選修六第三單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)市公開課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件省賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

LanguagePoints

Reading1/531．a(chǎn)busen．&vt.濫用；虐待典例:1)

Thebookisabouttheabuseofpower.這本書講述是權(quán)力濫用問題。2)他從不濫用特權(quán)。Heneverabuseshisprivilege.拓展:

drugabuse

childabuseabuseofpowerabuseone'spower濫用毒品虐待小朋友濫用權(quán)力濫用某人權(quán)力2/532.Whydoyouthinksomeadolescentsstartsmoking?adolescent/Teenagerbaby/infantchild(British)/kids(American)toddleryouth嬰兒年幼孩子13到19歲人會(huì)走路小孩男性青年3/53Myadolescentlife我青少年時(shí)期adolescence

青春期Theperiodofadolescenceisveryimportantinformingone’scharacter.青春期對(duì)人性格形成是非常主要。4/533．Doyouthinksmokingshouldbebanned?你以為應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)禁吸煙嗎？ban(1)vt.嚴(yán)禁；取締政府已經(jīng)嚴(yán)禁化學(xué)武器使用。(2)n.禁令；譴責(zé)(常與on/against連用)Thepoliceliftedthebanagainstparkinginthestreet.Thegovernmenthasbannedtheuseofchemicalweapons.警察取消了不準(zhǔn)在這條街停車禁令。5/53拓展:

bansb.from(doing)sth.

嚴(yán)禁某人做某事利用用合適介詞填空①Hewasbanned________drivingforthreemonthsaftertheaccident.②Thegovernmentannouncedtheban________drink-driving(醉駕)．fromon/against6/53知識(shí)拓展ban...fromdoing嚴(yán)禁……做……lift/removethebanon解禁……place/put...underaban嚴(yán)禁……underaban被嚴(yán)禁；被逐出門7/534.Ithinkmylongandactivelifemustbe

duetothehealthylifeIlive.due

to

由于;由……引發(fā);由于如:她缺席是由暴風(fēng)雨引發(fā)。Herabsencewasduetothestorm.知識(shí)拓展:表達(dá)因果關(guān)系單詞和短語becauseof

介詞短語“由于”,較口語化owing

to

介詞短語“由于”,較正式thanks

to

介詞短語“由于”,“多虧了”asa

result

of

介詞短語“由于”asaresult

副詞短語“因此”8/539/535.Ibecameaddictedtocigarettes.become/get/beaddictedtosth./doingsth.表達(dá)“對(duì)某事/做某事上癮”,該短語中to是介詞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。如：孩子們對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)游戲上了癮。Thechildrenareaddictedtocomputergames.10/53addict

vt.(1)使沉溺;癖好(2)使……成癮,熱衷于addictoneselfto沉溺于,醉心于beaddictedtosth./doingsth.癖好,熱衷Hebecameaddictedtothedrug.他染上了毒癮。addict

n.(1)上了癮人

aworkaddict工作狂filmaddict電影迷(2)吸毒者addiction

n.

沉湎、成癮addictive

adj.

使人上癮11/53Theparentsfelthelplesswhentheyfoundtheirsonhad____lovestoriesforlong.addictedaddictedtoC.addictedhimselfD.beenaddictedtoD12/536.Thismeansthatafterawhileyoubecomesaccustomedtohavingnicotineinit.

這就是說,過了一段時(shí)間后來,你身體習(xí)慣了香煙里尼古丁。accustom

vt.

使習(xí)慣于be/get/becomeaccustomedto習(xí)慣于;適應(yīng)于accustom+n./oneself+to使自己習(xí)慣/適應(yīng)于其中to為介詞13/53Theboyhas____________________________Englishinpublic.那孩子已經(jīng)習(xí)慣于在公眾面前說英語了。Myeyessoon_______________________________.我眼睛很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。Theyhadto____________________________________.他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣于酷熱天氣。accustomthemselvestothehotweathergrewaccustomedtothedarknessbecomeaccustomedtospeaking14/53[考例]Accustomedto______thesteepmountain,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.(上海2023春)A.climbing B.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed[點(diǎn)撥]to為介詞,后跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,不能跟目前分詞完成式,故選A。A15/537．Sowhenthedrugleavesyourbody,yougetwithdrawalsymptoms.因此當(dāng)你體內(nèi)沒有這種麻醉劑時(shí)，你就會(huì)出現(xiàn)脫癮癥狀。withdrawaln．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮)過程Igotwithdrawalsymptomsaftergivingupsmoking.我戒煙之后出現(xiàn)了脫癮癥狀。Thecompanymadethewithdrawaloftheproductfromthemarket.公司從市場(chǎng)上收回了這種產(chǎn)品。Hissuddenwithdrawalfromtheelectionsurprisedeveryone.他突然退出選舉行為使每個(gè)人都感到詫異。16/538．Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficulttoquit.我之因此上癮是有著這三方面原因，因此要戒煙很難。quitvt.停頓(做某事)；離開vi.停頓；離開；辭職典例:他已經(jīng)戒煙了。

