課件動詞過去分詞公開課一等獎?wù)n件省賽課獲獎?wù)n件

高二英語金瑞芳UsageofThePastParticiple非謂語動詞使用方法解說：過去分詞使用方法第1頁非謂語動詞指在句中表達(dá)一種動作但不能充當(dāng)謂語，而是充當(dāng)其他語法功能詞。v-ing表積極，表進(jìn)行v-ed表被動，表完成todo不定式表將來，表目標(biāo)第2頁Thevaseisbroken.Hearingthenews,heshowedasurprisedlook.DirectedbyHanhan,themovieisreallypopular.Tomfinallyhadthebookfinished.Predicative(表語)Adverb(狀語)Attribute(定語)Objectcomplement(賓語補足語)第3頁v-ed作表語v-ed作賓補v-ed作定語v-ed作狀語v-ed第4頁1.

及物動詞過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，表達(dá)主語狀態(tài)，既表達(dá)被動，又表達(dá)完成。

Thecupis

broken.

茶杯破了。

2.

不及物動詞過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是積極關(guān)系，表達(dá)主語狀態(tài)，只表達(dá)動作完成。

Heis

retired.

他已退休。v-ed作表語第5頁v-ed作表語表達(dá)主語某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。Shewasreallytouchedbeyondwords.Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirwork.某些過去分詞作表語用來表達(dá)人物所處心理狀態(tài)或情感變化，其主語一般是人，此類過去分詞如：delighted,devoted,discouraged,astonished,frightened,excited,worried等能夠看做形容詞。第6頁【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)區(qū)分：過去分詞作表語，主要是表達(dá)主語狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表達(dá)動作。

(1)

Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.

茶杯是昨天我小妹打壞。（是被動語態(tài)，表達(dá)動作）(2)

Thelibraryisnowclosed.

圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）

【注意】過去分詞表達(dá)被動或完成,-ing形式表達(dá)積極或進(jìn)行。有些動詞如

interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等一般用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用-ing形式來修飾物。

(3)

ThebookisinterestingandI'm

interested

init.

第7頁v-ed作定語spokenEnglishwrittenexercisesfallenleavestheadvancedcountriesausedstamp abrokencoin英語口語

書面練習(xí)落葉發(fā)達(dá)國家一枚用過郵票一枚破損硬幣v-ed表被動和完成v-ed表完成v-ed表被動v-ed表被動和/或完成第8頁Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.terrifiedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerpeopleterrifiedof(cholera)seatsreservedfor…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedof…awinnerpleasedat…第9頁childrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…

theaudiencetiredby…ananimaltrappedin/by…astonishedchildrenacloseddoor

thetiredaudience

atrappedanimal

abrokenvase

單個過去分詞作前置定語；過去分詞短語作后置定語第10頁過去分詞作定語

作定語用過去分詞相稱于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾名詞。及物動詞過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞過去分詞作定語，只表完成。1.

過去分詞用作定語，假如是單個，常置于其所修飾名詞之前。

thefallenleaves

落葉

Weonlysellusedbooksinourbookstore.第11頁2.過去分詞短語用作定語時，一般置于其所修飾名詞之后，其意義相稱于一種定語從句

Hewasateacherrespectedbyallhisstudents.Hewasateacherwhowasrespectedbyallhisstudents.Idon’tknowthegirlwhowascaughtinthesnowstorm.Idon’tknowthegirlcaughtinthesnowstorm.Theboywhowasknockeddownbythecarwascrying.Theboyknockeddownbythecarwascrying.第12頁3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。

(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.

他們舉辦了歡迎英雄大會，到會有五千多人。4.用來修飾人過去分詞有時能夠轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。

(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.

男孩帶著滿意表情舉目而視。

第13頁Translation我多懊悔在樹林揮霍時光啊!HowIregrettedthehours__________________!HowIregrettedthehours_________________________!我喜歡穿這種布料做衣服。Ilikewearingclothes_______________________．Ilikewearingclothes__________________________________.在樹林揮霍這種布料做wastedinthewoodsmadeofthiskindofclothwhichwerewastedinwoodswhicharemadeofthiskindofcloth第14頁魯迅寫書很受歡迎。Thebooks_________________arepopular．我們要去看那座建于幾百年前橋。We’llgotovisitthebridge_________________________．魯迅寫書建于幾百年前writtenbyLuXunbuilthundredsofyearsago第15頁v-ing與v-ed作定語區(qū)分1.語態(tài)不一樣v-ing表積極、進(jìn)行；v-ed表被動、完成aninspiringspeech鼓舞人心演說theinspiredaudience受鼓舞聽眾the

falling

leaves落葉（正往下落）thefallenleaves落葉（已落到地面）第16頁2.時間關(guān)系不一樣v-ing表“正在進(jìn)行”或“與謂語動詞同步進(jìn)行”或“經(jīng)常性”。v-ed表動作先于謂語動詞表達(dá)動作。Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthebigtree?Thewomansellingvegetableshasgone.第17頁the

