(jì)委【答案】SDPC(StateDevelopmentPlanningCommission)查看答案民革【答案】ChineseCivilRevolution查看答案南航【答案】ChinaSouthernAirlines查看答案非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)【答案】intangibleculturalheritage查看答案?jìng)€(gè)體工商戶【答案】IndividualBusiness;privatelyorindividually-ownedbusiness查看答案蘇州古典園林【答案】ClassicalGardensofSuzhou查看答案農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療【答案】ruralcooperativemedicalservice查看答案五代十國【答案】theperiodoffiveDynastiesandTenReigns查看答案鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)【答案】TheOpiumWar查看答案社會(huì)保障體系【答案】socialsecuritysystem查看答案涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)體制【答案】regulatorymechanismgoverningexternaleconomicrelations查看答案綜合國力【答案】comprehensivenationalstrength查看答案基礎(chǔ)群眾自治制度【答案】thesystemofcommunity-levelself-governance查看答案限價(jià)商品房【答案】commercialhousingwithpriceceilings查看答案II.English-ChineseTranslation(60)PassageOne(30)Noonedoubtsthatthewordswewriteorspeakareanexpressionofourinnerthoughtsandpersonalities.Butbeyondthemeaningfulcontentoflanguage,awealthofuniqueinsightsintoanauthor’smindishiddeninthestyleofatext-insuchelementsashowoftencertainwordsandwordcategoriesareused,regardlessofcontext.Itishowanauthorexpresseshisorherthoughtsthatrevealscharacter,assertssocialpsychologistJamesW.PennebakeroftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Whenpeopletrytopresentthemselvesacertainway,theytendtoselectwhattheythinkareappropriatenounsandverbs,buttheyareunlikelytocontroltheiruseofarticlesandpronouns.Thesesmallwordscreatethestyleofatext,whichislesssubjecttoconsciousmanipulation.Pennebaker’sstatisticalanalyseshaveshownthatthesesmallwordsmayhintatthehealingprogressofpatientsandgiveusinsightintothepersonalitiesandchangingideasofpublicfigures,frompoliticalcandidatestoterrorists.“Virtuallynooneinpsychologyhasrealizedthatlow-levelwordscangivecluestolarge-scalebehaviors,”saysPennebaker,who,withcolleagues,developedacomputerprogramthatanalyzestext,calledLinguisticInquiryandWordCount(LIWC,pronounced“Luke”).【參考譯文】我們寫或說的話是我們內(nèi)心的想法和個(gè)性的表達(dá)，這一點(diǎn)是毋庸置疑的。但是，除了語言的有意義的內(nèi)涵之外，作者的想法和獨(dú)特見解也隱藏在文本的風(fēng)格中，比如在不考慮上下文語境的情況下某些詞和詞類別的使用頻率。德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校社會(huì)心理學(xué)家詹姆斯·W·潘尼貝克斷言，這就是作者用來表達(dá)能夠展現(xiàn)其性格的思想的方式。當(dāng)人們想用一種特定的方式來展現(xiàn)自己時(shí)，他們傾向于選擇他們所認(rèn)為的正確的名詞和動(dòng)詞，但是他們不可能控制自己對(duì)冠詞和代詞的使用。這些用處不大的小字眼構(gòu)成了文章的風(fēng)格，而且并不受限于有意識(shí)行為的操縱。潘尼貝克的數(shù)據(jù)分析表明這些用處不大的小字眼可能暗示了病人的康復(fù)過程并讓我們了解到公眾人物從政治候選人到恐怖分子的個(gè)性和想法的變化。他說，在心理學(xué)中，幾乎沒有人意識(shí)到，低級(jí)的語言可以給大規(guī)模的行為提供線索。