Hehasquitsmoking.這筆錢是用來幫助吸煙者戒煙。Themoneyisusedtohelpsmokersquit.拓展quitschool退學(xué)quitoffice離職quitdoingsth.(＝stopdoingsth.)

停頓做某事bequitofsb./sth.掙脫某人或某物17/53利用:

完成句子①Igavehimmoneyinorderto_____________(掙脫他)．②Iwishyou'dbetter____________(停頓說話)．

Doctorsaredoingresearchtofindoutwhathappensphysicallywhenpeople______smoking.A.quitB.declineC.departD.reserve解析:根據(jù)句意“醫(yī)生們正在研究方便發(fā)覺當(dāng)人們戒煙時(shí),他們身體上將會(huì)發(fā)生什么情況”選A。decline下降;depart起程;reserve預(yù)訂。bequitofhimquittalkingA18/5310．WhenIwasyoung,Ididn'tknowmuchabouttheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.在我年輕時(shí)候，有關(guān)吸煙危害性我懂得并不多。effectn．成果；效力典例:

這種藥藥力可連續(xù)十二個(gè)小時(shí)。Theeffectofthismedicinecanlasttwelvehours.拓展:

ineffect事實(shí)上

takeeffect生效，奏效come/gointoeffect開始實(shí)行bring/put/oeffect使實(shí)行，使生效haveagood/badeffectonsth.

對(duì)某物有好(或壞)影響19/53利用完成句子①Thedrug______________________(立馬見效)thepain.②Thenewtaxregulations_________________(開始實(shí)施)lastmonth.③Hetoldushedidn'tlikewatchingfootballmatch;________________(事實(shí)上),heisafootballfan.hasanimmediateeffectoncame/wentintoeffectIneffect/fact20/5311.Ididn’tknow,forexample,thatitcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungsorthatitwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.

當(dāng)初我不懂得抽煙能嚴(yán)重侵害人心臟和肺部,也不懂得吸煙夫婦生育能力會(huì)下降。解析:該句是一種包括兩個(gè)賓語從句主從復(fù)合句。21/53主句為Ididn’tknow。兩個(gè)賓語從句分別為itcoulddoterribledamagetoyourheartandlungs和itwasmoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant,“or”連接這兩個(gè)賓語從句,意為“也不(懂得)”。Idon’tknow...or...這個(gè)句型譯為“我不懂得……,也不知道……”。如:Idon’tknowwheretogoorwhattodo.我不懂得去哪里也不懂得干什么。22/5312．strengthenvt．加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng)vi.變強(qiáng)這些訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)在于增強(qiáng)你腹部肌肉。Theexercisesaredesignedtostrengthenyourstomachmuscles.知識(shí)拓展動(dòng)詞strengthen是名詞strength加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來，常見由名詞或形容詞加后綴-en轉(zhuǎn)化而來動(dòng)詞尚有：brighten(使)明亮；fatten(使)發(fā)胖；harden(使)變硬；soften(使)變軟；sharpen(使)變尖銳；sweeten(使)變甜；widen(使)變寬23/53比較:strength,energy,force,power這些名詞都有“力”之意。(1)strength指機(jī)體內(nèi)部能力，是依靠身體組織而存在力，經(jīng)使用就變?yōu)閒orce。它尤其指承受重物力量。Forasmallwomanshehassurprisingstrength.她個(gè)子雖小但力大驚人。(2)energy用于人時(shí)，指工作時(shí)煥發(fā)出精力或干勁。Hisworkseemedtolackenergy.他工作似乎缺乏干勁。24/53(3)force尤指人或物撞擊或推物體時(shí)所用力。Hediditwithagreatforce.他用了很大力才把它做完了。(4)power能夠用來指人體某部位力量，但一般不用來指搬動(dòng)或握、托、支撐重物力量。從物理學(xué)意義上講，power更多指機(jī)械、爆炸或大自然力量。Therewasalotofpowerbehindthatblow.那一擊力量很大。25/5313．Decideonadaytoquit.確定一種開始戒煙日子。decideon/upon對(duì)……作出決定典例:

不要過于匆忙地對(duì)主要事情作出決定。Don'tdecideon/uponimportantmatterstooquickly.拓展:

decidetodosth.決定做某事decideagainststh./doingsth.決定不做某事decidethat-clause決定……利用:

完成句子①Shehas________________(對(duì)……作出決定)artasacareer.②I________________(決定去旅行)toanothercity.decidedon/upondecidetotravel26/5314．Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.每當(dāng)你想要吸煙時(shí)候，就提醒你自己：你已經(jīng)是一種不吸煙人了。feellike(doing)想要(做)……典例:

我今天想做點(diǎn)別事情。你想來杯咖啡嗎？拓展:

wouldliketodosth.想要做某事prefertodosth.更喜歡做某事enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事liketodo/doingsth.喜歡做某事Ifeellikedoingsomethingdifferenttoday.Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?27/5315．desperateadj．絕望；拼命;渴望①Hewasdesperatewhenhelostallhismoney.當(dāng)他丟了所有錢時(shí)，他絕望了。②Iwasabsolutelydesperatetolearnpainting.我非常渴望學(xué)畫畫。③Hetookadeepbreath,desperatelytryingtokeepcalm.他深深地吸了一口氣，竭力保持鎮(zhèn)定。知識(shí)拓展：bedesperatefor...對(duì)……極度渴望bedesperatetodo非常樂意干……desperatelyadv．拼命地desperationn．絕望；拼命28/5316．Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.假如你要通過數(shù)次戒煙才能最后把它戒掉，不要感到失望。disappointedadj.失望；沮喪典例：我不是泄氣，而是失望。

Iwasmoredisappointedthandiscouraged.拓展：bedisappointedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到失望

bedisappointedat/about/withsth.對(duì)某事感到失望

bedisappointedthat-clause對(duì)……失望利用：完成句子①Tomwasn't_______________________(對(duì)聽到……感到失望)thenews.②WhenI___________________(感到沮喪),Ioftenlistentomusic.disappointedtohearfeeldisappointed29/5317．Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeelashamed.假如你意志薄弱而又吸煙了，也不要以為難為情。ashamedadj.感到慚愧或羞恥典例:

你應(yīng)當(dāng)為自己感到羞恥！Youshouldbeashamedofyourself!

拓展:

beashamedof(doing)sth.對(duì)某事感到慚愧beashamedtodosth.為做某事而感到慚愧beashamedthat-clause對(duì)……感到羞恥利用:

完成句子①Shewas________________(慚愧于告訴)hermotherthatshehadfailedtheexam.②Iwas________________(對(duì)……感到慚愧)mybehavioratthattime.ashamedtotellashamedof30/53LanguagePoints

learningaboutlanguage31/531．Inspiteofallhiseffortshefailed.盡管很努力，他還是失敗了。[歸納拓展]inspiteof

盡管，雖然inspiteof＝despite，背面跟名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，不能跟從句。although＝though，盡管，雖然。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as有時(shí)也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，但要用部分倒裝語序，即：表語/狀語/謂語＋as＋主語＋謂語32/531、盡管有喧鬧聲也要設(shè)法睡著。(inspiteof)Trytosleepinspiteofthenoise.2、盡管她窮，但她決不向他人低頭。(although)Though/Althoughsheispoor，shenevergivesintoothers.3、盡管這事似乎很奇怪，可是是真。(as)Strangeasitmayseem，itistrue.4、—Theweatheristoobad.—________thebadweather，Istilltrymybesttomeetmyfriendasplanned.A.InspiteofB.AswellC.HoweverD.AlthoughA33/532．Hefelthehadtomakeuphismindoneverystepinsteadoftakingrisks.他以為每一步都要下定決心，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。[歸納拓展]riskn．危險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