changing

worldthechangedworld（正在變化）（變化了）boiling

waterboiledwater（正在沸騰)（已經(jīng)沸騰過）fading

flowers

fadedflowers(正在凋落)（已經(jīng)凋落）a

developing

countrya

developed

country(發(fā)展中)（發(fā)達(dá)）第18頁3.及物動詞過去分詞與目前分詞被動式都可表達(dá)被動,但v-ed表達(dá)一種完成了動作,而beingdone多表達(dá)一種正在進(jìn)行動作。Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayhassomethingtodowithus.Theproblembeingdiscussednowhassomethingtodowithus.Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.第19頁v-ed作賓補作賓語補足語過去分詞一般來自及物動詞，表達(dá)被動和完成意義。過去分詞作賓補時，和它前面賓語組成“賓語+過去分詞”復(fù)合構(gòu)造，在這種構(gòu)造中，賓語與過去分詞之間邏輯上動賓關(guān)系。直接賓語（名詞或代詞）賓語補足語某些及物動詞（如make）第20頁

賓語補足語10種表達(dá)法：HisfathernamedhimDoming.Theypaintedtheirhousewhite.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.4.Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.(名詞)(形容詞)（不定式）（不定式短語）(目前分詞或其短語)第21頁6.Wemustgettheworkfinishedby10o’clock.7.WetakeEnglishasausefultoolforresearchwork.8.Wheneveryoumaygo,youwillfindhimatwork.9.Letthefreshairin.10.Theplanthasitsownname.Youcannotcallitwhatyouwill.(過去分詞)（用as引出）（介詞短語）（副詞）(從句)第22頁英語中有些及物動詞，除有一種直接賓語以外，還要有一種賓語補足語，才能使句子意義完整。1.在表達(dá)感覺或心理狀態(tài)動詞，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,think,find等背面作賓語補足語。Iwasgladtoseethechildwelltakencareof.Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Sheheardthedoorshutwithabang.Shefeltagreatloadtakenoffhermind.第23頁2.使役動詞.表達(dá)“致使”意義動詞。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.

明天我要剪發(fā)。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.

他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.

要把那些事情做完。(4)Hemanagedtomakehimselfunderstood.【注意】過去分詞所示動作一定和賓語有邏輯上動賓關(guān)系。第24頁3.在表達(dá)“希望”“愿望”等意義動詞，如want,wish,like,expect等背面作賓語補足語。Theteacherexpectedallthestudentswellpreparedfortheexam.Hewantshiscompositionreadbyeveryclassmate.

Iwanttheproblemsettledtonight.

我希望這個問題今晚能夠得到處理第25頁4.做介詞賓補，主要用于“with/without+復(fù)合構(gòu)造”中。Theyleftwithoutaplateuntouched.Withtheproblemsettled,hefeltquitehappy.第26頁5.“have+賓語＋過去分詞”幾個含義在“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”構(gòu)造中，過去分詞作賓補，也可用get。有下列幾個含義：1)意為“主語請他人做某事”。Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.2)意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不快樂、不測事情”。Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.3)意為“使完成某事”，事情既能夠是他人做完，也能夠由主語參與完成。Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.第27頁v-ing,v-ed,todo作賓補區(qū)分語態(tài)v-ed與賓語之間是被動關(guān)系，v-ing表積極，todo和賓語也是積極關(guān)系。時間關(guān)系v-ed表完成，v-ing表進(jìn)行，to

do強調(diào)動作發(fā)生全過程。第28頁Wefoundthetreesplanted.Wefoundmanypeopleplantingtreesthere.Isawhimgointothediningroom.Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.第29頁Hemanagedtomakehimself__________(understand)withhis_______(break)English.—There’saholeinyourbag.—Iknow,I’mgoingtohaveit________(mend)IhaveoftenheardtheABCSong______(sing),butIhaveneverheardAlice_____(sing)it.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_______(beat).Pleasegetthework______(do)assoonaspossible.understoodbrokenmendedsungsingbeatingdone第30頁1.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaroundchanging.2.Thegateremainedlockingandwehadtowaitoutside.3.You’llseemanyproblemstobesettledinthisway.4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbeingtiedbehindhisback.changedsettledlocked改錯tied第31頁1.Wehavegotthehousemended

now.2.Youlookdifferenttoday.Haveyouhadyourhaircut?3.Doyouwanttohavethedictionarydeliveredtoyourhouseorwouldyouprefertotheshopforit?4.A:CouldIhavealookatthephotographsyoutookwhenyouwereinEurope?B:Sorry,Ihaven’thadthefilmdevelopedyet.AnswerstoEx.2onPage13.第32頁5.Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.WhenIgottheretotherepairshopIfounditclosed.6.Thecomputerdoesn’tseemtoworkwell.You’dbettergetitrepaired?7.JillandEricgotalltheirmoneystolenwhiletheywereonholiday.8.Thelisteningtextmightbeeasierforthestudentsifyouhaveitdividedintotwoparts.第33頁

過去分詞作狀語表達(dá)被動和完成動作。

Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!