他和同事們開發(fā)了一種分析文本的計(jì)算機(jī)程序，被稱為語言查詢和單詞計(jì)數(shù)（LIWC，發(fā)音為盧克）。PassageTwo(30)Springsarenotalwaysthesame.Insomeyears,AprilburstsuponourVirginiahillsinoneprodigiousleapandallthestageisfilledatonce,wholechorusesoftulips,arabesquesofforsythia,cadenzasoffloweringplum.Thetreesgrowleavesovernight.Inotheryears,springtiptoesin.Itpauses,overcomebyshyness,likemygrandchildatthedoor,peepingin,duckingoutofsight,gigglinginthehallway.“Iknowyou’reoutthere，”Icry.“Comein!”AndAprilslipsintoourarms.Thedogwoodbud,palegreen,isinlaidwithrussetmarkings.Withintheperfectcupascoreofclusteredseedsarenestled.Oneexaminesthebudinawe:Wherewerethoseseedsamonthago?Theapplesdisplaytheirmilliner’sscrapsofivorysilk,rose-tinged.Allthesleepingthingswakeupprimrose,babyiris,bluephlox.Theearthwarmsyoucansmellit，feelit，crumbleAprilinyourhands.(JamesJ.Kilpatrick)【參考譯文】春不總是千篇一律的。有時(shí)候，四月一個(gè)健步就躍上了弗吉尼亞的小山丘。頓時(shí)，整個(gè)舞臺(tái)活躍起來：郁金香們引吭高歌，連翹花翩翩起舞，梅花表演起了獨(dú)奏。樹木也在一夜之間披上了新綠。有時(shí)候，春又悄然來臨。它欲前又止，羞澀靦腆，就像我的小孫女，倚在門口，偷偷往里瞅，又一下子跑開了，不見蹤影，從門廳傳出她咯咯的笑聲。我喊一聲：“我知道你在那兒，進(jìn)來吧！”于是四月便倏地一下飛進(jìn)我們懷中。山茱蓃的花骨朵兒嫩綠嫩綠的，鑲著赤褐色的花邊。在那漂亮的花萼里，竟穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地簇?fù)碇畮最w小種子。我們不禁要驚羨地問一句：一個(gè)月前這些種子還在哪兒呢？蘋果樹則像賣帽人，向人們展示他帽子上那一片片微帶點(diǎn)玫瑰紅地乳白色絲緞。所有熟睡的都醒了——櫻草花、小蝴蝶花、藍(lán)夾竹桃。大地也暖和起來了——你可以聞到四月的氣息，感覺到它那股馨香，把它捧在手中賞玩。III.Chinese-EnglishTranslation(60)龍從一開始就被人們賦予多種神格，既是雨神，又是雷神，既是云神，又是風(fēng)神。為太陽拉車的是六條巨龍，是日神的驂乘。北方的燭龍是光明之神，南方的應(yīng)龍?jiān)鴧f(xié)助遠(yuǎn)古的大禹治水，還幫大禹作戰(zhàn)，是水神兼戰(zhàn)神。東海的夔龍司職音樂，青龍是方位神，與天文有關(guān)。相傳龍生九子，各有所好，涉及音樂、體育、法律、建筑、宗教等諸領(lǐng)域?？梢婟埵嵌喙δ苌竦?，除了不管婚姻、愛情，幾乎處處有靈。人們祈求風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，扎應(yīng)龍之狀以通神。舞龍的初衷就是祈求豐收。古時(shí)吳越（長江中下游）漁民斷發(fā)文身，就是為了讓龍神視為已類不加傷害，賽龍正是為了娛神以求保佑?！緟⒖甲g文】Fromthebeginning,thedragonwasattributedwithvariousdivinities,andwassaidtobethegodofrain,thunder,cloudandwind.ThecarriageoftheSunGodwasdrawnbysixdragons.TheCandleDragoninthenorthwastheGodofLight.TheYingDragoninthesouthwastheGodofWaterandWarwhohelpedYu,thelegendaryfounderoftheXiaDynasty(c.21st-16thcenturyBC),tamefloodsandbattlewarsduringtheprehistoricperiod.TheKuiDragonoftheEastSeawastheMuseoftheeast;andtheBlackDragonwastheGodofCelestialPositions.TheGreatDragonwassaidtohaveninesons,whohadinterestsindifferentfieldssuchasmusic,sports,law,architectureandreligion,sothisdragongovernedalmosteverythingexceptmarriageandlove.Whenprayingforfavorablecropweather,theChinesepeopleusedtocreatedragonimagestocontactthedragongod.Today’sdragondanceswereritualsdesignedtobeseechthedragonforabun