atone’sownrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)atrisk在危險(xiǎn)中attheriskof冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)takearisk(risks)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)taketheriskofdoingsth冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskv.冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)riskdoingsth.冒險(xiǎn)做某事34/531、你能夠使用它，但你要責(zé)任自負(fù)。Youcanuseit，butit’satyourownrisk.2、她沒有去，由于她不想冒再撞見尼爾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Shedidn’tgo，becauseshedidn’twanttorun/taketheriskofseeingNeilagain.3、她冒生命危險(xiǎn)去急救那個(gè)溺水小朋友。Sheriskedherlifetryingtosavethedrowningchild.35/534、Heleftwithoutanumbrella_____inarain.A．riskedgettingcaughtB．riskinggettingcaughtC．torisktogetcaughtD．riskingtogetcaught5、Ifyoudaretotake________riskofnotwearingaseatbelt，youareat________risk.A．the；/B．/；/C．/；theD．the；theBA36/533．Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnottogetintothehabitinthefirstplace.當(dāng)然，對(duì)付這些藥品最佳辦法是從最初就別開始。[歸納拓展]getinto進(jìn)入，陷于，染上(習(xí)慣)常用短語：getintotrouble/difficulties惹上麻煩getintodebt負(fù)債累累getintoatemper大發(fā)脾氣getintodeepwater陷于困境getintothehabit/wayof養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣于37/534．illegaladj.不合法，違法他認(rèn)可他是非法移民。Headmittedthathewasanillegalimmigrant.未經(jīng)允許看他人私人信件是不合法。It'sillegaltoreadpeople'sprivateletterswithoutpermission.拓展：Itisillegal(forsb)todosth(某人)做…是違法legal

adj.合法；法律

為何我就不該放假？那是完全合法。Whyshouldn'tItakeaholiday?It'sperfectlylegal.38/53LanguagePoints

Usinglanguage39/531.survivaln.幸存；幸存者醫(yī)生說他有50%生存機(jī)會(huì)。Hisdoctorsaidhehada50-50chanceofsurvival.知識(shí)拓展(1)fight/struggleforsurvivalsurvivalofthefittest(2)survivevt.&vi.

surviveonsth.(3)survivorn.

為生存而斗爭(zhēng)適者生存生還；殘余；比……活得長僅靠……維持生計(jì)生存者；殘余者；幸存者40/532．judgementn.見解；判決；判斷短語：在……看來對(duì)……做出判斷

按我見解，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做這件事。Inmyjudgement,weshoulddoit.

他回絕對(duì)形勢(shì)作出評(píng)價(jià)。Herefusedtomakeajudgementaboutthesituation.inone'sjudgement

makeajudgementabout41/53(2)judgen.法官，裁判v.斷定，判斷，審判judge...by根據(jù)……判斷judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……判斷

不要以貌取人。Don'tjudgeamanbyhislooks.

從外表來看，他一定是一位專家。Judgingbyhisappearance,hemustbeanexpert.42/533．embarrassedadj.尷尬，窘迫；陷入困境她因自己身高而困窘。She'sembarrassedaboutherheight.拓展：embarrassvt.使尷尬；使窘迫；使不安

embarrassingadj.令人尷尬；令人難堪

embarrassment

n.尷尬；難堪；窘迫在眾人面前演說時(shí)，我總以為很窘迫。Makingspeechesinpublicalwaysembarrassesme.43/53活學(xué)活用用embarrassed合適形式填空(1)Itwasso________havingtosinginpublic.(2)Muchtoher________sherealizedthateverybodyhadbeenlisteningtohersinging.(3)Helooked________whenIaskedhimwherehe'dbeen.答案：

(2)embarrassment

(1)embarrassing

(3)embarrassed44/534．a(chǎn)wkwardadj.局促不安；笨拙在正式舞會(huì)上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。AttheformalpartyIfeltveryawkwardandoutofplace.孩子們喜歡譏笑笨拙同齡人。Thechildrenlikedtolaughattheirawkwardpeers.拓展：awkwardlyadv.局促不安地；笨拙地45/531、makesure確定；確信；查明；弄清楚①你最佳確保將這封信在今天晚上寄出去。You'dbettermakesuret