有些過去分詞因起源于系表構(gòu)造或者是由某些動詞后加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化而來形容詞，作狀語時不表被動而表達(dá)積極。這樣過去分詞及短語常見有：lost（in）；absorbed(in)；born（in）；dressedin；interested(in)；tiredof；pleased/satisfied(with);disappointed/surprised;prepared(for);seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed/located/situated；v-ed作狀語第34頁（1）Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.（2）Thereisabigtownmarketsituatedintheheartofthecity.第35頁v-ed作狀語過去分詞作狀語，表達(dá)動作發(fā)生背景，在乎義上相稱于一種狀語從句，其遵循兩條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1.省略主語（也稱邏輯主語）與主句主語保持一致。2.邏輯主語與過去分詞間存在動賓關(guān)系。過去分詞在句中作狀語可表達(dá)時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨等。第36頁

(1)

Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.（given

為過去分詞作狀語，它邏輯主語為主句主語I，即I被再給一種小時。）

(2)

Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.

（seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它邏輯主語必須是都市，而不是“我們”，由于“我們”應(yīng)積極看都市。）第37頁

【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保存連詞，組成“連詞＋過去分詞”構(gòu)造作狀語。while,when,until,unless,though,asif,evenif等

(1)Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.

當(dāng)你做體格檢查時要保持鎮(zhèn)定。

(2)Unlessinvited,Iwon’tattendthemeeting.(3)Oncepublished,thisnovelwillbepopular.4.過去分詞作狀語位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，也可放在主句背面。

Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.

他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。第38頁作原因狀語Tired

bythetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Becausehewastiredbythetrip,hesoonfellasleep.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.第39頁作時間狀語Seenfromthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.Whenthecityisseenformthehill,thecitylookslikeagarden.Wheniceisheatedortakenintothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.(When)Heatedortakenintothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.第40頁作條件狀語Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.IfIhadbeengivenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.Iftheyaregrowninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.Grownintherichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.第41頁作伴隨狀語Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.Theteachercameinandwasfollowedbysomestudents.第42頁

【注意】假如過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句主語就不再是分詞邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語過去分詞構(gòu)造事實上屬于獨立主格構(gòu)造。

(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.

（thesignal

是given

邏輯主語，因此主句主語thebus就不是given邏輯主語。

(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.

（her

head

是heldhigh

邏輯主語，因此主句主語she

就不再是heldhigh

邏輯主語。）

第43頁

“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”構(gòu)造“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”構(gòu)造中，過去分詞用作介詞with賓語補足語。這一構(gòu)造一般在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：

(1)

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

（方式）(2)

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.（條件）(3)

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.（原因）(4)

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.(5)Hestoodforamomentwithhishandstillraised.

第44頁1.Frightenedbytheloudnoise,Iwenttoseewhatwashappening.2.Hitbythelackoffreshair,hegotabadheadache,3.Tiredafterthelongjourney,Istillenjoyedmeetingthealiensonthespacestation4.Frightenedbythenoiseoutside,thelittlegirldarednotsleepinherbedroom.Whichadverbialarethesesentencesusingthepastparticipleas第45頁5.Builtin1910,themuseumisalmost100yearsold.6.Givensomeadvicebythefamousscientist,thestudentwasnotworriedabouthisscientificexperimentanymore.7.Exhaustedafteraday’swork,Georgetooksometabletstohelphimfeelbetter.8.Veryastonishedbytheamountofworkinthenewtimetable,Lucydecidedtoleaveherjobimmediately.第46頁1.Following

theoldman,wewentupstairs.(跟著那個老人,

我們上了樓)2.Followedby

theoldman,wewentupstairs.(被那個老人跟著,

我們上了樓)比較下面每組兩句話。第47頁3.從上面看,體育場仿佛一種鳥巢。

____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.從太空看,宇航員看不到長城。____fromthespace,theastronautcouldnotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenBA第48頁Havingbeendone&done1.作狀語時，havingbeendone更強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前；而done則不強調(diào)此含義。Nothavingbeeninvited,hefeltunhappy.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.2.done可作定語，而havingbeendone一般不能作定語，一般用定語從句。Thegirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.第49頁3.假如分詞是短暫動詞，那么該分詞完成式(havingbeendone)所表達(dá)動作往往是在謂語動作之前發(fā)生過數(shù)次Havingbeenbittentwice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdogupHavingfailedthreetimes,hedidn'twanttotryagain.第50頁英語積極形式表被動意義幾個情況1.表達(dá)被動含義積極動詞

1)系動詞taste,sound,look,smell,feelYourreasonsoundsreasonable.

Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.

2)某些與can’t或won’t,wouldn’t

連用動詞。常用有:lock,shut